302 n; diplomatic importance of| question of, addressed to Bel- gian regarding neutrality, 311-316, 332 n; the question of, to Belgium and its reply, 316-318, 332 n; asks assurance of Belgium regard- ing resistance, 318-320; Lichnow- sky incident (guaranty by England of neutrality of France), 328-336, 355 n, 358-359 n; protests against German detention of English ves- sels, 336-337; on Luxemburg neu- trality, 338-339; agreement to France to protect French coasts, 339-352; England's interest and ob- ligation to protect France (speech in Commons Aug. 3), 345-351; nature of Anglo-French Entente (speech in Commons, Aug. 3), 351-352; neutrality of Belgium (speech in Commons, Aug. 3), 353- 360, 620; Conybeare's arraign- ment of, 357-359 n; unjustly as sailed, 359 n; statement (1913) regarding Belgian neutrality, 401- 402; authorizes statement (Jan. 27) commenting on Chancellor's associated press interview, 406- 407 n; call upon Belgium to defend neutrality, 435; Bethmann-Holl- weg discusses statement of, con- cerning Belgian neutrality, 455 n; effect of warning to Germany, 487; sane conduct of English policy, 491; attitude regarding German invasion of Belgium, 526; diplo- macy of, 527; considers action of Russia defensive, 527; statement of, regarding intervention, persi- flage, 527; admirable diplomacy of, analyzed, 528. Grotius: 316.
Gruic, General Secretary of the Ser- vian Foreign Office: 49 n. Guardian, Manchester: 309 n, 313 n, 360-361 n. Guaranty: Grey proposal for collec- tive, of powers, 239-242; of powers to Áustria and Russia, 265-266; England's obligation in regard to Belgium, 386; of neutrality, obli- gation to make good, 387 ff.; of Belgian neutrality, England will not violate first, 401; of England and France under Treaty of (1839), 405; nature of collective,
applying to Luxemburg, 423; col- lective, opinion of Milovanovitch, 424 n.
Hague Conventions: application of, to neutralization of Belgium, 391 n; Belgian Government de- clares resistance under, not hostile act, 440; of 1907 relative to set- tlement of international disputes (text), 651; of 1907 relative to the opening of hostilities, 87-88, 352 n; (text), 651. Hague Tribunal: decision of Casa- blanca affair, 19; Servia offers to submit dispute with Austria to, 64-65.
Hansard: Parliamentary Debates, 606-624.
Hardie, Keir: interrogates Grey in Parliament Aug. 27, 302 n, 358- 359 n; Grey answers, 301-303 n. Hare, Francis: The Barrier Treaty vindicated, 598.
Havenith, Belgian Minister at Wash- ington: transmits a statement of Belgian Government regarding Anglo-Belgian conversations, 407- 408; statement regarding the pub- lication of the Belgian documents with explanation by Dr. Dern- burg, 635.
Heads of state: direct action by, 252-253 n.
Heeringen, von, German Minister of War: neutrality of Belgium, 322.
Helfferich, German Secretary of the Treasury: "menace allemande," 150 n; authenticity of F. Y. B., 155-156 n; why France assured Russia of support, 165-166 n, 296 n, 306 n; the peace of_the world vs. the Entente, 312 n; Eng- land's provisional declaration of war, 352 n. Hengelmuller, Baron L.: reason for England's intervention, 443. Henry, Prince, of Prussia: telegraphs King George (July 30), 329-330. Herzegovina: see Bosnia and Herze- govina.
Hill, David Jayne: neutrality of Belgium, 382; nature of neutrality, 638.
Hohenburg, Duchess of: 34, 76 n. Holland: Congress of Vienna (1815) gives Belgium to, 5; Belgium re- volts from, 5; Germany ready to give conditional pledge regarding neutrality of, 297; mobilization of, 310 n; attitude towards the treaty of 1839, 389; violation of the neu- trality of, by England, 410; atti- tude towards defense of Belgian neutrality, 411; colonial posses- sions of, 505; England's attitude in case of, 526; Barrier Treaty of 1709 with England, 596, 598. Holls; Peace Conference at The Hague: 539.
Home Rule Bill: amending of, 308. Hostage: Germany plans to make
France, for Russia, 488. Hostilities: Hague Convention of 1907 relative to the opening of, 87- 88, 352 n, 651. Humanity: interests of, sacrificed to narrow nationalism, 496; basis of the unity of, 509–510.
