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DEMPSTER.-D'EON.

DEMPSTER (THOMAS), a Scotch historian and commentator, was a man of learning, but a singular character, being as prompt to draw his sword as to wield his pen. He lived at Paris as a schoolmaster, from whence he was obliged to return on account of his severities. He afterwards became professor of the Belles Lettres at Pisa, where his wife eloped from him with one of his scholars. He then went to Nismes, and towards the close of his life settled at Bologna. His memory was so great, that he frequently declared he did not know what it was to forget. This circumstance gained him the appellation of "The Living Library." He died in 1625. He wrote several books; the most curious of which are " A Martyrology of Scotland," and "A List of the Scottish Writers." In the last of which, he named many celebrated men who had not been natives of that country; whence it was observed, by a priest of his own religion, "That he forged titles of books which were never published, to raise the glory of his country; and has been guilty of several cheating tricks, by which he has lost his credit among men of learning." D'EON (The CHEVALIER de) or Mademoiselle la Chevaliere D'Eon du Beaumont, was born October 4, 1728, at Tonnerre in Burgundy. The family of this very extraordinary woman, is mentioned as an ancient one, in the Genealogical Dictionary of De Bois de la Chesnaye. Her grandfather and father were successively deputy-intendants of the Generality of Paris, and her mother was Francoise du Charenton, daughter

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daughter of M. du Charenton, who was commissaire ordonnateur de Guerre to the French armies in Spain and Italy. At a very early age, for reasons not yet divulged, her parents obliged her to assume the dress of a boy. When six years of age, she was sent to her aunt in Paris, where she began to receive an education suitable to her supposed sex. At the age of fourteen she was sent to the college Mazarin in that city, as a day-scholar; where she was no less distinguished for her proficiency in literature, than for the regularity of her conduct. When she had completed her education in that seminary, she became accomplished in the masculine science of fencing, riding the great horse, &c. She was also about this time, regularly admitted to the degree of doctor of civil and of canon law, and was received advocate of the Parliament of Paris. Her love of literature did not then forsake her; many miscel laneous pieces proceeded from her pen, as, "The Funeral Eulogium of Marié d'Este. Duchess of Penthievre," and another, "On the Count d'Ons en Bray, President of the Academy of Sciences, at Paris," &c. The late excellent Prince of Conti, who knew the secret of her sex, introduced her in 1755, to Louis XV. (to whom he had communicated the secret) as a person very capable of conducting a business he had much at heart; a reconciliation between his court, and that of Russia. Mademoiselle d'Eon having succeeded in this very arduous undertaking (in which she was engaged as a woman, and without any public

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character) was again sent to that court in 1757, in conjunction with the Chevalier Douglas, as a man, and in an open, and avowed diplomatic situation. Their negociations were so powerful, that they prevailed upon the Empress Elizabeth to join the armies of France and Austria with fourscore thousand troops, which she had originally destined for the assistance of the king of Prussia. In her return to Paris, the same year, she was commissioned to communicate the plan of the Russian military campaigns to the court of Vienna; and while she was at that court, the news arrived of the famous battle of Prague. The Count de Broglio entrusted her with dispatches for the court of France, giving an account of the victory gained over the king of Prussia. Charged with these dispatches, and the treaty concluded between Russia and France, Mademoiselle D'Eon set out for Paris; and though her carriage was overturned, and she had broke one of the bones of her ancle, she reached Paris thirtysix hours sooner than the courier dispatched from the court of Vienna, to that of France. The dispatches were delivered into the hands of M. de Rouill, then secretary of state for foreign affairs, and immediately taken to Louis XV. who ordered a lodging to be prepared for her, and sent one of his surgeons to attend her. From the effects of her being overturned in the carriage, she was confined to her bed for three months; and on her recovery was presented by her sovereign with a lieutenancy of dragoons (a situation she had long been anxious

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to obtain) and was sent a third time to Petersburgh as secretary of embassy to the Marquis de l'Hospital. She returned from that court in 1759; and, being desirous of distinguishing herself in her military profession, she was permitted to join her regiment in Germany, as captain of dragoons, and as aid-de-camp to the Count and Marshal de Broglio. At the engagement of Ultrop, our heroine was twice wounded. At that of Ostervich, at the head of fourscore dragoons and forty hussars, she charged the battalion Prussen de Rhes, which she completely routed, and took the commanding officer prisoner. In September 1762, she was sent to London as secretary of embassy to the Duc de Nivernois, ambassador from France to that court, to conclude the peace of 1763. Her conduct on this business was so agreeable to the king of England, that he desired (though contrary to the usual etiquette on these occasions) that she might carry to France the ratifications of the treaty of peace, concluded be tween his court and that of Versailles. own sovereign also, as a mark of his approbation, honoured her with the order of St. Louis. When M. de Nivernois quitted his embassy, Mademoiselle D'Eon was appointed ministerplenipotentiary to the court of London. Her disputes with M. de Guerchy, who succeeded M. de Nivernois, are related with great spirit, under the title of "Lettres, Memoires, et Negociations particulieres du Chavalier D'Eon." Whatever part the French ministry might chuse to take in these disputes, her sovereign

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still continued to honour her with his protection and confidence, and she remained in epistolary correspondence with him till the time of his death. Louis XV. settled pensions on Mademoiselle D'Eon, at different times, to a considerable amount, and they were continued to her by the late king of France, with the express order for the resumption of her sex, and on condition that she wore the dress of a woman. He permitted her, at her own requisition, to retain the cross of St. Louis. Since the peace of 1763, Mademoiselle D'Eon, has resided chiefly in and about London, where the brilliancy of her wit, the variety of her information, and other companionable qualities, have procured her many respectable friends. In the company of a select party, she, very lately, took an elegant frugal repast, at the Long Rooms, Hampstead: it is therefore probable that she is still numbered with the living. DIOGENES, a Cynic philosopher, born at Sinope, a city of Pontus, and expelled from thence for coining false money; as his father had been before. He retired to Athens, where he became the disciple of Antisthanes. He not only submitted to the severities peculiar to the followers of that founder of the Cynics, but added new degrees of austerity. He ordered a cell to be provided for him, but as a tardiness was shewn in the execution of his order, he grew impatient, and chose a tub for his habitation. He also subsisted by begging. Yet with all his affected humility, he was insufferably proud, looked down with contempt