The Danish monarchy is a purely agricultural country, the far greater number of the people being occupied in the cultivation of the land, and in the simple employments necessary to meet the more immediate wants of the agricultural districts. The town and country population of the monarchy is divided as follows:

There being no coal, and but little water-power in the country, the manufactories of any description are but few in number, and of small extent.

The proportionate increase in the population of the several divisions of the monarchy has been, since the former census in the year 1855, as follows:

In the Kingdom of Denmark 100,701 individuals, or 6-71 per cent.

Duchy of Schleswig

14.047

3.55

29

Duchy of Holstein

Duchy of Lauenburg

In

In Denmark the increase has been larger in the towns, in particular the commercial towns, than in the country districts. Copenhagen it has been 8:05 per cent., in the other commercial towns together 10-29 per cent., whilst in the country districts it has only been 5.99 per cent.

In the Duchy of Schleswig, on the contrary, the increase in population has been larger in the country districts than in the towns, viz. :

In the villages

country districts

commercial towns

In the Duchy of Holstein the increase has likewise been greatest

The titles of nobility in the kingdom of Denmark are only two, Count, or Earl, and Baron; but there is a large untitled noblesse, consisting of the most ancient families in the country, which rank higher in public estimation than many of the modern houses ennobled by the crown. Richer in titles and much more numerous are the patrician families in the duchies, forming a distinct class, with many aristocratic privileges. The soil of Denmark is greatly subdivided, owing partly to the state of the law, which interdicts the union of small farms into larger estates, but encourages, in various ways, the parcelling out of landed property. In consequence, the number of small proprietors is increasing from year to year, and the number of great landowners decreasing in proportion. Of the latter class, there were 7,959 in 1834, and only 5,790 in 1860, while of the former the numbers were-87,867 in 1834, and 135,933 in 1860.*

The production and consumption of spirits is very considerable, but has been decreasing of late. The quantity of spirits manufactured, chiefly from native grain and potatoes, in the year 1860, was 2,648,864 pots, or 562,885 gallons less than in the previous year. The quantity consumed in the country is very large, being calculated at 4 gallons for Denmark, 24 for Schleswig, and 1 for Holstein per individual.†

sus.

6

The occupations of the people are stated as follows in the last cenOut of an average of 1,000 people, 395 live exclusively by agriculture; 228 by manufactures and trades; 187 are day labourers; 53 are commercial men; 29 mariners; 20 paupers; 16 ministers and schoolmasters, or connected with education; 15 pensioners, or people living on aftagt' (an allowance to those who cede their farms from old age, &c.); 13 servants; between 11 and 12 hold appointments in the civil offices; 9 are commissioned and non-commissioned officers in the army and navy; 9 capitalists; 7 follow scientific and literary pursuits (including students at the Universities); about 5 have no fixed means of living; and a little over 1 are in prison for crimes or misdemeanours. The increase in the population by births has, on an average, been at the rate of 165 children to every 1,000 women between 20 and 50 years of age. Out of the above number of children, 1 in every 10 or 11 has been illegitimate, and between 4 and 5 per cent. still-born.

*Annuaire des deux Mondes, 1861, p. 405.

Report of Her Majesty's Foreign Consuls, 1862.

Trade and Commerce.

The official value of the combined imports and exports of the Danish monarchy, in the years 1853-61, was, in millions rixdollars:

In 1861, the value of the imported merchandise amounted to 62,391,035 rixdollars, or 6,806,3031., and the exports to 40,315,796 rixdollars, or 4,398,0791.

The following were the principal articles imported into the Danish monarchy in the year 1861, and exported during the same period to England:*

The value of the exports to the principal trading countries was

The total value of the imports in 1861 amounted to 62,391,035 rixdollars, or 7,063,1367., which was 2,639,098 rixdollars, or 298,7667., more than in 1860. The total weight of articles imported was likewise larger, being 65,808,595 lbs., or 32,954 tons more than the previous year.

The proportionate amounts of the imports for the different divisions of the monarchy were

The total value of the exports for the whole monarchy amounted in 1862 to 38,658,524 rxdrs., or 4,295,3921., being 72,6487. less than in 1861.

The value of the imports amounted to 66,387,343 rxdrs., or 7,376,3721., being 8,1647. less than the previous year.

These fell on the different divisions of the country in the following ratio :

The deficiency fell upon the Kingdom and the Duchy of Schleswig ; the Duchy of Holstein having had an increase of 57,000l. on the value of the imports, and 122,000l. on the exports.

The value of the imported articles from the principal foreign countries was as follows:

The exports to Great Britain in 1861 were in value 124,000l. less; *Commercial Reports received at the Foreign Office from Her Majesty's Consuls.