otherwise provided for; but the aggregate amount of such debts, direct and contingent, whether contracted by virtue of one or more acts of the general assembly, or at different periods of time, shall never exceed seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars; and the money, arising from the creation of such debts, shall be applied to the purpose for which it was obtained, or to repay the debts so contracted, and to no other purpose whatever.

2. In addition to the above limited power, the state may contract debts to repel invasion, suppress insurrection, defend the state in war, or to redeem the present outstanding indebtedness of the state; but the money, arising from the contracting of such debts, shall be applied to the purpose for which it was raised, or to repay such debts, and to no other purpose whatever; and all debts, incurred to redeem the present outstanding indebtedness of the state, shall be so contracted as to be payable by the sinking fund, hereinafter provided for, as the same shall accumulate.

3. Except the debts above specified in sections one and two of this article, no debt whatever shall hereafter be created by, or on behalf of, the state.

4. The credit of the state shall not, in any manner, be given or loaned to, or in aid of, any individual association or corporation whatever; nor shall the state ever hereafter become a joint owner, or stockholder, in any company or association, in this state, or elsewhere, formed for any purpose whatever.

5. The state shall never assume the debts of any county, city, town, or township, or of any corporation whatever, unless such debt shall have been created to repel invasion, suppress insurrection, or defend the state in war.

6. The general assembly shall never authorize any county, city, town, or township, by vote of its citizens, or otherwise, to become a stockholder in any joint-stock company, corporation, or association whatever; or to raise money for, or loan its credit to, or in aid of, any such company, corporation, or association.

7. The faith of the state being pledged for the payment of its public debt, in order to provide therefor, there

shall be created a sinking fund, which shall oe sufficient to pay the accruing interest on such debt, and annually to reduce the principal thereof by a sum not less than one hundred thousand dollars, increased yearly, and each and every year, by compounding, at the rate of six per cent. per annum. The said sinking fund shall consist of the net annual income of the public works and stocks owned by the state, or any other funds or resources that are, or may be, provided by law, and of such further sum, to be raised by taxation, as may be required for the purposes aforesaid.

8. The auditor of state, secretary of state, and attorneygeneral, are hereby created a board of commissioners, to be styled "The Commissioners of the Sinking Fund."

9. The commissioners of the sinking fund shall, immediately preceding each regular session of the general assembly, make an estimate of the probable amount of the fund provided for in the seventh section of this article, from all sources except from taxation, and report the same, together with all their proceedings relative to said fund and the public debt, to the governor, who shall transmit the same, with his regular message, to the general assembly; and the general assembly shall make all necessary provision for raising and disbursing said sinking fund, in pursuance of the provisions of this article.

10. It shall be the duty of the said commissioners faithfully to apply said fund, together with all moneys that may be, by the general assembly, appropriated to that object, to the payment of the interest, as it becomes due, and the redemption of the principal of the public debt of the state, excepting only the school and trust funds held by the state.

11. The said commissioners shall, semi-annually, make a full and detailed report of their proceedings to the governor, who shall immediately cause the same to be published, and shall also communicate the same to the general assembly, forthwith, if it be in session, and if not, then at its first session after such report shall be made.

12. So long as this state shall have public works, which require superintendence, there shall be a board of public

works, to consist of three members, who shall be elected by the people, at the first general election after the adoption of this constitution, one for the term of one year, one for the term of two years, and one for the term of three years; and one member of said board shall be elected annually thereafter, who shall hold his office for three years.

13. The powers and duties of said board of public works and its several members, and their compensation, shall be such as now are, or may be, prescribed by law.

ARTICLE 9.-Militia.

1. All white male citizens, residents of this state, being eighteen years of age, and under the age of fortyfive years, shall be enrolled in the militia, and perform military duty, in such manner, not incompatible with the constitution and laws of the United States, as may be prescribed by law.

2. Majors-general, brigadiers-general, colonels, lieutenant-colonels, majors, captains, and subalterns, shall be elected by the persons subject to military duty, in their respective districts.

