the Irish

Department against the protests of mere politicians;

BRIEFS ON NEW BOOKS. and the two great Anglo-Saxon powers are too desperately proud of proving that they can triumph

The Daniel O'Connell of Mr. Robert

O'Connell, over difficulties to stop to remove any of their own

Dunlop's presentation, in the “ Hemaking. The author makes out the strongest pos

Liberator.
roes of the Nations

series (Patsible case against official incompetents in places nam), is a genuine Irishman, somewhat unduly of power — and so did Captain John Bigelow, spiritualized it may be, yet typical of his race. U.S.A., in 1899, concerning the authorities at Mercurial in temperament, quick to take offense Washington.

and quick to forgive, easily quarrelsome over trivDr. A. Conan Doyle states the case against him- ialities, he is still the foremost figure in the long self with entire fairness in the preface to his “ The list of the Irish agitators of the earlier part of the Great Boer War.” He wrote the somewhat bulky century. O'Connell was a leader of the Irish bar, volume partly in England and partly on the steamer an eloquent orator, and an effective member of in passage, finishing it in Bloemfontein while pro- Parliament, but it is upon his abilities as an organfessionally engaged during the epidemic among izer of political societies for the redress of Ireland's the wounded soldiers there. “Often,” he says, grievances that Mr. Dunlop justly places the greatest “the only documents which I had to consult were stress. He excelled his contemporaries in his ability the wounded officers and men who were under our legally to evade repressive laws, and he stood far care.” Elsewhere he speaks of the volume being above every other agitator of the period in his de“compiled with as much accuracy as is attainable termination never to encourage violent methods at this date.” But the history, such as it is, has for the repeal of obnoxious statutes. O'Connell commanded the highest praise in England, and it always advocated “constitutional ” agitation. Monseems to be designed exclusively for British con- ster petitions, public meetings, and far-reaching sumption. Dr. Doyle means to be impartial, and political associations were the instruments he chose there are frequent evidences of his efforts to that to express Ireland's sentiments, in the hope that end. He brings to the book, too, a personal knowl. incessant iteration would ensure fair treatment for edge of the South African landscape and general | his countrymen. Revolution was hateful to him. geography, in addition to his well known skill as a Neither personal persecution, nor discouragement writer.

at the seeming failure of wisely conceived projects, “ The Rise and Fall of Krugerism” bears for moved him, for an instant, from his horror of inits sub-title, “A Personal Record of Forty Years surrectionary methods. Mr. Dunlop insists upon in South Africa,” and Mr. Scoble may be regarded this again and again, for O'Connell has frequently as its real author, the position of Mr. Abercrombie been credited with the will, but not with the courage, in the intelligence department of Cape Colony en- to embroil Ireland in civil war, and during his abling him to eke out the facts which his colabor. lifetime was generally regarded in England as ator's correspondency for the London “ Times” at hypocritical in his denunciation of armed resistance. Pretoria put him in the way of acquiring. The Yet Mr. Dunlop's estimate is sustained by numerbook is written from the extreme imperialistic point ous quotations from O'Connell's personal letters to of view, and nothing derogatory to the government intimate friends, at every stage of his career. of the Transvaal has been omitted, making it a O'Connell's character and acts were by no means treasure house for the opponents of the Republics. above criticism, and the author does not attempt to But even here the silence of the authors respecting conceal the defects. He was an egoist, yet perhaps the Orange Free State admits aw a part of their purposely so in politics, recognizing the aptitude of contention.

his countrymen for submission to the political Dr. M. J. Farrelly is an advocate of the

