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able works, in this style, of the present day, are by | 1,175 feet round: 70 feet high (inside, the ground is H. Flandrin.

The churches of the college, and of St. Bandile, are also seen, the latter having a good façade. There are two Protestant churches, Grand and Petit Temple (a Protestant church was founded as early as 1559, by G. Moget); and a synagogue in Rue Rousny. An Hôtel Dieu, founded 1313, by Raymond Rosi, was rebuilt 1830; Richard's large hopital, for old people, foundlings, and lunatics, was founded 1686, and enlarged 1811. The Palais de Justice, in the classical style (after the Propylæa at Athens), was built 1826, on the site of Plotinus's Roman basilica, Dear the railway station and Cours Feuchéres.

Maison Centrale de Detention (house of detention), on the site of Vauban's citadel and Fort de Rohan, serves for 13 departments, and has room for 1,200. The bibliothèque of 40,000 volumes and MSS., is connected with the cabinet of natural history. On the site of the Recollets convent is the Theatre, by Meunier, with an Ionic portico of 16 pillars. Not far from this is one of the great antiquarian treasures of the city, the

Maison Carrée (i. e. Square House), the common name of a beautiful Temple, founded either by Augustus or Agrippa (the inscription being gone), and thought to have been part of the public forum. At one time it was used as a church (St. Etienne), then, in the 11th cent., as the Hôtel de Ville, then as a stable (by one Brueys), and latterly as part of the Austin convent; but it is now restored with great care, and occupied as a Museum and picture gallery, in which are Delaroche's well known "Cromwell," and Sigalon's "Nero."

It stands inside a railing, on a stylobate or basement, 21 feet high, to which fifteen steps lead; is externally 82 feet by 40; and is surrounded on three sides, by fluted Corinthian pillars, having rich capitals, supporting a well-carved cornice and freize. Of the pillars, ten are in the north portico (six in front); and the ten down each side are (some of them) half let into the wall, but not at equal distances. The door under the portico, 9 feet by 9, leads into the temple itself, which is 52 feet by 36, and 36 feet high, and lit from the roof. Cardinal Alberoni was so charmed with this work that he said it ought to have a gold case; and Colbert and Napoleon thought of transporting it, stone by stone, to Versailles. It is open to the public on Sunday, but may be visited at any time by strangers with passports.

The Arénes (arena) or Amphitheatre, the best preserved one existing, after that at Verona, stands in an open space, and is an oval, lying east and west, 437 feet by 332 outside; 226 feet by 124 inside;

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73 feet lower). It is composed of two rows, of sixty equal arches each, in a plain Tuscan or Doric style, with a cornice between the rows, pilasters between the arches in the first row, and pillars between those in the second. These arches communicate with the corridors and passages leading inside. Four principal entrances front the points of the compass, that on the north being distinguished by a pediment and two carved bulls. On the north-east side you may trace bas-reliefs of fighting gladiators, and the story of Romulus and Remus suckled by the Wolf; and round the top (which is broken, towards the east) are holes for the poles, upon which the awning was spread. In the inside are remains of the 32 rows of seats (16 or 17 may be traced), made of enormous stones, and ranged in four divisions, according to the rank of the sitters, who came in and out by the passages or vomitories. It may have held from 18,000 to 20,000 when full, that is, some thousands less than the one at Arles, and only one fourth of the Colosseum; and was used not only for the inhuman gladiator combats, but for naumachia or sea-fights, water being brought to it by the great Pont du Gard aqueduct. Machicolated towers were at one time annexed to this classic pile; and it was turned into a castle, to which the church of St. Martin was added (inside) in the 11th century; but this and the houses piled against it have been long removed, and it is now taken proper care of. Some may even think that it has been restored too carefully. Wild bulls from the Camargue are sometimes baited here. A fine moonlight view may be enjoyed from the hills, to the north.

At a beautiful spot, near Place de la Boquerie, called Jardin de la Fontaine, after a spring which rises at the Creux de la Fontaine, and supplies the town, are the remains of the

Temple of Diana, built by Augustus, and ruined by Charles Martel, after he had driven out the Saracens. It is used as a bath; the great aqueduct came in here, into a château d'eau or reservoir, lately discovered. M. Crespon has a museum of natural history here. Beyond this, on Mont Cavalier, is the

Tour Magne (Great Tower), a conspicuous mark for the city, and commanding a great sweep of view. It is a ruin, six-sided at bottom, and eight-sided above where it narrows; about 110 feet high (it might have been 130 once), and 65 feet through at bottom-the top being less than half as much; and built of rough stones, with an arched base pierced with windows, and remains of four Ionic pilasters on one side, in the upper story. There is no staircase or roof. Some think it was a Roman watch tower, others, a mausoleum. Behind the cypresses, here, was the burial

ground, where urns, amphora, pottery, and bones have been found.

