with a violation wors then any could be offer'd to his tomb. Nor did they stay in matters hereticall, but any subject that was not to their palat, they either condemn'd in a prohibition, or had it strait into the new Purgatory of an Index. To fill up the measure of encroachment, their last invention was to ordain that no Book, Pamphlet, or Paper should be printed (as if S. Peter had bequeath'd them the keys of the Presse also, out of Paradise),

The keys of the Presse also out of Paradise.] Out is the genuine reading. In Toland's edition as well as is substituted; and the successive Editors have continued this alteration implicitly. I do not see the necessity for any change: beside, also as well as borders closely on tautology. True it is, that there is now some obscurity from the meaning having been expressed too concisely in this parenthesis. But our Authour intended that the Church of Rome took on it to act, as if Peter had "out of “Paradise” bequeathed to the Popes the keys of the Press; trusting to the Reader, from the conjunction" also" to supply the Power of the keys claimed by the Papal See, then a topic familiar to all. In the Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce, he expresses himself on this mystic symbol of power in the same brief phrase: "Let whoso will now listen, I want neither pall nor mitre, I stay neither for ordination [n]or induction, but in "the firm faith of a knowing Christian, which is the best and truest "endowment of the keyes, I pronounce," &c. (p. 32, 4to. 1644).

"

Disputes on the intention of Jesus in this gift of the Keys to St. Peter helped to fill many a volume of the great controversy which agitated Christendom during the conflict between the Popish and Protestant Communions.

It is remarkable that any one versed as Toland was in theological enquiries should have failed to discern the sense; if indeed it was he who vitiated the text.

In this sentence too, gluttonous has been printed for glutton ; taking "glutton Friars," I suppose, for an omission at the Press;

unlesse it were approv'd and licenc't under the hands of 2 or 3 glutton Friers. For example:

Let the Chancellor Cini be pleas'd to see if in this present work be contain'd ought that may withstand the Printing,

Vincent Rabatta, Vicar of Florence.

I have seen this present work, and finde nothing athwart the Catholic Faith and good manners: In witnesse whereof I have given, &c.

Nicolò Cini, Chancellor of Florence.

Attending the precedent relation, it is allow'd that this present work of Davanzati, may be Printed,

Vincent Rabatta, &c.

It may be printed, July 15.

Friar Simon Mompei d'Amelia Chancellor of the holy Office in Florence.

but erroneously, as the succeeding authority is sufficient to

show:

"In pleasure some their glutton souls would steep." Dryden; Rel: Laici.

Whenever such silent and unauthorized departures from the original text occur, they should be pointed out and reprehended. They often mar the real sense; and at best, it is their direct and unavoidable tendency, by blending the modes and idioms of different ages, to render it more difficult to trace the historical progress of a Language. Of this I will give an illustration.

The quarto edition of Lord Bacon's Works, in 1765, reads— "must be accommodated and palliated by diets and medicines.” I. 68. Whereas it is printed-" must be accommodate and

Sure they have a conceit, if He of the bottomlesse pit had not long since broke prison, that this

"palliate, &c."-in the Edition of the Advancement of Learning, published at Oxford, in 1633, sm. 4to. see p. 174; as no doubt the Authour wrote it. Ed had not uniformly become the participial termination in Bacon's time.

9 He of the bottomlesse pit-] While the fashion continued among the English Literati of assimilating their "Mother dialect" to Greek and Latin constructions, He had often the emphatic sense given it of auros and ipse. The dogmatic ATTO εça of Pythagoras's disciples is enough known: I need not quote authorities. The succeeding example will establish the peculiar force of ipse : "Alius filio, fratre alius, aut propinquo, "aut amico interfectis, agere grates deis, ornare lauru domum, "genua ipsius advolvi, et dextram osculis fatigare.-Tacit An. "XV. 71." On which a Commentator observes, (Ernest. edit. I. 857.) "Genua ipsius-] i. e. Neronis: quod non notâssem, nisi "Pichenam ad Deos retulisse viderem. Et est exquisitior ratio "hujus pronominis pro nomine usurpandi cum ex oppositione "intelligi ad quod referatur, potest opponuntur Dii et ipse. Sic sæpe Græce Auctor Homerus Iliad. et init. Yuxas—aures, ipsos "i. e. corpora."

