exercise of ten or eight syllables, by the aid of a cadence, and with the cœsure placed, across the back at proper intervals, like the stroke of a rattan on a squad of awkward recruits. sincerely sympathise with the deep melancholy in which this poem seems to have been written. Nothing can breathe more impassioned sensibility-excepting always the Cast-away" written by Cowper, which appears to me the most affect ing lines that ever were written. I wish that any farther specimens of Mrs. O'Neill's incomparable talent conid be obtained. In the mean time allow me to communicate a few elegant lines ascribed to her pen. Yours,-A. P.

"

"Ah bounteous heav'n, who to a mother's

joy

ficial purpose as his own. The expence of maintaining a mere pleasure garden, even upon a very li mited plan, is too great for most individuals; but by this union of many proprietors, a garden is supported at a trifling expence to each, which may be enjoyed by every one in as full a degree, as if it were appropriated to his own use, with the additional pleasure that the mind feels from perceiving that others participate in its enjoyments. Thus the efforts of many become united in i s support, and give it an impulse which is scarcely to be expected where the proprietors or directors, as is often the case in public establishmeats, derive no immediate gratification from the pursuit.

The Liverpool Garden has now been open about ten years, and has

boy,

Grant that each hour encreasing I may find,

His father's virtues painted in his mind; And while, with anxious looks, I fondly

trace

The dear resemblance glowing in his face, May the sweet infant, with my milk, receive,

Such thoughts of him, as only I can give; Then shall the world in future ages see Another woman may be blest as me."

veral of the finest tropical fruits; in particular the Eugenia Jambos and the Musa Sapientum or Banana, the fruit spike of the la ter of which Several of the Palms, as the dreca Chaweighed upwards of 451b. marops, and Phonix Dactylifera, or Date-tree, called by Linnæas the princes of the vegetable world, are now rising in great splendour, some of them being from ten to twenty feet hi.h. In the Aquarium, the Cyperus Papyrus, the Egyptian Lotus, and the Water Lilies of the Eastern and Western world flourish as in their native climates; perhaps no part of the vegetable creation exceed in beauty these rich and luxuriant productions.

In the course of the late summer, we observed several piants, generally supposed not to be capable of cultivation in this climate, unless under the shelter of a conservatory, growing and flowering in the open garden, where they had stood through the preceding winter.Among these was the Yucca Fila

nemtosa, whose astonishing spike of large and beautiful flowers attracted the eye of every visitor. The accommodation of plants to climate, is an object of great importance, which has not yet been sufficiently attended to.

For the Belfast Monthly Magazine.

had to encounter, were many and formidable, among tribes scattered over a vast extent of country; and who principally depended for clothing and sustenance on the labours of the chace. And although Indian population on the western shores of the Atlantic, is considered to have been rapidly on the decrease, for more than a century, this decrease has borne but a small proportion to the

USED AFTER THE TREATY OF GREENEVILLE IN 1795, TO PROMOTE THE CIVILIZATION OF THE INDIANS, IN SOME PARTS OF NORTH AMERICA.

FRO

[From the Philanthropist.]

ROM the first settlement of Pennsylvania, the uniform attention of the society, called Quakers, to the interests of the aborigibal inhabitants, who had received the first emigrants from Europe with hospitality and kindness, bas secur ed to their posterity a degree of confidence, peculiarly favourable to the success of measures calculated to promote those interests. The tribes who are found on the Delaware, gave the name of Onas (signifying a feather) to William Penn; and that appellation has ever since been not only applied to the succeeding governois of Pennsylvania, but also frequently to those of the same religious profession. The United Erethren (called Moravians) have also signalized themselves by their disinterested labours in the instruction and improvement of the natives of that country, as well as many others, in which they have formed settlements: not has the important object wanted zealous advocates in other societies of different denominations; among which, the names of Mather, Mayhew, Elliot, Hopkins, the two Buinads, and many others, will be long honourably distinguished.