supreme

« b088." He made serious mistakes in policy, as court of Cape Colony, and he is somewhat more when he favored the disfranchisement of the forty frank than many of his countrymen in setting forth shilling freeholders. He was often vulgar and the nature of the struggle. “We are fighting,” he abusive in language toward his political opponents. says, " in order to place a small international oli- | These failings are noted explicitly, though usually garchy of mine owners and speculators in power at with toleration, by Mr. Dunlop. Yet O'Connell's Pretoria (what Kruger was fighting to avoid]. En- greatest mistake, in the author's opinion, was one glishmen will surely do well to recognize that the of judgment and not of character or measure, economic and political destinies of South Africa briefly, that his whole scheme of operations, though are, and seem likely to remain, in the hands of men, successful in securing Catholic emancipation, was most of whom are foreigners by origin, whose trade based upon ideals, thus rendering complete success is finance, and whose trade interests are not chiefly impossible. O'Connell believed that when once British.” Dr. Farrelly looks for a period of duress England was educated to understand the wrongs as a Crown colony for the Transvaal and, probably, of the existing government of Ireland, the English the Free State, and regards time as the only solu- sense of justice would force the righting of these tion of most of the existing difficulties.

wrongs. He therefore educated England by agiWALLACE RICE. tation in Ireland. Mr. Dunlop asserts that England

a

a

has never acted toward Ireland upon principles of psychological status of the memory-processes is cerabstract justice, and that selfish interest alone has tainly desirable ; and on the whole such information brought any alleviation of Irish distress. Mere has kept pace with the increasing knowledge in agitation of principles of right are here, therefore, regard to the physiological and psychological basis always useless unless England sees her own direct and mode of development of mental functions. benefit in their realization. Mr. Dunlop is an Professor Colegrove's inductive study of "Memory" Englishman.

(Holt) is a well-designed aid to the student of this In “Sleeping Beauty and Other topic, and will appeal to the interests of the general Talk about

Prose Fancies ” (John Lane) Mr. Art and Life.

reader. The scope of the volume includes an introRichard Le Gallienne gives us a ductory chapter giving the historical setting of series of short essays written in the brilliant vein opinions in regard to the nature of memory; a that holds attention if it does not always produce suggestive account of the fluctuations of the memoryconviction. Mr. Le Gallienne is a devotee of the functions in the biological world ; some description religion of beauty, and in the fervor of his devotion of the diseases of memory, without which a conhe says, “Why not disendow the Church, and en

ception of memory would be both misleading and dow Literature, which is really the coming Church?” inadequate ; a brief statement of the connection of His militant faith in the triumph of the finer in- memory-processes with the functions of the brain; stincts of the soul, love of beauty and desire for a discussion of the significant types, or classes of truth, and longing for the invisible things of the memory; a detailed study, on the basis of an ex. spirit, is abundantly in evidence, and especially so tensively circulated question-sheet, of certain special in the most important essay in the book, “The problems in regard to the tenacity, accuracy, diSecond Coming of the Ideal.” He insists upon the rection, unfoldment, relation to age, sex, race, etc., reality of dreams, and declares that realism has and other characteristics of individual memories ; failed because it does not understand, as does a discussion of the relations of the mere retentive idealism, the science of human nature. Eager and functions to the assimilative ones, particularly to earnest as are Mr. Le Gallienne's convictions, he attention, apperception, and association ; and a manages to give them publicity without too much concluding chapter rehearsing the pedagogical apparade of importance, dwelling upon them lovingly plications of the main results of the previous studies. rather than strenuously, and even touching them The volume is the outcome of a deep personal inlightly with a graceful fancy and a mild sort of wit. terest and of a special investigation of the subject. His treatment of Mr. Stephen Phillips has the Its essential defect is the lack of a sustained hold charm of absolute sincerity of appreciation, and upon the relations of the different parts of the this paper more than any other makes us realize subject to one another. We have a series of incihow much of our pleasure in the volume comes dents, where we expect a continued story involving from the genuineness of his fresh delight in the the same characters but in new situations. It is esthetic charm of books and men. But his enjoy- true of memory as of many problems psychological, ment of Stevenson, and Theodore Watts-Danton, that “what was a problem once is a problem still ”; and Miss Custance is balanced by the very positive but an interesting sketch of the shape which the irritation that comes to him from the great popular problem assumes in response to the activities of success of Rudyard Kipling. “Mr. Kipling has modern research may be profitably gained from chosen to make the clay jig, instead of compelling Dr. Colegrove's handbook. the marble to sing; and he has his reward,” he says, "A Propos The Absent-Minded Beggar," The Monitor

