502 IMPORTANT INVENTIONS FROM 1850 TO 1860. combined, which will probably soon banish the composing stick, were patented by Victor Beaumont, J. J. Koenig, W. W. Houston, W. H. Mitchell, Timothy Alden, F. W. Gilmer, C. W. Felt, and others. Of these, Mitchell's, which has been several years in operation in large. printing establishments in New York; Alden's, which combines both operations with remarkable performance, distributing type altogether automatically, and the machines of Mr. Felt, of Salem, are probably the most noted. For the use of newspaper publishers, very useful machines for printing the address of subscribers have been patented, among others, by H. Moeser, Edward P. Day, S. D. Carpenter, and James Lord, and one by R. W. Wright, in 1865, for feeding up, cutting, and pasting directions on newspapers. Polygraphic Copying Presses, patented by N. Ames and others, were useful inventions of this period. XI. Although, during the long period of profound peace previous to 1861, many improvements and inventions in the manufacture of Fire-arms and heavy ordnance were made, the number since that year, in consequence of the war, has vastly augmented. The whole number of patents recorded for cannon, projectiles, ammunition, small arms, cartridges, tents, and other implements of war, including machines and processes for their manufacture, previous to 1857, did not exceed three hundred. In the four years, from 1860 to 1863, respectively, the number of applications filed were, in 1860, one hundred and thirty-nine; in 1861, three hundred and sixty-six; in 1862, four hundred and fifty-three; and in 1863, three hundred and twenty-two. In the manufacture of Cannon, the improvements actually patented in those years severally were, seven, thirty, forty-three, and thirty-nine, of which number forty were for loading at the breech. The number of small arms patented in the same years, was forty-seven, forty-four, seventytwo, and eighty-one, respectively, and one hundred and ten of the whole number were for breech-loading arms. Many of the projectors of improvements did not realize their expectations, but the names of Colt, Sharp, Whitney, Allen, Maynard, Spencer, Berdan, and others, became, by their inventions, well known to the public, and Rifles have been invented that can be loaded and fired by practiced hands thirty times in a minute. In the construction and manufacture of Cannon and heavy ordnance, many improvements were patented, of which the most important were those of Parrott, Rodman, Wiard, and Ames. In the late war, the Parrott rifled guns and projectiles, both in the land and naval service, performed a conspicuous part, nearly three thousand of these guns, ranging in calibre from three to ten inches, and in weight of ball from ten to three hundred pounds, having been or 502 IMPORTANT INVENTIONS FROM 1850 TO 1860. combined, which will probably soon banish the composing stick, were patented by Victor Beaumont, J. J. Koenig, W. W. Houston, W. H. Mitchell, Timothy Alden, F. W. Gilmer, C. W. Felt, and others. Of these, Mitchell's, which has been several years in operation in large printing establishments in New York; Alden's, which combines both operations with remarkable performance, distributing type altogether automatically, and the machines of Mr. Felt, of Salem, are probably the most noted. For the use of newspaper publishers, very useful machines for printing the address of subscribers have been patented, among others, by H. Moeser, Edward P. Day, S. D. Carpenter, and James Lord, and one by R. W. Wright, in 1865, for feeding up, cutting, and pasting directions on newspapers. Polygraphic Copying Presses, patented by N. Ames and others, were useful inventions of this period. XI. Although, during the long period of profound peace previous to 1861, many improvements and inventions in the manufacture of Fire-arms and heavy ordnance were made, the number since that year, in consequence of the war, has vastly augmented. The whole number of patents recorded for cannon, projectiles, ammunition, small arms, cartridges, tents, and other implements of war, including machines and processes for their manufacture, previous to 1857, did not exceed three hundred. In the four years, from 1860 to 1863, respectively, the number of applications filed were, in 1860, one hundred and thirty-nine; in 1861, three hundred and sixty-six; in 1862, four hundred and fifty-three; and in 1863, three hundred and twenty-two. In the manufacture of Cannon, the improvements actually patented in those years severally were, seven, thirty, forty-three, and thirty-nine, of which number forty were for loading at the breech. The number of small arms patented in the same years, was forty-seven, forty-four, seventytwo, and eighty-one, respectively, and one hundred and ten of the whole number were for breech-loading arms. Many of the projectors of improvements did not realize their expectations, but the names of Colt, Sharp, Whitney, Allen, Maynard, Spencer, Berdan, and others, became, by their inventions, well known to the public, and Rifles have been invented that can be loaded and fired by practiced hands thirty times in a minute. In the construction and manufacture of Cannon and heavy ordnance, many improvements were patented, of which the most important were those of Parrott, Rodman, Wiard, and Ames. In the late war, the Parrott rifled guns and projectiles, both in the land and naval service, performed a conspicuous part, nearly three thousand of these guns, ranging in calibre from three to ten inches, and in weight of ball from ten to three hundred pounds, having been or |