Out of ten Roman Gates in the ancient walls, two are left. That called Porte de France, near the hospital, on St. Gilles road, is a single plain arch, 22 feet high, 13 wide, with round towers at the sides. Porte d'Auguste, on the Domitian way, or road to Rome, is more ornamented than the other, and was built in the year 7 B. C., along with the wall, as an inscription to Augustus testifies. It has four arches through it, two large and two small, with an Ionic column between two Corinthian pilasters on the face. Among the ancient buildings which have disappeared were the Capitol, on the site of the gendarmerie; the Baths, in Porte St. Antoine; Basilica, where the Palais de Justice now stands, &c. Charles VI. built a castle near Porte des Carmes; pulled down 1693.

Several Protestant martyrs were burnt, 1551, in Place de la Salmandre (the crest of Francis I.); and on Place de Boucaire, Roland and other Camisard leaders were burnt, 1705. Besides the College, there are a large priests' Seminary, and schools of the Brothers of Christian Doctrine; also Protestant schools attached to an orphan home and a Normal school. A Protestant Cemetery is on the Alais road, with "Après la mort, le jugement" (after death, the judgment) over the gate; beyond it are the stone quarries in the Garriques hills. Tertiary fossils are found on Puy d'Autel, a hill to the south-west, towards St. Cessaire, where the telegraph stands.

Of the three railway stations, or embarcadères, for Alais, Beaucaire, and Montpellier, that for the last is the best, and is 328 feet long. The people are rough and independent in their manners, and divided into two distinct religious and hostile parties, formerly styled Grand and Petit Croix. Though the climate is better than that of Marseilles, it is still too cold and exposed to the mistral and vent-de-bise, for persons in weak health (Lee's Companion to the Continent.

Wheat is thrashed in the open air by horses; and the plough, or charrue, still keeps its classic shape. The dry and parched district round Nismes, and extending to Aigues-Mortes is to be irrigated and reclaimed by means of the Rhône, by a company, of which Lord Ward is president.

Among its natives are Nicot, who brought tobacco into France (called Nicotina, after him), and Guizot, the statesman; Reboul, the baker-poet, is a resident; Cavalier, the Camisard leader, was also a baker. He died a pensioner at Chelsea Hospital. Eleven Protestant pastors are stationed here. The Rev. F. Gouthier, whose life has been written by his nephews, the Villemins, laboured here for nine years.

The manufactures are shawls, gloves, silk goods, cotton, carpets (at Flessier's factory), pianos, steam engines; there is a trade also in grain, wine, eaux-devie, olive oil, drugs, essences, &c.*

Conveyances by rail to Alais (2 hours), by rail to Alais, Besseges, and Grand Combe (see Route 31). Carriages to Pont du Gard, 12 fr. there and back (see Route 20).

[At 4 kil. south is Caissargues, which has good fishing in the Vistre, and had a castle, pulled down 1574. Names ending in argues, so common hereabouts, are derived from ager, a field, as in this name-Cassil ager, i. e., Cassius' field, or farm. --About 15 kil. further on is Gilles-les-Boucheries, in a wine country, on a rock near the Canal de Beaucaire, and so called after St. Gilles abbey, of which the highly carved Romanesque church of the 12th cent. remains, having behind it St. Gilles' screw, or spiral staircase. The Knights-Templars had a priory here. Distilling, &c., are carried on. Raymond, Count of Toulouse, was absolved here by the pope's legate, after being scourged, 1209, and here Clement IV. was born.-Nearly 30. kil. further south, among the sand hills at the mouth of the Petit Rhône, is Les Saintes Maries, and its ancient fortified church, with towers and battlements, and curious carvings, and four paintings on wood, by King René.]

Leaving Nimes, the next station is

St, Cesaire (12 mile), with little to arrest attention, any more than those which follow.

Milhaud (2 miles) is approached in a cutting Pop., 1,650.

Bernis (12 mile).

Uchaud (1 mile), or Uchaux, in the midst of vineyards.

[12 kil. south of it is Vauvert, i. e., Valée-vert (or Green Valley), the centre of the wine district in this quarter, and once the site of a château, visited by St. Louis, and pulled down, 1628. An old castle (Beauvoison) of the Templars is near.] The road is crossed by a Roman bridge over the Vidourle, where we enter department Hérault. Vergeze (31 miles). Here are some old min eral springs, useful in rheumatism, &c.