“ The history of our navy under and, while we may not sympathize with his feeling

steam divides itself into two parts,

epoch-marker. of personal vexation, we must allow the criticism.

rather sharply separated by a peOn the whole, while there are some good things

culiar war-vessel forced into the field of action in well said in the book, it is an entertaining rather

advance of its natural time by the demands of a than weighty or valuable contribution to the literary great war, and destined suddenly to change by its discussion of the problems of art and life. It example the naval armaments and methods of all might be suggested to Mr. Le Gallienne that his

nations.” This sentence indicates the underlying work is sufficiently pretentious to warrant his giving thought in “The Monitor and the Navy under a little more attention to the writing of correct

Steam " (Houghton), by Lieut. Frank M. Bennett, English. Especially is this desirable if he is to go

U.S.N. The story of the origin and progress of forth to battle with Mr. Kipling as one who degrades

steam navigation is told in a very interesting way, the national literature by the use of slang.

a number of drawings helping materially in giving

the reader a correct understanding of the successive Information in regard to memory is advance steps. A commendable

A second chapter recounts the compendium a matter of general interest, and famous duel between the “Monitor” and the on memory.

descriptions of the peculiarities and “Merrimac," and this is followed by a description vagaries of the venerable mother of the muses may of other naval actions of the Civil War, the upperfrequently be overheard in the small talk of culti- most thought always being the evolution of the vated persons. Exact information in regard to the modern battle-ship. After the Civil War the United

as an

a

9

66

was

The Forward

States " practically dropped out of sight for twenty nearly as possible pure and simple, and in a form years as a naval or maritime power," and Earopean which presupposes a very moderate degree only of nations made the experiments and perfected the antecedent knowledge of the elements of Crommachinery necessary to the building of the battle- well's story, will probably find more serviceable ship of to-day. This naval indifference was trying than any of its recent predecessors. Mr. Paterson's to American officers, and yet had its compensations, object is to give a detailed narrative of the persince we were able, when our

new navy

sonal life, aims, and motives of Cromwell, and he planned, to profit by the expensive experience of has hence abstained so far as may be from the the rest of the world. What the new navy accom- usual historical and politico-philosophical excursions plished in the Spanish-American War of course is which his theme suggests. His book, in short, is a set forth in glowing words, nearly a hundred pages good plain narrative of Oliver's career, and a senout of three hundred and fifty being given to the sible, unexaggerated view of his character. Mr. events of 1898.

This may perhaps be criticised Paterson inclines to take issue with writers who as an undue proportion, but it is true that the story regard Cromwell's later usurpations as an apostasy is designed to approach such a climax, all the from the cause of political liberty, and endeavors thought and inventions of the past being represented with some plausibility to show that his high-banded at their best in such a vessel as the “ Oregon." measures were largely forced on him by circumThe last chapter will be depended upon to sell the stances (which we believe to be in a measure true), book, but it is likely that more real value attaches and, moreover, that in taking such measures he really to the earlier pages, which show how naval inventors acted as the instrument or mandatary of his council worked unceasingly at ideas tending to make the (which we believe to be exceedingly doubtful). ships move faster than sails could carry them, and Mr. Paterson's book is very readable, and it sets at the same time to make a more solid barrier for forth concisely, in a compact, well-made volume, the the flag at sea than was afforded by the “wooden essentials of Cromwell's history. There are two walls” of the old navy.

well.executed portraits, one of them a likeness of

the Protector's mother after a rare original. In his careful and engrossing work The story of on “The Frigate Constitution, the

Before the outbreak of hostilities in “Old Ironsides." Central Figure of the Navy under

South Africa, the question that most

Policy in India. Sail” (Houghton), Mr. Ira N. Hollis follows the

interested political England was the fortunes of “Old Ironsides” from her inception 80-called “ Forward Policy” in India, and whether under the presidency of Washington to her present

the Afridi war was a logical result of that policy. condition of honorable old age, in which she is

Under the guise of a personal memoir, Mr. Richard soon to enjoy a pension adequate for her main- I. Bruce, a former political agent in Beluchistan, tenance in ease and dignity. With the part in

has written a book of comment upon English action history played by the “Constitution” Americans in India. “ The Forward Policy and Its Results" have every reason to be satisfied. If she did (Longmans) relates the chief activities of its author, not win her spurs a most terrestrial trope, in and defends the system introduced by Sir Robert this connection - during the brief war with France, Sandemann, in bringing under English control

