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way. And I do honestly believe that at least one great difficulty in this matter is the opinion, so deeply rooted in American minds, of women's utter inefficiency for any thing but a parlor ornament, or a drudge in some subordinate position.

What if she did labor week after week, month | surd for her to think of doing a man's work any after month, seeing no fruit of her labors? When the Principal grew tired of seeing their faces in her room he sent them to the next, and they did well enough there. Why should she make herself unhappy about these things so long as-thanks to their influence-she retained her situation, and her monthly salary was promptly paid?

And so, baffled, discouraged, and repulsed on all sides, she had to go on in the old track, well knowing that she was merely tolerated for the sake of her friends; knowing that she was no help, but rather a hindrance, in the great cause of education; feeling herself a useless cumberer of the ground in this uncongenial life; and having in her heart a curious sort of pity for her one talent which she was thus compelled to bury out of sight. And when her monthly salary, which was so much enlarged upon, was paid to her, she received it with such mingled feeling of defiant self-scorn and humiliation as would have tempted her to cry out, “I will not accept alms, and you know I have not earned it!" but the thought of her mother, helpless and dependent, checked her words.

"I would rather dig potatoes!" you say. So would Marion; but she could not make a living for her mother and herself by digging potatoes. She might learn the milliner trade. But, in the first place, she would have to give from eight months to a year of her time without pay or recompense; and after that she would have work six or perhaps eight months in the year, at wages ranging from four to seven dollars per week as she grew more skillful. And this to supply two persons with food and clothing, rent, fuel, and all other necessaries.

This case is one of very many. But, as I have stated it, it may serve to illustrate the difficulties which beset a woman whenever she attempts to leave the beaten path. Although it has been clearly and conclusively demonstrated that women could do as well, if not better, than men in many of the trades and professions that, so far, have been given up entirely to men, yet let a woman try to enter one of these unaccustomed ways, and up starts my Lord High Fiddlesticks with the old cry, 66 Keep her out! Keep her out! She wants our breeches!" It is utterly useless for her to assure him that she has no design upon the aforesaid garment, but only wants bread. "If she only wants bread," he asks, "then why don't she go to the Giant's Tread-mill, where her sisters are? It really is not the thing, you know, to be trying to get away from that ancient and time-honored institution, clamoring for an equal chance with men to earn her bread. It is not at all the way to be appreciated by the nobler sex."

What if the tread-mill is already crowded even to suffocation, still you know it is what she was born for; and if this excess of work-women enables the giant to bring the wages down to the starving-point, yet a true woman will starve quietly and say nothing about it. It is too ab

This idea, however, is politely veiled under the pretext of an anxious solicitude for the preservation of her purity and delicacy, and a desire to shield her from rude contact with the world; and a great deal of nonsense is talked and written about the perfume of the lily, the dew-drop on the rose, the down on the peach, and other pretty things lost by this contact. All this sounds pretty enough, and I willingly admit that there is no position more natural or becoming to a woman than loving, trusting dependence on those whom she can thus love and trust.

But, although I admire the time-worn simile of the oak-tree and the clinging vine quite as much as those masculine advocates of the charming helplessness theory, yet I can not help asking, "How about those vines that have no oak-tree to cling to, or who have found the oak in which they have trusted turn out a mere reed, which, if they have no self-sustaining power, only serves to drag them to the earth, to be trampled by every cruel or careless passer-by?"

For this class there is clearly no dependence save their own labor. With them the problem is very simple. They must work or starve. Is it just, then; is it fair, is it humane even, to exclude them from any occupation where they could make a fair living on the shallow pretense that such an occupation is not feminine? To this pernicious idea may be ascribed many of the deficiencies in the present system of training and educating. Perhaps if I should say the total want of system, I would be nigher the truth.

The boy is early taught that he must depend on himself; the lesson is impressed on his mind not only at home, but in the school-room, where he is urged forward in the pursuit of education by the assurance that the time in which he has to acquire it is limited. His habits, his predilections, his plays even, are carefully noted by his watchful parents; and all have their weight in determining his future trade or profession. And when the time comes that the final choice is to be made there is no unnecessary waste of time. The father would not dream of keeping him idling about home. The real business of life begins for him at once; and with the full understanding that he must make his own way in the world, self-reliance soon becomes habitual.

ter.

But it is altogether different with his sisHer father is a mechanic, or perhaps a clerk, whose wages, with careful economy, will barely suffice to bring up his family in comfort and respectability, and Millie leaves school almost if not quite a woman in years, but lamentably deficient in any thing which would assist her father. She is "well educated," of course

for nearly all Americans are ambitious to have their children "educated;" and, thanks to the

common-schools, it costs but little, and the girls may as well have it, as their time counts for nothing.