The difficulties which philanthropy

ground, either by their regular cession to foreigners, or by the forcible possession of the frontier settlers, occasioning wars, which greatly diminished their numbers. These wars were industriously promoted by the French government, with which the establishment of their claims on the western waters, had long been a favourite object. The extinction in North America, of all connection with France, by the treaty of 1763, was succeeded soon after by the r val pretensions of the British government of Canada, and of the other provinces, at that time dependent on Great Britain; and the reciprocal claims of the contending parties, as well as those of the Indians on both, for some years afterwards remaining unsettled, continued those obstacles to any systematic attempts to ameliorate the condition of the natives, which had long discouraged them, and were happily, in a considerable degree, removed by the treaty collcluded at Greeneville, in 1795. By this treaty, the boundary between the United States and the Indians northwestward of the river Ohio, was settled; and certain posts or trading stations within the country reserved by the latter, allowed to the former.

Some of the impediments before alluded to, being thus diminished, the government of the United States immediately turned its attention to the important object of reconciling the Indian nations on its extenst

frontier, to those habits of civilized life, which the contraction of their hunting grounds eastward of the Mississipi, rendered essential to their comforts; by exchanging the rifle and the tomahawk, for the impiements of busbandry*. A law for promoting that object was passed May 19, 1796; and the president empowered to appropriate 15000 dollars annually to it. The writer of this summary sincerely regrets, that although an unremitted attention to the business has been evinced by the establishment of various agencies in different parts, he is only able to furnish the information he will now introduce. The respectable agent in the Creek nation has communicated to his friend in Pennsylvania, the following intelligence:

Creek Agency, Jan. 22, 1809. "Your favour of the 22d of Qctober was received on the last of December; and my not acknowledging the receipt of it sooner, has been owing to a painful indisposition, which rendered writing difficult. This letter is the first fruit of my recovery. Just after the period of our first acquaintance, (about thirteen years ago,) I was appointed, by the president of the United States, an agent for Indian affairs, South of the Ohio, and especially charged with the plan of civilization. I have ever since been occupied in this important concern. will not give you my opinion of the plan of the missionaries heretofore sent among the Indian tribes, or of their success; nor will 1, to a man of your benevolent mind, attempt to contrast my humble occupation with the passing scenes of the civilized world but I will tell you my plan,

• See Marshall's Life of Washington, vol. v. 341, 377, 800, &c.—Also Ramsey's Life of ditto, 322, 394, &c,

I

how I have pursued it, and my pros. pect of cer.ain ultimate success.

"I began with the pastoral life, my charge being hunters. I recom mended attention to raising stock, Our particularly castle and hogs. climate suits both; and we abound, winter and summer, in grass reed, or It is not so favourable to the cane. propagation of horses, though we have great numbers of them. I next recommended agriculture and raising of fruit-trees, particularly the peach; then, domestic manufactures; then figures, and lastly, letters. I set examples in all things myself, and teach the objects of my care also by precept: I teach them morality; to be true to themselves; to respect their own rights, and those of their neighbours; and to be useful members of the planet they iahabit.

may seem meet.

Tbus acting, I have prevailed on a fourth part of my charge to leave their clustered situation in the old towns, and move out, for the greater conveniency of raising stock, and employing good land in cultivation; to make fences; to plant fruit-trees; to raise and spin cotton, and, in several instances, to weave it; to depend on their farms for food; and, aided by the wheel and the loom, for clothing: to seek, in their improvement, for the necessaries of life; and in hunting, for amusement only.

For the first three or four years I experienced a continued rudeness of

opposition In the succeeding three or four, success was slowly progressive: but even during this period, I reaped scarcely any other than a harvest of ingratitude. At length, however, by persevering in the course I had adopted, I have brought the Indian mind to yield, though slowly and reluctantly, to the evidence of facts; and the plan is now no longer problema ical.