— she did beat an English frigate sailing at that

some of the frontier tribes between Northwest India time, and Preble gave her plenty to do against and Afghanistan. The question at issue is as to

, the Tripolitans soon after. It was in 1812 that whether it is wiser to accustom the wild Pathans of the gallant ship blossomed into her fulness of fame, this border to submit to English intervention in and Mr. Hollis does not exaggerate when he says

their disputes, and to permit the establishment of she “ was the single champion of a young and semi-military outposts, or to leave them absolutely struggling nation" in a war which "terminated independent in the hope that such a policy will the period of our dependence upon England.”

assure their friendship in case of a Russian advance Thrice escaping from British fleets by exhibitions on India. Mr. Bruce is emphatically in favor of of resourcefulness which still thrill the heart, and the Forward Policy as opposed to the Close Border thrice victorious over British ships-of-war, — the Policy. Every new government in India, he says,

, “Guerriére," the “Java," and the “Cyene” and

has entered office with the determination to check “Levant,” – the career of the “ Constitution” further advance toward Afghanistan, but has been furnishes almost enough material for an epic. The forced by the necessity of the situation to alter its book is always readable and frequently fascinating. purpose. He advocates a peaceable, friendly, non

military advance, to be made on principle and not The life and

We have had two or three good grudgingly, and cites his own and Sir Robert character of books on Cromwell of late, notably Sandemann's labors among the Marris and Bugtis Oliver Cromwell.

the studies by Mr. John Morley and in proof that such an advance is possible. He is Governor Roosevelt, and to them is now added Mr. not a forcible writer, and indeed makes no pretense Arthur Paterson's “ Oliver Cromwell, His Life and at literary merit, but trusts to the reiteration of Character” (Stokes), a continuous, well-rounded specific facts in Indian history to substantiate his work which the reader who wants biography as argument. As a personal memoir the book is not interesting, for the description of frontier incident the author returns no uncertain answer.

Not only and life has been sacrificed to the narrative of petty is the whole secret of the ancient manufacturers political events. It will be of value to those Amer. laid bare to the most casual reader, but such reconican readers who care to know tho conditions of dite matters as changes of coloring, and changes in government on this thousand-mile frontier of India. dress and style, are made plain. To do this, it was Many fine photographs of men and places accom- needful to reproduce a number of typical figurines pany the text, and an excellent map is inserted at in both monotint and color, and these numerous the end.

illustrations add immensely to the value of the book. During the last ten years, a great deal Many of the statuettes owe their birth to the period The Germans in

of attention has been paid by special which gave us the immortal bits of the anthology, Colonial times.

students of American history to what and the treasures of that work have been drawn may be called the minor race elements of Colonial upon by Miss Hutton for mutual comparison and times, and long delayed protests have been increas- elucidation, with the happiest results. Such a book ingly frequent against that method of history. has long been needed for general reference, and it writing which ascribes all the virtues of Colonial is to be hoped that it may yet be re-issued in less days to the English settlers and finds small place expensive and more popular form. for mention of representatives of other blood who helped to build the United States. “ The Germans

The sudden and vigorous growth of

A missionary in Colonial Times” (Lippincott), by Miss Lucy For

statesman of that young nation of the Pacific,

young Japan. ney Bittinger, is the latest of these protests, a com

Japan, was due to many causes not pact little volume of three hundred pages, into popularly known.