And now the question arises, "What is she to do?" If she has any talent for teaching, and friends with sufficient influence to secure a situation for her, then she may teach without losing caste. But if she lacks the talent or the friends she must think of something else. At least this is her mother's decision. Curiously enough, however, we almost always find the father unwilling to have his daughter go to work; and his argument is, that she will be getting married in three or four years, and all she would make would be so trifling that it would scarcely be worth while for her to have the name of a working-girl for it; they will manage to get along without it. But her mother knows how many little fineries a young girl needs-things which never enter into the father's calculations; and she decides that she must earn something, and, of course, she has her way.

But neither parent would dream of apprenticing her, as they would her brother, that she may learn a trade thoroughly and so be prepared always to make her own living. That would be too much like a boy; and she must not have her womanhood tainted by the mere suspicion of unfemininity; and it would be useless waste of time. Accordingly Millie goes to something which she can learn in a few weeks or months, and at which if she earns her own clothing she will do very well.

tled; her sisters growing up are wondering why she don't get married, and out of their way. Father, mother, brother, and sister, all contrive to make her feel that she is one too many. And all this without any thought of unkindness; and still the prince don't come.

Perhaps, at length, there comes one bearing the semblance of a prince; and although her heart does not acknowledge him, yet, in despair of finding the true one, she accepts his offer, and secures a home for herself. Sometimes, by a rare chance, she finds that he is really and truly the one who fills her heart. But far oftener she wakes up, when it is too late, to the bitter truth that work, poverty, privation, beggary even, were better than the fate to which she has sold herself; and often a few years find her, with the additional burden of two or three children, back in her old home.

Charlotte, her friend or neighbor, although her circumstances and surroundings are the same, takes quite a braver course. She will not yield to outside pressure so far as to marry for a living merely; and as the true prince never comes, she remains at home, although she is pushed aside by her sisters, groaned over by her mother, alternately wondered and sneered at by her brothers, while her father laments over the necessity of supporting her, yet is thankful for her presence in the house.

But after a while father and mother are both gone, and she is left alone. She has no home of her own, no means of support, no skill in any thing which would enable her to make her own living without help. Her brothers and sisters have married and gone to homes of their own, and don't feel bound to support her.

At first she is cheerful and hopeful enough. She is earning something; and she tries to help her mother with the work, and to make home pleasant for her father; and she enjoys the pleas-"Why didn't Charlotte marry when she was ures and amusements within her reach with a zest altogether unknown to the mere idler.

young, and have a home of her own?" And she must live among them as best she can; sometimes with one, sometimes with anothersewing for the family, taking care of the sick, attending to the children, working harder than the hardest-worked servant-but with the difference that the servant claims her weekly wages, and prides herself on taking no harsh words or black looks from any body; while Charlotte is the convenient scape-goat on whom

But as the years go by her father finds age creeping on apace, and no provision made for it. His family is growing more expensive every year, while every year he finds himself less able to labor so constantly. His daughter is no help, and there are other daughters coming up who will be none either. And his days are filled with labor and his nights with anxiety and unrest, as he vainly seeks a solution of the ever-every one wreaks their ill-temper; who must recurring problem, how to make one dollar do the work of five. No wonder his temper grows short, his manner crusty, as he looks forward to the time, so rapidly approaching, when he shall be laid aside as useless. Nor is it any lack of love for his daughters that leads him to look with envy on his neighbor who has only sons. His sons, if he has any, bear their part of the household expenses, with an occasional fling at Millie's uselessness, and thus in some degree lessen their father's burden. But if he have no sons then God help him!

And Millie sees it all. Every day, every hour, she feels her inefficiency. She knows she is a hindrance, where she should be a help to her overworked father. Her mother does not scruple to express a desire to see her set

bear the blame of every thing that goes wrong, from an ill-cooked meal to the spoiling of the children's tempers; the said children, by their keen observation and quick imitation of their elders, adding not a little bitterness to her sad lot.

And if she ventures to hint that she needs a pair of shoes, her friends are astonished at her assurance. "Surely when she has nothing else to do she might earn her own clothing."

Now these are by no means extreme cases. They are the legitimate fruits of the charming "helplessness" theory. It has been clearly proven more than once that in every trade that requires delicacy of touch, quickness of perception, and skill rather than strength, women, if thoroughly taught, are fully equal if not superior to men.