3. The governor shall appoint the adjutant-general, quartermaster-general, and such other staff officers as may be provided for by law. Majors-general, brigadiersgeneral, colonels or commandants of regiments, battalions, or squadrons, shall, severally, appoint their staff, and captains shall appoint their non-commissioned officers and musicians.

4. The governor shall commission all officers of the line and staff, ranking as such, and shall have power to call forth the militia, to execute the laws of the state, to suppress insurrection and repel invasion.

5. The general assembly shall provide by law for the protection and safe-keeping of the public arms.

ARTICLE 10.-County and Township Organizations.

1. The general assembly shall provide, by law, for the election of such county and township officers as may be necessary.

2. County officers shall be elected on the second Tuesday of October, until otherwise directed by law, by the qualified electors of each county, in such manner, and for such term, not exceeding three years, as may be provided by law.

3. No person shall be eligible to the office of sheriff, or county treasurer, for more than four years in any period of six years.

4. Township officers shall be elected on the first Monday of April, annually, by the qualified electors of their respective townships, and shall hold their offices for one year, from the Monday next succeeding their election, and until their successors are qualified.

5. No money shall be drawn from any county or township treasury, except by authority of law.

6. Justices of the peace, and county and township officers, may be removed, in such manner and for such cause, as shall be prescribed by law.

7. The commissioners of counties, the trustees of townships, and similar boards, shall have such power of local taxation, for police purposes, as may be prescribed by law.

ARTICLE 11.-Apportionment.

1. The apportionment of this state for members of the general assembly shall be made every ten years, after the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, in the following manner: The whole population of the state, as ascertained by the federal census, or in such other mode as the general assembly may direct, shall be divided by the number "One hundred," and the quotient shall be the ratio of representation in the house of representatives for ten years next succeeding such apportionment.

2. Every county, having a population equal to one-half of said ratio, shall be entitled to one representative; every county, containing said ratio, and three-fourths over, shall be entitled to two representatives; every county, containing three times said ratio, shall be entitled to three representatives and so on, requiring after the first two an entire ratio for each additional representative.

3. When any county shall have a fraction above the ratio, so large that, being multiplied by five, the result will be equal to one or more ratios, additional representatives shall be apportioned for such ratios, among the several sessions of the decennial period, in the following manner: If there be only one ratio, a representative shall be allotted to the fifth session of the decennial period; if there are two ratios, a representative shall be allotted to the fourth and third sessions respectively; if three, to the third, second, and first sessions respectively; if four, to the fourth, third, second, and first sessions respectively.

4. Any county forming with another county or counties a representative district during one decennial period, if it have acquired sufficient population at the next decennial period, shall be entitled to a separate representation, if there shall be left, in the district from which it shall have been separated, a population sufficient for a representative; but no such change shall be made, except at the regular decennial period for the apportionment of representatives.

5. If, in fixing any subsequent ratio, a county, previously entitled to a separate representation, shall have less than the number required by the new ratio for a representative, such county shall be attached to the county adjoining it having the least number of inhabitants; and the representation of the district so formed shall be determined as herein provided.

6. The ratio for a senator shall, forever hereafter, be ascertained by dividing the whole population of the state by the number thirty-five.

7. The state is hereby divided into thirty-three senatorial districts, as follows: The county of Hamilton shall constitute the first senatorial district; the counties of Butler and Warren, the second; Montgomery and Preble, the third; Clermont and Brown, the fourth; Greene, Clinton, and Fayette, the fifth; Ross and Highland, the sixth; Adams, Pike, Scioto, and Jackson, the seventh; Lawrence, Gallia, Meigs, and Vinton, the eighth; Athens, Hocking, and Fairfield, the ninth; Franklin and Pickaway, the tenth; Clark, Champaign, and Madison, the eleventh; Miami, Darke, and Shelby, the twelfth; Logan, Union, Marion, and Hardin, the thirteenth; Washington