"Several of the Indians have sowed wheat, planted fruit-trees, and used the plugh Several of them have made spinning-wheels and looms; and some weave cloth. Anong the lower Creeks, we have more than twenty looms in use; and, of these, eight were made, as well as are wrought, by the hands of Indians Of Blankets made by an Judian, superior to the Yorkshire duffell, a sample has been sent to government, and the whole process, from the sheep to the blanket, was the work of Indians, the irons for the loom excepted. We have homespun cotton cloth, of five or six hundred, equal to that of our neighbours, and the dyes and stripes, in some instances, as good: and I be lieve we have now nearly three hundred spinning wheels, occasionally in use by Indian women Although the last year was uncommonly unfavourable to raising cotton, the demand for wheels, cards, looms, plous hs, and other implements of husbandry, is greater than I can supply. Some few of the Indians have tanned leather, and made saddles. Several have made ornaments for themselves; and some butter and cheese.

field, as well as in spinning and weaving

"At the Oconnee I have a large farm, where we raise corn, peas, wheat, barley, rye, rice, oats, flax, cotton, potatoes, (sweet and Irish,) melons, punkins, turnips, &c. have peaches in great variety, and of excellent quality; and all the varieties of garden-roots and vegetables. I have a grist and a sawmill, a tan-yard, a shoe and a bootmaker, a tinman, a cooper, two wheelwrights, a cabinet-maker, an instruc tor in spinning and weaving, a loom and weaver, a set of blacksmiths, and a school-m master. We have saddlers, and shall soon have a hatter. My family of eighty persons are clothed in our own homespun. Our wool, flax and cotton, are of our own raising; as are our dye-stuffs. Our wheels and looms are also of our own manufacture; and we have introduced the flying shuttle into general use among the Indians, From this state of improvement, you will readily believe it is become the common topic of conversation among them.

"The Moravian brethren have twice sent the Rev. Mr.

on

a visit to me, with the offer of a minister of the gospel: but my opinion being that the proper time was not yet come, on my intimating that that I would accept of mechanics from them in aid of my plan, they, after consulting their brethren in Europe, sent me two; one a tinman and cooper; the other a housejoiner and wheelwright, The first finds sale for his manufactures, either with me or the Indians; and hitherto I have found a market for all the other can make. Both are exemplary in their lives, and very useful.

One is a native of Holstein, in Denmark; and the other, of Prussia, "I make figures piecede letters. Every figure presents a distinct idea

he says,

"The late arrival in this city of a deputation of Cherokee chiefs, having, from their appearance, excited considerable attention, has induced the following statement and observations relative to that nation.

"To speak generally, the progress of the useful arts, a variety of manufactures, and pursuits of agriculture, is so great amongst these people, as ought effectually to remove the prejudices that formerly existed against the Red Men of America. A person travelling through the Cherokee country, is agreeably surprized to find the cards and the spinning wheel in use, in almost every family. They raise the cotton and the indigo, spin and dye the yarn, and weave it into handsome cloth; with which they clothe their families in a decent and comfortable manner, in the habits of white people. There are more than one thousand spinning-wheels, and upwards of one hundre: looms in the Cherokee nation, which are all in use with much industry. Amongst them are found silversmiths, blacksmiths,

• Vol. xxi. p. 289.

coopers, saddlers, tanners, shoemakers, and wheelwrights: specimens of these manufactures may be seen at the house of Mr. Morin, in this city. These mechanics are principally self-taught. The plough and the hoe are in common use amongst them. By the assistance of some white men, they make large quanties of saltpetre and gun-powder; with which their own people are supplied at a much cheaper rate than formerly; and some is carried out of their country to sell to the white people in Georgia and Tenessee. They have several grist-mills, and one saw-mill. So far have they changed the hunting life, for pursuits leading to civilization; and all this has been done since the year 1794, when there was not a pair of cards, spinning-wheel or loom, or even a mechanic, in their nation. They have large stocks of black cattle, horses, and other domestic animals they make some butter; and cheese of a good quality is made in a number of families. Since

agriculture and the domestic arts have become the principal object of pursuit, their population has evidently increased.

"There are

now seven schools

in their country, where more than one hundred children are taught reading and writing, and some of them arithmetic. They are fast emerging from a state of barbarity to a state of improved and amiable so'ciety; and, under the countenance and fostering hand of the government of the United States, will become useful citizens; and will contribute no inconsiderable portion to the strength of our country, to which they are becoming every day more and more attached, from interest and affection. There has formerly existed an erroneous opinion, that the aborigines of this country could not be brought to a state of civilization.