of the young men volunteered their services and marched to aid in the capture of Cornwallis."

Major-General Daniel Morgan, who commanded the army that quelled the insurrection, was born in New Jersey in 1736. His military history is familiar to every reader. Early in life he removed to Frederick, now Clark county, Virginia. In 1775, he joined Braddock's expedition as a teamster, and was wounded in the battle of Monongahela. At the outbreak of the Revolution, he left his farm in Virginia, and at the head of his famous corps of riflemen, marched to Boston, accomplishing a journey of six hundred miles in three weeks. In 1775, he accompanied Arnold on his expedition to Quebec, and was taken prisoner in the attack on that city. He was released at the close of 1776, and immediately appointed colonel of a rifle regiment, in which capacity he served in his native State in 1776-77. He with his command took a conspicuous part in the battle of Bemus Heights. In 1780 he was made Brigadier-General and transferred to the Southern army. January 17, 1781, witnessed his great victory at the Cowpens. At the close of the war he returned to his estate, Saratoga-name given in memory of the victory at that place-near Winchester. In 1794, he commanded a Virginia regiment in the expedition that suppressed the whiskey insurrection in Western Pennsylvania, after which, in 1795, he was elected to Congress and served two terms. In 1800, he removed to Winchester, where he died two years later. Around him, beneath the clods of the valley, and among the Hampshire hills, moulder in the dust the remains of those whom he led to battle, and who filled the ranks of the renowned Rifle regiment.

How many West Virginia pioneers served in the Virginia State line during this war we do not know. But it is certain that Berkeley, Hampshire, and West Augusta men were on almost every battle-field of the Revolution. The muster rolls of the 2d, 11th, and 15th Virginia regiments, together with that of Morgan's Rifle regiment are still extant, and it is safe to say that of the men composing the latter alone, there are descendants in every county of the State. An inspection of these rolls forces the conclusion that the ancestors of nearly every pioneer family of the State were Revolutionary soldiers. When the sound of war had died away, many of these old heroes found homes and lived and died within the present limits of West Virginia. Hundreds of them had marked with their blood the snows of the North, and marched and countermarched through the pestilential swamps of the South. Washington knew their character, and in 1781-one of the darkest periods of the war-when the Pennsylvania and New Jersey lines had mutinied, on being told of the efforts of a pioneer woman on the Virginia frontier to induce her sons to go to battle, he was heard to exclaim, "Leave me but a banner to place on the mountains of Augusta, and I will rally around me the men who will lift our bleeding country from the dust and set her free!"

Greenbriar county was formed in 1777, the gloomiest for the American cause of all the years of the Revolution. Colonel John Stuart, in a memoir written in 1798, on a fly-leaf of an order-book in the county clerk's office at Lewisburg, thus tells how the people of that county paid their war taxes:

"The paper money used for maintaining our war

against the British became totally depreciated, and there was not a sufficient quantity of specie in circulation to enable the people to pay the revenue tax assessed upon the citizens of the county, wherefore we fell in arrears to the public for four years. But the Assembly taking our remote situation into consideration, graciously granted the sum of £5,000 of the said arrears to be applied to the purpose of opening a road from Lewisburg to the Kanawha river. The people, grateful for such indulgences, willingly embraced the opportunity of such an offer, and every person liable for arrears of taxes agreed to perform labor equivalent on the road, and the people being divided into districts, with each a superintendent, the road was completed in the space of two months, in the year 1786, and thus was a communication by wagons to the navigable waters of the Kanawha first effected, and which will probably be found the nighest and best conveyance from the eastern to the western country that will be known."

Britain

But the final scene of the war was enacted. called her shattered regiments home, and the thirteen feeble colonies of 1776, became the recognized nation of 1783. Had Virginia performed her part in the mighty struggle? Let history answer. She was the first to adopt an independent constitution, and the first to recommend a Declaration of Independence. She sent her noble son to become the first among the leaders of the Continental army; her officers and soldiers, whom she kept in the field for eight long years, ever evinced unsurpassed bravery and fortitude. She contributed the eloquence of Henry, the pen of

Jefferson, and the sword of Washington. What other American State has such a record?

Of the men composing the Virginia line during that struggle, many hundreds were daring pioneers from her western frontier. Many of them found graves and crumbled to dust on the hills and in the valleys of West Virginia. Their very names have been consigned to oblivion, but their memory will live as long as the records of the Revolution are cherished by a free people-free because of the valorous services of these men and their compatriots in arms.

CHAPTER XI.

MILITARY OPERATIONS ON THE BORDER FROM

1777 TO 1795.

West Virginia at the Close of the Revolution-Western Outposts of Civilization -Forts, Stockades, and Block Houses-The Indians Besiege Fort HenryMurder of Cornstalk at Point Pleasant-Attempt to Punish his MurderersMilitary Movements in the Ohio Valley-Expedition of General McIntosh, with Biographical Notice-Fatal Ambuscade at Point Pleasant-Siege of Fort Randolph-General Clarke's Illinois Campaign-Expedition of Colonel Daniel Brodhead-Colonel David Williamson's March to the West and Murder of the Moravian Indians-Colonel William Crawford's Expedition and his Terrible Fate-Campaign of General Harmar-St. Clair's Defeat-Battle of Fallen Timbers-Wayne's Treaty with the Indians.

A GLANCE at that part of Virginia's western domain. now included within the limits of West Virginia, at the close of the Revolution, cannot fail to be of interest. In 1784, there were but five counties in all that territory: Hampshire and Berkeley, formed before the war began, and Monongalia, Ohio, and Greenbrier, created during its continuance. The log-cabin of the pioneer dotted the landscape along the banks and in the valleys of the South Branch, Cacapon, and Opequon rivers, and columns of smoke rising above the primeval forest, indicated his place of habitation on the upper tributaries of the Monongahela. Other adventurers had pushed farther west, and reared the standard of civilization on the banks of the Ohio, while at the same time frontiersmen from Augusta passed over the Alleghenies and found homes in the Greenbrier valley and on Muddy creek, Indian creek, and other tributaries