One of these was the presence which is crowded a vast amount of interesting in

in that land, at critical moments, of sturdy and formation regarding the early German immigrants. level-headed foreigners. Dr. William Elliot Griffis The conditions in the homeland which led to the in his “ Verbeck of Japan: A Citizen of No Counmovement of population are shown, a religious try” (Revell) has opened our eyes to see one of condition and a social one, aud then, step by step

tbose characters. Dr. Guido F. Verbeck entered and colony by colony, the author describes the Japan in 1859 and gave nearly forty years of his various German bodies, many of them small relig- life to the Japanese. He went out as a missionary, ious sects, Mennonites, Dunkers, Salzburgers, Mo- but his success as a teacher, his wisdom as a man of rarians and the like, who settled here and there affairs, and his influence as an adviser, soon secured from Maine to Georgia, called locally “Pennsyl

for him unwonted power with those in authority in vania Dutch," and yet having many common char

the dawn of Japan's modern history. A number acteristics wherever found. The trials and tribu

of the chief authorities of state in the young govlations of these immigrants are clearly shown, one

ernment had been his former pupils and wisely interesting chapter being on the “ Redemptioners," looked upon him as their best adviser; so that in which it appears that the lot of an indented when the constitution of the country was finally servant was often a hard one. A chronological cast, Dr. Verbeck was probably next to the dictator table shows that the German influence was mani.

of its articles. Then, too, the educational policy fested for exactly a century before the treaty of

of Japan, and its relation to foreign culture, to the Paris of 1783, the first company, the one which

arts and sciences, was largely shaped by the wislocated at Germantown, coming in 1683. A quite dom of this same Americanized Dutchman. Dr. extensive bibliography indicates wide reading. The

Griffis has given us a noble portrait of this devoted writer undoubtedly performed a labor of love in missionary.statesman, who molded in a very definite the preparation of her material, and her heart was manner the new empire of the Pacific. full of desire to make the best case for her friends.

The life of Naturally there are some faults due to over-enthu

An auspicious and appropriate be

an English siasm, and in some places the book lacks exact anti-slavery ginning to a new biographical series

agitator. references and foot-notes, but it is none the less a

of “Saintly Lives” (Dutton) is welcome addition to the literature of Colonial times,

made in Mrs. Anna M. Stoddard's life of Elizabeth and a valuable handbook regarding one important

Pease Nichol. Mrs. Nichol was known to all antirace-element in our cosmopolitan national character.

slavery agitators in the English-speaking world as

one of that devoted few who swayed the voice and A study of

In his preface to Miss C. A. Hutton's the heart of England away from mere interests of Greek terracotta interesting monograph on “Greek

greed in the struggle between the North and the statuettes.

Terracotta Statuettes ” (Macmillan) South, and turned the popular English derision of Dr. A. S. Murray, keeper of classical antiquities in Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation into mighty the British Museum, states that, while anyone with mass-meetings of praise to the Divine Providence the slightest artistic perception can enjoy the beauty which had rid the world of its greatest curse. Elizaof these dainty figurines, it is needful to share in beth Pease was born in 1807, was married to ProMiss Hutton's unusual erudition if one is to step fessor John Pringle Nichol in 1853, and died soon beyond this, and understand how they were made, after her ninetieth birthday, in 1897. She was of and when, and where, and why. To these questions | Quaker lineage, and consecrated almost from birth

to the cause of the hopeless and oppressed, an an- lated by Dean Henry Carrington. We need not in this nointing which she never forgot. The story of her connection discourse upon the necessary limitations of long and noble life, with its eager sympathy and

verse translation, for they are well understood. What deep devotion to immutable truths, is well-told in

is important to say is that the present translator is Mrs. Stoddard's volume.

thoroughly familiar with his material, and that the deft

poetical touch of his versions is often remarkable. His We are glad to be lectured gently

range is wide, and almost every French lyrist of imPleasant essays on our follies and vanities and on

portance is represented by one or more examples. on familiar themes.

“ The Foundations of Botany," by Mr. Joseph Y. things having to do in general with the old subject of the conduct of life, when the

Bergen, is a text-book published by Messrs. Gion & Co.