International court: establishment of, 501 n. International disputes: Hague Con- vention of Oct. 18, 1907, relative to settlement of, 651. Internationalism: development of, 496; German attitude in regard to, 513.
International law: importance of forms and courtesies to, 77 n; duty of all states to prevent invasion of Belgium, 390-391; enforcing of, 391; sanctions of, 392; status of neutrality according to, 393; method of growth of (Westlake), 393 n; fundamental principles of, 453-456; practical nature of, 455; penalty for violation, 456; Ger- many sacrifices, to strategic con- siderations, 480-481; Bismarck's example encourages to violation of, 494; German attitude tends to minimize, 504; German view of, an anachronism, 513.
International police (see also Peace Power): 500; dangers of, 501 n.
Ideals: maintenance of, 450; survival Intervention: mediation distin-
Imperator, the: 310 n.
Indemnization: Austria requires of Servia, 234 n, 263. Independence: of states, German in- vasion of Belgium violates princi- ple of, 390-391; of Belgium, resist- ance necessary to preserve, 453; of Servia, Italy interested in preserv- ing, 461; of Servia, Austrian inten- tions concerning, 525; difference between formal and real, 483. India: 10-11.
"Influenced": (territories of the em- pire states), 497. Intention: of France to invade Bel- gium, 488 n; of France made justi- fication of German violation, 419-
421. Intermediate military preparation: see Military preparations bilization.
International commission: to control police inquiry in Servia, 242. International Conciliation Pamphlet (no. 84): Speech of von Bethmann- Hollweg in Reichstag Aug. 4, 145– 146 n. International coöperation: 513.
guished from diplomatic, 205, 244 n, 279; covers political de- signs, 392; armed, hastened by destruction of Maine (1898) and assassination of Arch-Duke (1914), 583-585.
Intervention of England: see Eng- land's Intervention. Inviolability of private property at sea: 503-504.
Ireland: political situation in, 308. Ischl: 61.
Isvolsky, Russian Ambassador at Paris.
Italia irredenta: 457.
Italian Minister for Foreign Affairs: see San Guiliano.
Italy (see also Casus fœderis - San Giuliano - Triple Alliance): joins Germany and Austria in Triple Alliance (1883), 8; irritated by Austrian annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 21, 457; policy of expansion, 24-25; deserts allies to wage Turco-Italian War (1911- 12), 25-26; acquires Tripoli and Cyrenaica, 26; works with Austria against Servia and Montenegro, 28-29; designs of, upon Albania,
32, 41; refuses (1913) to join in aggression upon Servia, 35, 470- 471; kept ignorant regarding Aus- trian ultimatum, 45, 120-121, 467-468; joins Entente powers in endeavors to extend time limit of Austrian ultimatum, 61, 270; min- ister for Foreign Affairs of, criti- cizes Austria for rejecting Servian note, 75; urges Germany and Aus- tria to take favorable view of Servian note, 83; believes Austria determined to punish Servia, 83; a possible mediator, 193-194; plan for mediation, 234-236; urges England to declare herself on side of France and Russia, 277-278; remains neutral, 347, 467-473; takes her place in European con- cert (1867), 423; desire for peace, 457-462; obligation to stand with allies, 460; Russian efforts to de- tach from Triplice (Price), 461 n; coöperation with England, 465- 467, 490; attitude of observation likely, 468-469; Germany asks intentions of (Aug. 1), 469-470; considers Austrian action aggres- sive, 470; significance of attitude of, as showing Austro-German aggression, 472-473; not bound by Triple Alliance to join war against England (Thayer), 473; balances between Entente and triplice, 478 n; restricted by Triple Alli- ance in action upon Germany, 490 n.
Jagow, von, German Secretary for Foreign Affairs: on Austrian ulti- matum, 56, 119–120; declares Aus- trian intentions on Servia, 58; passes on suggestion to secure ex- tension of time limit at Vienna, 61; believes Russia will not move, 102; on Russian mobilization "against Germany,' 133, 139-140; says conference not practical, 208-209; objects to grouping of Entente against Triplice, 209; thinks Cam- bon suggestion may be acceptable, 236-237; refuses to accept Grey proposal until Russia answers ultimatum, 241-242; on England's refusal of Germany's bid for neu-
trality, 300; on Belgian neutrality, (Reichstag, April, 1913), 321-322; final interviews with Goschen, (Aug. 4), 363-365; apology of, to Goschen, 367-368; interview with the Belgian Minister, 436-438. James, Henry: on violation of Bel- gian neutrality, 314 n.