Why, then, in the name of common-sense, are they not taught? Formerly, when American girls almost invariably married between the ages of sixteen and twenty, the idea of a girl spending two or three years acquiring a trade would have been scouted as something too absurd. But the class of unmarried women is yearly growing larger; and should not careful parents strive to have their daughters prepared for any contingency? If all girls were prepared to make fair livings for themselves, we should see far less of this anxiety for marriage which prompts them to take the first offer, whether suitable or not.

And even among the married how many do we now find who are compelled to labor for others as well as themselves. Many husbands have given their lives to their country's need; others have returned to their homes, but so crippled and broken that they can nevermore be aught but a burden to their families. Other men have fallen in the quiet walks of peaceful life; while still others survive a burden and curse to the community, but more especially to the miserable wives or daughters who must toil to support them in idleness and vice.

How are all these women to gain this support? If they are strong enough, they may go out washing. If they are not, there remains for them the inevitable needle; and what that means only God and those who have tried it may know.

And fathers and mothers look with pitiful hearts on those overworked, underpaid women, yet never think of guarding their own girls from a like fate. Truly the blindness of mortals is inconceivable. And yet for the life of me I can not see how men, and women too, can be so blinded and befogged. Year after year the army of working-women grows more numerous, the necessity for work more pressing, yet still they persist in believing their daughters exempt from such necessity. Work with them, if it means any thing, is merely an interlude between the time of leaving school and getting married; and then, of course, they will be provided for. And if you should suggest that they should be taught something which has not been considered strictly women's work, but would pay fair, living wages, you are met by some such rubbish as "Women must be feminine. They will never get married if they are not; for men can't admire masculine women. And the world has long ago decreed that women must be feminine though they die for it.

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And even women-some, too, who should know better-look out from bright and happy homes, where they are shielded by strong arms and true hearts from any contact with or knowledge of the poverty and miseries which their sisters have to endure, and wonder what women mean by making such a clamor about more work; they are very sure any woman can find enough to do at home. They know as much about the matter as did that queen who wondered what her starving subjects meant by mak

ing such an outcry about bread when they could get such nice cake for two-pence.

So long as such ideas obtain, just so long the narrow ways will still be crowded, and there will be dozens of applicants for every situation, whether it is in school-room or factory, in milliner-shop or telegraph-office; behind a counter or in a dress-maker's work-room; in a printing-office or in a garret room, trying to keep soul and body together-working for the tailors or making shirts, either occupation simply meaning starvation.

And still there remain hundreds for whom there is no room in work-room or factory, in store or office. That it is not from any want of capacity must be evident to any unprejudiced mind; for if, by any strange miracle, a woman chances to slip into any situation that, according to the traditions of society, should be filled by a man, we are complacently told that she is far more expert, and will do as much more work for half the wages. And why for half the wages? If a man gets a thousand a year for doing certain work, why, in the name of common-sense and justice, should a woman be put off with five hundred for doing the same work faster, and better? Will any body ever make that clear to a working-woman's comprehension.

The needs of the working-woman may be summed up in a very few words. They are a thorough and practical education; a full recognition of her right to work at any employment for which she has physical or mental capacity; and compensation according to the quality and quantity of the work-not according to the sex of the worker. Their Bill of Rights, you see, is not so very extensive or alarming. Only the right to work, and a fair day's wages for a fair day's work. They don't want any garments save those which befit their sex; they don't want to be fed with turtle-soup out of gold spoons; they don't expect to have alms-houses built especially for them; the greater number of them don't even care to vote. In short, they only want to help themselves; and once they get a chance to do this, I, for one, have faith to believe they will soon work out their own redemption.

And there are men who could and would help them if they could only be brought to see that work to a woman means just what it does to a man. But they can not divest themselves of the idea that it is some unwomanly ambition that prompts her when she tries to better her condition; and if once she could fairly and honorably support herself, independent of any man's help, he thinks she would grow quite too careless of his opinion and admiration.

Now I know some of my strong-minded sisters will be ready to beat me for the admission; yet I will say that no true woman, be her condition what it will, ever loses the desire to secure the esteem and approbation of the opposite sex.

