first time. The purchase of a Penguin by the Zoological Society has afforded the rare opportunity of watching its subaqueous proceedings (p. 4262), which have proved most interesting. At p. 4197 will be found a brief account of the nesting of the Crowned Pigeon, showing a strange discrepancy between the economy of this and the other species of the same order: the young of the Crowned Pigeon being about one-third the size of the adult when it leaves the nest; the Domestic Pigeon being full grown; and both being fully feathered. At p. 8998 is an extremely interesting, and I believe quite original, observation, by Mr. Barrington, on the position in which the Tree Creeper holds its legs when climbing a vertical trunk. Fishes. I would emphatically call attention to the observation of Mr. Hughes (p. 8895) on the sleep of Fishes: the enquiry whether Fishes sleep has been repeated over and over again; and to Mr. Hughes is due the credit of giving a satisfactory reply:-Fishes not only sleep, but sleep soundly, lying perfectly still at the bottom of little rock-pools left by the retiring tide; and in the instance recorded allowing Mr. Hughes to take them, one by one, out of the water, while they still continued slumbering unconscious of danger. At p. 3872 I have reprinted from Nature' a paper by Mr. Saville-Kent, intituled, "Fish distinguished by their Actions." Mr. Kent was kind enough to send me this for republication, knowing the extreme interest I took in the doings of all living animals. The Fishes principally noticed are the Smooth Hound, the Spotted Dog-fish, the Angel-fish, the Gurnards, the Gemmeous Dragonets, the Pipe-fish, the Sea-horses, and the John Dorée, concerning all of which he has made original observations. Again at p. 3838 Mr. Howard Saunders has, I believe, for the first time, recorded the spawning habits of the Flying Fish, as observed by himself at the Chincha Islands, on the coast of Peru. Crustaceans. The capture of the American King Crab, or Horseshoe Crab, off the coast of Holland, as recorded in the 'ZooLOGIST' last year, was regarded as a problem extremely difficult of solution; but in the January number of this year (p. 8845) Mr. Lloyd informed us that, when manager of the Hamburg Aquarium, having received a greater quantity of King Crabs than he could possibly accommodate, he packed them in a cask, shipped them on board a steamer bound for London, and had them thrown into the sea on the British side of the little island of Heligoland. This was in August, 1866; and there is no reason to doubt that either these very Crabs or their descendants were captured on the same spot in 1874. Such are some of the results obtained already by diverting observation into a channel comparatively new. EDWARD NEWMAN. CONTENTS. BAILEY, H. F. ALPHABETICAL LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS. BALL, RICHARD Affection of the sea gull for its Hoopoe at Knotts Green, Leyton, 4035 Siskins breeding in Ireland, 3914; 3952; Peculiar position in feet of Certhia familiaris, 3998; The BELL, THOMAS, F.R.S. Scarcity and late stay of martins BOWERBANK, J. S., LL.D., F.R.S. Fishing frog at St. Leonard's, 4000; BOYES, F. Glaucous gulls in East Yorkshire, Autumnal song of the chiffchaff, BROWN, JOHN A. HARVIE Osprey carrying off chickens, 4117; BUTLER, A. G., F.L.S. Fieldfares feeding upon apples, 3830; Late stay of house martins, CANE, T. Great crested grebe at Luton, A word about museums, 4056; song of the swallow, 4156; Ornitho- logical jottings, 4231; Cuckoo singing at night, 4238 On the occurrence of Emberiza chickens, 3996; A flight of bats, Complaint in nestling birds, 4075; 4239; Rare birds at Eastbourne, 4258; Late breeding of par- CLOGG, STEPHEN Black redstart in summer plumage in November, 3832; Martins and swallows-is their late stay de- ference of small birds to the congregation of martins, 4157; COOKE, NICHOLAS A four-legged chicken, 3835; Food of the salmon, 3839; Corn crake, food, 3915; Lesser redpoll and siskin, 4034; Swallows roosting Ornithological notes from North Lincolnshire, 3856, 3942, 4029, sucker and whiff off the Cornish coast, The species of mackerel, 4037; Fox shark off Scilly, Dorse near the Lizard, Cornwall, 4080; Pimelepterus Cornubiensis, a sup- posed new fish, at Penzance, Birds in Guernsey, 4237; Mute swan in Guernsey, 4239 Late martins and swallows, 3881 Curious nesting of the flycatcher, DOUBLEDAY, HENRY Tree sparrow, 3997; Little bittern Note on the water rail, 3881; Or- nithological notes from Lanca- upper mandible of a redshank, EATON, Rev. A. E., M.A. Notes on the Fauna of Spitsbergen, Communications and extracts con- GATCOMBE, JOHN shire, Cornwall, &c., 3826, 3909, 3943, 4102, 4226, 4253; Plumage of the black redstart, 3913; Pie- Rabbit with one ear, 4153; Clausilia Rolphii in Surrey, 4243 Buzzards in Norfolk, Marsh harrier in Suffolk, Food of barn owl and great spotted woodpecker, Pied flycatcher in Norfolk, Lesser red- poll breeding near Norwich, 4117 GURNEY, J. H. Note on the longevity of the royal ster, 4080; Food of the noctule bat, 4153; Nidification of the snowy owl in confinement, 4154; Salmon in the River Coquet in weasel and to a redbreast, 4194 Shore birds on the Cley and Blake- HADFIELD, Capt. HENRY 4200; Autumnal migration of the LLOYD, W. A. On the occurrence of Limulus Poly- MATHEW, GERVASE F., R.N., F.L.S. A visit to the breeding haunts of the frigate-bird, 3991; Ornitho- logical notes from North Devon, 4131, 4249; Lesser spotted wood- sandpiper, 4159; Ornithological notes from Dartmouth, 4230 Bird notes from the west, 3824 Economic value of alligators, 3954 Habitat of "rat-bats" (?), 4075; Curiously situated nests of tits, The denizens of aquariums, 3876; Rhinoceros Sondaicus at the Zoo- logical Gardens, 3949; Astroides Royal Academy, 4021; Collected observations on White's thrush, 4045; Communications and ex- Honey buzzard in Cheshire, 4237; NORGATE, FRANK White woodcock in Ireland, 3915 White's thrush near Grampound, at the Land's End, 3953; Spring migrants, 3997; A vegetarian cat, British warblers, 4032; Varia- tion in the song of the blackcap warbler, 4075; Pratincole at the tagu's harrier, 4153; Buffon's skua near Falmouth, 4239; Notes from Leiston, Suffolk, 3865; Early nesting of the sky lark, and wild duck, 4036 SAUNDERS, HOWARD Spawning of flying-fish, 3839 Ornithological query, 4116 Notes from Castle Eden, 4066, 4221 Ring ouzel, &c., at Exmouth, 3831; Ornithological notes from Somer- SMITH, JOSEPH, M.R.C.S., F.L.S., &c. Large snake at Godalming, 3837; Hobby at Godalming, Black red- Wood pigeons laying in January, STEVENSON, H., F.L.S. Ornithological notes from Norfolk, 3859, 4185; Dartford warbler in English sparrows in Philadelphia, Curious nesting-place of the greater Yellow wagtail and wild goose near Birds in Cambridge Market, 4116 WALKER, Rev. F. A., M.A., F.L.S. WALLIS, HENRY MARRIAGE Fossils from recent deposits in the WHARTON, C. BYGRAVE Nesting of the blue tit, 4034 Siskins near Mansfield, 3880; rival of spring birds in Notting- hamshire, 4196; Chiffchaff, swift and fieldfare, 4197; Bartailed |