Japan: enters into alliance with England (1902), 12; effect of war with, on Russia, 188, 195; treaty with Russia guaranteeing the pres- ent territory of each, the integrity of China and the "Open Door" in China, 550; agreement with Rus- sia concerning Manchuria, 551; care for British interests, 498; agreement with Great Britain, 1911 (text), 541-542.
Jaurès: assassinated (July 31, 1914), 308 n.
Johnstone, Sir A., British Minister to Luxemburg.
Johnston, Sir Harry; Colonial Devel- opment and Removal of Conflicting Interests: 566.
Joint intervention: see Collective action.
Jougo-Slave: see Southern Slav. Journal des Débats, Paris: 174 n, 265 n.
Jovanovitch, Servian Minister at Vienna: predicts Austria's action on Serajevo crime, 42-43 n, 47- 48; recounts attack on Servian flag in Vienna, 88 n.
Jowett, B.: extract from Thucydides, 645.
Jungbluth, General: 396 ff.
Kaiser of Germany: see William II. Kamerun: 24. Karageorgevich: 76 n. Kazan: 111, 135. Khedive of Egypt: 11. Kiderlen-Waechte: 155-156 n. Kieff: 110, 135.
Kitchener: 11, 342-343 n. Klobukowski, French Minister at Brussels: on intention of France regarding defense of Belgium, 327-328.
Koelnische Zeitung: 323 n, 446 n. Korea: 12. Kovno: 111.
Kriegsgefahr (see also Mobilization): | defined, 141, 170-171; proclaimed July 31, 138, 141, 170–171, 184, 193. Kriegsraison: 504 n. Kriegsverlauf: 409 n.
Kudachef, Russian Chargé d'Affaires and Councilor of Embassy at Vi- enna: on Austrian Ultimatum, 55; consults with Count Berchtold, 96-97. Kuhlmann, Baron: Councilor of the German Embassy in London: com- muniqué of, to press (Aug. 3), 360- 361.
La Fère: 413 n. Lansdowne: Asquith, 343. Laon: 413 n.
favored by London Times, 126, 128 n; Grey and P. Cambon on, 130 n, 278; Germany insists upon, 126-130, 149-150, 158-159; Spa- laikovitch on, 129 n; Russia will be responsible for failure of (Ger- many), 131-133, 151, 153; Ger- many asks French intervention with Russia regarding, 151-155; Echo de Paris concerning, 150; Bienvenu-Martin on, 163-164 n; France will support Russia (July 29), 163-166; Germany declares war on Russia, 143–145. Lockal Anzeiger: 125, 157, 168. Lorraine: see Alsace-Lorraine.
pledges support to Louis XIV: 9.
Law, A. Bonar: pledges support to Asquith, 343.
Law of Nations: see International law.
Laws of War: (see also International law): Germany considers Kriegs- raison superior to, 504. Liao-tung: 12.
Liberal Party (England): 309. Lichnowsky, Prince, German Ambas-
sador at London: anxiety of, 63, 158; urges localization, 211; per- sonal bid of, for England's neu- trality, 300-303, 357-359 n; com- muniqué to press Aug. 3, 303, 360-361; mistake of, regarding guaranty by England of French neutrality, 328-336, 355 n, 358- 359 n; Shaw on, 356 n. Liège: 362.
Limburg: treaty of the powers (May 11, 1867) relative to the Duchy of, 603.
Limitation of armament: see Dis- armament.
Lincoln: as example for German youth, 494.
Literary Digest: (Delbrück): 560. Lloyd George: 23, 73 n, 76 n; speech on Austrian ultimatum and Serv- ian reply (text), 586. Localization of Austro-Servian con- flict (see also Austrian Ultimatum Mobilization, German - Mo- bilization, Russian): possible (Aus- tria and Germany), 101-103, 105; impossible (Russia), 99, 105-111;
Ludwig, Ernest: 72 n. Luxemburg: treaty of powers guar- anteeing neutrality of (text), 603; declarations (1870) of France and Prussia to respect neutrality of (text), 605; German military prep- arations extend from, 169; invaded by Germany, 337-338; English interpretation of treaty guaran teeing neutrality of, 338-339, 423- 429; history of, 422-423; violation of the neutrality of, 422-431; col- lective guaranty of neutrality of, 423; law of succession to, 424; in- vasion of, Germany considers not hostile but preventive act, 430, 529; Germany's invasion of, act of war against France, 521; Parlia mentary Debate on the neutrality of, 606.