But when it is a question of bread and butter, shoes and clothing, fuel and house-rent against this esteem, is she to blame if she pre

Already there are faint indications of the dawn of a brighter day; old prejudices and jealousies are slowly wearing out; and we now find woman engaged in many occupations which a few years ago were carefully guarded against her approach. True, it is almost always in a subordinate position; but don't be content with that position. Fit yourself for the highest, and you may yet find yourself in the line of promotion. Don't be afraid of being called strongminded; at the worst it is better than to be called weak-minded; but there is no reason why you should cease to be womanly in ceasing to be frivolous. Only be in earnest-stand by each other-don't talk scandal; but when you meet find some subject of discussion more profit

fers the bread and butter? Or can any man this will ultimately overcome all your diffithink his wife a less worthy helpmate because culties. she was not compelled to marry him for a home -being capable of making one for herself? Is it too much, then, to ask men-successful, prosperous men to take the same interest in, and extend the same encouragement to the struggling woman who is bending all her energies to the up-hill task of bettering her condition, that they would to a man under the same circumstances? If it is honorable and praiseworthy in him to strive to reach the highest round of the ladder, is it less laudable in her? And if he should falter by the way, not at once succeeding, would any man believe himself justified in advising him to go down to the lowermost round because it suited the convenience of others who have succeeded to have intelligent drudges about them? If the mists of self-able than each other's bonnets, beaux, or charishness, prejudice, and jealousy could be clear-acters. ed away, I think we should find few men or women either who would not be heartily ashamed that they had ever joined in this ery: "Let them come into our kitchens, for we have need of them."

And for you, sister women, basking in the light and warmth of homes won by no exertion or self-denial of yours, if you will not help, in God's name don't hinder! Cherished and protected as you are, you may be sincere in your belief that there is no change needed. But if in time to come you should be forced into the arena yourself, you would bitterly realize your mistake. And it matters little how assured your prospects may be. In this country fortune changes rapidly, and the petted, dainty wife or daughter of to-day may be the poor, destitute widow, or the lonely, desolate old maid of the future.

Never fold your hands waiting for the machine that is to take you to the mountaintop, nor yet for the coming of the prince; but, remembering the great things that were done when the people had a mind to work, use with all earnestness whatever talent God has given you, and, my word for it, you will succeed; for of all the musty proverbs handed down to us by our grandmothers, there is none truer than this, "God helps those who help themselves."

TO MAJORCA.

AGRUMBLING Englishman, such as “Cap

tain J. W. Clayton, F.R.G.S., late 13th Hussars," the author of a book he calls the "Sunny South," evidently is not exactly the sort of traveling companion we should have chosen if we had had our own way. It is certainly not our favorite mode of getting over

fungus of his kind, who goes sniffing about and stirring up all the dirty rubbish, and thus keeping us in a perpetual atmosphere of dust and fustiness. We don't care to have our heads dragged down from the contemplation of the sublimities of towering cathedral, and our nose held over the gutter which rankles at its base, in order to take a whiff of "a compound of extra-sour vinegar, stale slop-pails, and burned India rubber."

In conclusion, I would say to the working-classic ground to be led by the nose by a Smellwomen, If you wish to succeed be in earnest. This, after all has been said, is the lever with which you may and must move the world. Put your heart into your work. Make a business of it. Don't always look on it as something to be taken up for a few months, or at most, years, and then to be laid aside, never to be resumed. Whatever work you elect, whether hand-work or brain-work, take it up as if for life. Don't be satisfied with a superficial knowledge of your craft, whatever it may be. Never stop till you The Anglican growl is every where apparare a skilled work-woman. The working-manent, turning, like thunder, the sweetest milk in his craft puts forth all his powers in the effort to reach perfection, and works as if for an object. Let the working-women show to the world that they too have the courage, energy, perseverance, and endurance requisite to suc

cess.

sour. It is astonishing how resolute this John Bull is in discontent and pertinacious in complaint, even in spite of his own confessed reasons for satisfaction. The warm rays of the Sunny South seem sometimes, however, to liquefy his English iciness, but he hardly yields to their lenient touch. He wakes himself up constantly from incipient sleep and dreams of enjoyment with his own growl. "In the courtyard of our inn," he says, "a fountain was play

Go heartily to work, then, and while helping yourselves try also to help each other. We all remember the old fable of the bundle of fagots, which, taken singly, a child might break, but bound together, defied the strongest man. Mening, and a vine formed a large shady arbor for have been quick enough to apply the moral, and it is certainly time that you would see it. Earnest, united effort-I can not repeat it too often

smokers and idlers beneath." "There was not much to complain of," he adds, "and notwithstanding the general smell of garlic, and an