Aigues-Vives (1 mile) manufactures living waters," in the form of eau-de-vie. Pop., 1,700. Gallargues (14 mile). Pop., 2,100.

Lunel (3 miles), a town of 6,400 souls, in depart ment Hérault, trading in muscat or sweet wines.

*See "Tableaux pittoresque, &c., de Nismes, et de ocs irons," by Rev. E. Frossard.

able works, in this style, of the present day, are by | 1,175 feet round: 70 feet high (inside, the ground is H. Flandrin.

The churches of the college, and of St. Bandile, are also seen, the latter having a good façade. There are two Protestant churches, Grand and Petit Temple (a Protestant church was founded as early as 1559, by G. Moget); and a synagogue in Rue Rousny. An Hôtel Dieu, founded 1313, by Raymond Rosi, was rebuilt 1830; Richard's large hopital, for old people, foundlings, and lunatics, was founded 1686, and enlarged 1811. The Palais de Justice, in the classical style (after the Propylæa at Athens), was built 1826, on the site of Plotinus's Roman basilica, near the railway station and Cours Feuchéres.

Maison Centrale de Detention (house of detention), on the site of Vauban's citadel and Fort de Rohan, serves for 13 departments, and has room for 1,200. The bibliothèque of 40,000 volumes and MSS., is connected with the cabinet of natural history. On the site of the Recollets convent is the Theatre, by Meunier, with an Ionic portico of 16 pillars. Not far from this is one of the great antiquarian treasures of the city, the

Maison Carrée (i. e. Square House), the common name of a beautiful Temple, founded either by Augustus or Agrippa (the inscription being gone), and thought to have been part of the public forum. At one time it was used as a church (St. Etienne), then, in the 11th cent., as the Hôtel de Ville, then as a stable (by one Brueys), and latterly as part of the Austin convent; but it is now restored with great care, and occupied as a Museum and picture gallery, in which are Delaroche's well known "Cromwell," and Sigalon's "Nero."

It stands inside a railing, on a stylobate or basement, 21 feet high, to which fifteen steps lead; is externally 82 feet by 40; and is surrounded on three sides, by fluted Corinthian pillars, having rich capitals, supporting a well-carved cornice and freize. Of the pillars, [ten are in the north portico (six in front); and the ten down each side are (some of them) half let into the wall, but not at equal distances. The door under the portico, 9 feet by 91, leads into the #self, which is 52 f

7 feet lower). It is composed of two rows, of sixty equal arches each, in a plain Tuscan or Doric style, with a cornice between the rows, pilasters between the arches in the first row, and pillars between those in the second. These arches communicate with the corridors and passages leading inside. Four principal entrances front the points of the compass, that on the north being distinguished by a pediment and two carved bulls. On the north-east side you may trace bas-reliefs of fighting gladiators, and the story of Romulus and Remus suckled by the Wolf; and round the top (which is broken, towards the east) are holes for the poles, upon which the awning was spread. In the inside are remains of the 32 rows of seats (16 or 17 may be traced), made of enormous stones, and ranged in four divisions, according to the rank of the sitters, who came in and out by the passages or vomitories. It may have held from 18,000 to 20,000 when full, that is, some thousands less than the one at Arles, and only one fourth of the Colosseum; and was used not only for the inhuman gladiator combats, but for naumachia or sea-fights, water being brought to it by the great Pont du Gard aqueduct. Machicolated towers were at one time annexed to this classic pile; and it was turned into a castle, to which the church of St. Martin was added (inside) in the 11th century; but this and the houses piled against it have been long removed, and it is now taken proper care of. Some may even think that it has been restored too carefully. Wild bulls from the Camargue are sometimes baited here. A fine moonlight view may be enjoyed from the hills, to the north.

At a beautiful spot, near Place de la Boquerie, called Jardin de la Fontaine, after a spring which rises at the Creux de la Fontaine, and supplies the town, are the remains of the

Temple of Diana, built by Augustus, and ruined by Charles Martel, after he had driven out the Saracens. It is used as a bath; the great aqueduct came in here, into a château d'eau or reservoir, lately discovered. M. Crespon has a museum of natural history here. Beyond this, on Mont Cavalier, is the

Tour Magne (Great Tower), a conspicuous mark for the city, and commanding a great sweep of view. It is a ruin, six-sided at bottom, and eight-sided above where it narrows; about 110 feet high (it might have been 130 once), and 65 feet through at bottom-the top being less than half as much; and built of rough stones, with an arched base pierced with windows,

1 remains of four Ionic pilasters on one side, in upper story. There is no staircase or roof. Some k it was a Roman watch tower, others, a mausoBehind the cypresses, here, was the burial

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