It is written upon the general plan of the author's teaching to which we must listen is as genial and

earlier “Elements of Botany,” but gives greatly inkindly, as full of a simple and wholesome wisdom,

creased attention to laboratory work and the study of as is that of Mr. Edward Sandford Martin's “ Lucid

cryptogams. The text proper occupies upwards of Intervals ” (Harper). The chapters on “Children," four hundred pages, and to this is appended a “ Key and “Swains and Damsels,” “Husbands and Wives,” Flora” of two hundred and fifty pages more. In the “Education,” “ Riches," and the five more that latter section about seven hundred species, wild and make up the book are devoted to the comfortable

cultivated, are included, which makes such an appendix optimism of a man who has known how to accept really worth while. The directions for experimental things as they are and be happy. The subjects

work are abundant and explicit, and the volume has

hundreds of illustrations in the text, besides a dozen touched upon are old and the possibility of saying

or so full-page plates. The book is thoroughly scienanything new upon them does not promise much,

tific in method, and presents the subject in the most but the racy freshness of treatment, and the pleas. attractive way. antly pervasive quality of the author's personality, Mr. W. H. Mallock has tried an interesting experigives them new color and interest. The book has ment, although one not brought to a particularly happy a goodly number of taking illustrations and is at- issue, in his little book entitled “Lucretius on Life and tractively bound.

Death in the Metre of Omar Khayyam.” The similarity The Colonial woman, as an object

of spirit between the Persian and the Roman poet is Ton women of

sufficient to justify this effort, but if there be some of interest to her bustling and amColonial times.

suggestions of the unsophisticated Omar in Mr. Malbitious descendants, is still having lock's quatrains, there is nothing of the peculiar quality her innings, and therefore the pretty volume entitled that FitzGerald gave to his immortal paraphrase. Mr. “Dames and Daughters of Colonial Days" (Crow- Mallock bas produced about a hundred quatrains, and ell), by Miss Geraldine Brooks, will doubtless find has appended the original texts upon which they are favor with readers of books of its class. It contains based. Mr. John Lane publishes the volume. ten simply-written sketches of notable women, the Mr. John Kenyon Kilbourn has compiled a volume list beginning with the “first of American club

on the “Faiths of Famous Men in their Own Words” women,” Anne Hutchinson, and closing with Sally (Henry T. Coates & Co.), which shows vast industry

but less judgment. Of its ten chapters, four are upon Wister, of Pennsylvania, a charming Quakeress

the Millenium, the Intermediate State, the Resurrecwhose life, says Dr. Weir Mitchell, “must have

tion, and Heaven, although only about a third of the been a joy to itself and others.” The characters

book itself is given to these subjects. The famous men chosen for treatment collectively represent a wide who write upon such subjects are somewhat unknown. territorial range, and the flavor of the short story Grover Cleveland, it is true, is quoted under the Milimparted to the sketches will commend them to lenium, but bis words have to do with the disarmament readers in quest of entertainment.

of nations. Indeed, the author has a most catholic estimate of fame and bas admitted many men — mostly clergymen — of whom the careless world bas little

heard. Yet, the volume is full of interest, and we doubt BRIEFER MENTION.

not will serve a useful purpose in furnishing preachers

with apt quotations. The finest craft of the bookmaker is exhibited in the The admirable series of “ Beacon Biographies” is latest volume by “ E. V. B.,entitled “Sylvana's Let- being supplemented by a similar series of small volumes ters to an Unknown Friend” (Macmillan). The paper called the “Westminster Biographies” (Small, Mayis of the best, the print is large and enticing to the eye, nard & Co.), dealing with prominent Englisbmen. The and photographic illustrations are lavishly interspersed two volumes upon John Wesley by Mr. Frank Banfield with the letter-press. The delights of gardening are and Adam Dancan, Lord Camperdown, by Mr. H. L. the prolific theme of the writer, who has means and Wilson, are good illustrations of what biographical leisure to indulge to the utmost her taste for floriculture. sketches should be. The problems facing the two A gentle sympathy follows her record of the flowers writers were precisely opposite. The material at hand that pass in lovely procession through the fertile months for the biography of Wesley is voluminous, while in of the year. A little more life and warmth in her the case of Duncan it is strangely scauty. Each author, descriptions would relieve them of a possible accusation however, maintains the perspective of his subject's of monotony.

life and has incidentally given us a good many sideThe Oxford University Press have published an lights upon the England of their day. This historical “ Anthology of French Poetry,” including examples all treatment is especially prominent in Mr. Wilson's the way down from the tenth century to the last, trans- sketch of Duncan.