odor resembling that of steamboat cabins with | place in the middle of fields, where there is no which the bedrooms were perfumed, we slept sign of habitations. Some woman, perhaps, most comfortably for a short time with calm may rise from the border of a ditch, where she consciences and clean sheets." The digestion has been resting, with a child in her arms, and of a breakfast at Bayonne is disturbed by the all the officials will get down and have a chat presence of "an opposite lady with a false nose, with her; while the good-natured passengers, and a gentleman with diamond rings and dirty who take the stoppage as a matter of course, wristbands." The French vermicelli soup, which get out and smoke cigarettes. When some staevery one else acknowledges to be supreme, our tion, which is represented by one small house, English traveler calls a "not very inviting fluid, is reached the carriage-windows are surrounded with things like boiled gentles in it ;" and the by tottering old men in ancient velvet hats with delicious kidneys, stewed in Champagne, turn very broad brims, and with little silk balls danin his disordered Anglican stomach to "old gling from them. They are all swathed in varihats and hot water." Thus, throughout the colored rags, and no one seems to know where whole journey, he is quarreling with his meat they come from and how they live, but they are and drink, scowling at each morsel that crosses always there. On the journey to Madrid the his lips, and giving it some ugly name or other. traveler passes a succession of sandy plains and The butter of Spain is lard, and its milk of rugged mountains of granite, with here and there mares; the tea consists of "chopped broom- towns and villages composed of ruined churches, sticks and dead flies," and the wine of Xeres with their spires toppling above crouching hovtakes the growler "by the throat like a bull- els; peasants with broad sombreros and velveteen dog, and holds him there." doublets, lagging behind flocks of black sheep; and endless groups of beggars, subjects for painters in their distant picturesqueness, but so vile when approached as to prove mere masses of dirt, apparently "designed by Providence as places of refuge for destitute insects." Every thing seems dull and obsolete but superstition, which still makes a brave show with all its flaunting emblems. Religious processions pass and repass. Mourners hooded and clad in black from head to foot, tonsured priests, attendants carrying torches, and children singing the Miserere, escort brightly-painted coffins, with keys dangling from them and fastened near the locks by chains, so as "to be in readiness at the day of judgment."

Captain Clayton affects to be a very knowing traveler. From his own well-marked characteristics of the genus we doubt not his familiarity with the peculiar features of John Bull, and accept this as a description of himself and family: "We are sure to meet an English paterfamilias, with mamma and daughters. When we say English, we do not mean moderately English, but downright and awfully British-British in the dogged look of plethoric, stupid selfcomplacency, and general superiority over every body and every thing not British; British in that moneyed, bovine state of mind which distinguishes the inferior specimens of the nouveau riche fresh from Albion." We, however, venture to deny that Captain Clayton ever heard this lingo, or any thing like it, from American lips: "Wa'al, stranger, I guess I prefer neither, for the manner in which you con-duct, operations in Eu-rope is a caution to snakes, and aside of being ridiculian in manner, I put it down slick as base and tyrannical, which, howsomever, is only as how yew poor European critturs is suckled to enjure, except Irish cutes, who, I calculate, are absquatulating from the rotten Old World, and making pretty quick tracks across the fish-pond to the Almighty States, and that's a faact."

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Madrid itself, though the Madrileños are very proud of their city, is pronounced to be merely a bad imitation of Paris. The mantilla and the fan have given way in the street to the chapeau à la mode and the gaudy parasol; and the traditional Spanish cloak, though still worn by some Dons, being crowned with the tall and ugly chimney hat of the French, has lost its easy grace in the incongruity of the companionship of its stiff associate.

There is little worth seeing, it would seem, in the Spanish capital but the famous gallery with its unequaled pictures of Velasquez and Murillo; and of these our guide has nothing to say but some commonplaces which our readers will thank us for sparing them. A bull-fight scene with a long-winded description is a matter of course with every Spanish traveler; but its horrors are too familiar to arrest our atten

We can not find that our English traveler, in passing through Spain, saw much that has not been more clearly discerned and better described by others. The railway has become a matter of course on the Peninsula now, as every where else; and yet this pathway of modern civilization seems not to have let in much light|tion. upon Iberian darkness. The country of Old We are surprised at the total want in the Spain, at least from the French frontier to Mad-records of a journey made so lately of any prerid, is more of a wilderness at this day than any part of our own continent. The trains, which move only at the rate of nine miles an hour, stop now and again in the midst of a barren region, at the discretion of guards or enginedrivers for the stoppages are not confined to regular stations or villages, but sometimes take

liminary indication of the revolution which all believers in progress have just now so hopefully welcomed. At the theatre in Valladolid, every person rose reverentially to the unveiling of a picture of Queen Isabel. Her Majesty, as seen at the Opera through the usual chiaroscuro atmosphere of smoke-for all, every where, in

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