"

I will add from Virgil's Moeris,

"Carmina tum melius, cum venerit ipse, canemus;"

to which the celebrated Oratour Dr. King gave its full intonation before the University of Oxford, in his Jacobitical application of Ipse.

This idiom was early transplanted into the English tongue. Sir T. Smith, with no other intimation that it is St. Paul whom he is quoting, has, "and (as he sayth) what reason hath the Pot "to say to the Potter, why madest thou me thus?"-De Republica Anglorum. The maner of Gouernement or Policie of the Realme of England, p. 11, 4to. 1583. And in Par. Reg. IV.

299.

"In corporal pleasure He, and careless ease:"

meaning Epicurus. It is of very common recurrence in the

quadruple exorcism would barre him down. I feare their next designe will be to get into their custody the Licencing of that which they say Claudius' intended, but went not through with. Voutsafe to see another of their forms, the Roman stamp:

Imprimatur, If it seem good to the reverend Master of the holy Palace,

Imprimatur

Belcastro, Vicegerent.

Friar Nicolò Rodolphi, Master of the holy Palace. Sometimes 5 Imprimaturs are seen together dialogue-wise in the Piatza of one Title page, complementing and ducking each to other with their

Anatomy of Melancholy. For instance: "They themselues haue "all the dainties the world can afford, ly on downe beds with a "Curtisan in their armes: Heu quantum patimur pro Christo, as " he said."—p. 698. ed. 1632, where Burton adverts to a profane jest of Pope Leo X.'s-Thus MILTON again (Par. Lost, VI. 760), by way of eminence, without any further designation of the Messiah :

"Hee in celestial Panoplie all arm'd," &c.

So too (ib. IX. 130)

p. 168, of ed. 1674.

"And him destroy'd,

"Or won to what may work his utter loss,

"For whom all this was made."

i. e. Man; xar' εžoxyv.

It was a strange oversight for Bentley to take exception to a classical use of this Pronoun, and offer here an obtrusion on the text.

Claudius-] Quo veniam daret flatum crepitumque ventris in convivio emittendi.-Sueton. in Claudio.-Note in the original Edition.

"

shav'n reverences', whether the Author, who stands by in perplexity at the foot of his Epistle, shall to the Presse or to the spunge. These are the prety Re

Sometimes five Imprimaturs are seen together dialogue-wise in the Piatza of one Title-page, complementing and ducking each to other with their shav'n reverences.] According to Blackwell, in his Enquiry into the Life and Writings of Homer, "A Book in "Spain must pass through six Courts, before it is publihed. I. "It is examined by the Examinador Synodal of the Archbishoprick, commissioned by the Vicario. II. It goes to the "Recorder of the Kingdom, where it is to be published, Chro"nista de Castilla, Arragon, Valencia, &c. III. If approved by them, it is licensed by the Vicario himself, attested by a "Notario. IV. The Privilege must be had from his Majesty; " and a Secretary countersigns. V. After it is printed, it goes "to the Corrector-General por fu Magestad, who compares it "with the licenced Copy, lest any thing be inserted or altered. "And VI. The Lords of the Council tax it at so much a sheet. "In Portugal, a Book has seven Reviews to pass before publica"tion. I have smiled at some of their Title-Pages, bearing for "the greater Security of the Buyer, Com todas as licenças neces"surias." p. 63, second edit. 1736.

Piatza, here signifies an open space; agreeably to its Italian and proper idiom. Harrington has it too in this strict acceptation for any area, or broad extent of ground surrounded with buildings. (Works; p. 227. fol. 1747.) So has Howell—“ the "Piatza of Saint Mark is the fairest and most spacious markett

place of all the Townes of Italie, and bears the form of a "Greek г" A Survey of the Signiorie of Venice: p. 36, fol. 1651. And Davenant: "The scene wholly changing, there "appears a square Piazza, resembling that of Venice, and 'tis

"

composed of Pallaces, and lesser Fabricks." Works; p. 399. fol. 1673. But now with us it has long since lost its native signification; so long, that Johnson, in his Dictionary, only explained Piazza by "a Walk under a roof supported by pillars." Probably the arcades or "arched walks" in Covent Garden having obtained this name, which would properly apply to the