Macchio, Baron von, Under Secre- tary of the Austro-Hungarian For- eign Office: "Interest an excuse for not being courteous," 77 n. MacDonald, J. Ramsay: attack upon Grey, 302 n. Macedonia: 19, 26-27, 124. Mach, Dr. Edmund von; What Ger- many wants: 130 n, 135 n, 401, 485 n.
Magyars: place in Austro-Hungarian state, and Dual Alliance, 8; Franz Ferdinand's plans regarding, 32-
Mahommedans: 23, 91. Mail, London Daily: 309 n. Maine, The: 95; negotiations of the Spanish and American Govern-
ments following the destruction of, 579. Manchuria: agreement between Rus- sia and Japan concerning (text), 551.
sador at London: on Servian note, 71 n; on Austrian policy toward Mental mobilization: in time of war, Servia, 89. 510.
Messimy, Former French Minister for War.
Meuse Valley: 323, 413 n. Metz: 169-170. Michigan Law Review: 504. Mignet, F. A.: Négociations relatives Mikado of Japan: 12. à la Succession d'Espagne, 595. Milhaud, Edg.: 325 n.
insist upon mobilization, 250; pe- Military economy: determined by culiar view of military men, 405 n. Military preparations: in Germany political situation, 179-190. and France, 166-174; intermedi- ate, 183-184; suspension of, by powers, 259; Anglo-Belgian (text of secret documents regarding), Milovanovitch: opinion of, concern- 626. Minister, see English, French, Ger- ing collective guaranty, 424 n. Ministerial Council, Russian: 192. man, etc., minister. "Mobilitis": Europe afflicted with, 184-185.
Marchand, Captain: 11. Maubeuge: presence of British troops and stores at, 421. Mediation (see also Conference): distinction between, and interven- tion, 205 n, 244 n, 279; Hague Convention (1907) relative to (text), 651; efforts of Tsar and Kaiser toward, 112, 115, 145- 146 n, 252-254 n, 329-330; atti-Militarism: heads of German army tude of Germany toward, 158-165; renewal of, 164; England and Italy could offer, 193; of the four less interested powers, 198-200, 203- 204; between Austria and Servia, 199 n; Paul Cambon suggests de- ferring proposal of, 200; Grey guarantees France will accept, 202; Germany objects to, 205 ff.; concerning Austrian ultimatum, Berchtold refuses, 212; efforts to discover a formula for, 229-231; principle of, accepted by Germany, 231; Germany inconsistent regard- ing, 232; San Giuliano suggestions for, 234-235; Bethmann-Hollweg criticizes Grey for not continuing to press, 235; after occupation of Belgrade (Cambon), 236–239; Austria agrees to, 252-264; Berch- told does not agree to discuss mod- ification of Austrian ultimatum, 255; Tsar declares Russian troops will not attack while it continues, 255 n; if Russia arrests mobil- ization Austria will accept, 256; between Austria and Servia, pro- posal for, 258; criticism of Vivi- ani's statement concerning Rus- sia's acceptance of proposal for, 259-260 n; efforts to organize, 270-273; Germany blames Russia for mobilization during, 523; pos- sibility of England's, between Germany and Russia, 528. Mediterranean: Italy cannot control, 24; Triple Alliance does not cover, 478 n.
Melians: defend their neutrality against Athenians, 645. Mensdorff, Count, Austrian Ambas-
Mobilization: meaning and effect of,
178-181; rapidity of, 179; efforts of statesmen to withhold, 188; issuance of the general order for, 181-183; intermediate prepara- tions, 183-184; Kriegsgefahrzu- stand, nature of, 184; contagion of, 184 ff.; fatal succession of mobiliz- ations, 184-194; Germany obliged by strategic considerations to make war once mobilization be- gun, 185; German attitude to- wards Russia's partial mobiliza- tion, 191; Russia cannot permit negotiations to cover German and Austrian, 245; impossible to arrest, in middle, 250 n. Mobilization,
Austrian: Servia, 80-81, 335-336 n; how against affected by Russian mobilization, 134-136; why Russia feared, 160; previous to Russian (Viviani), 335 n; Russia cannot permit nego- tiations to cover, 245.
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