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The Gothic church of St. Paul-les-Daa, in the reighbourhood, deserves notice for the curious and fantastic carvings upon it. At Tarcis (17 kil.), is another mineral spa. To the south-east of it, up the Arrigan, is the town of POUILLON (pop., 3,200), which is equally noted for a warm mineral spa, and contains the old feudal château of Lamothe. Indeed, one has only to dig a few yards into the soil round Dax, and you are sure to come to warm springs, of more or less value, for curative purposes.

refuge when driven out of Spain by Ferdinand and Isabella. The Circus has been rebuilt and enlarged for bull-fights, which were first celebrated here, September, 1852, and are to be repeated annually in the Spanish manner.

BAYONNE.

1233 miles from Bordeaux, 487 miles from Paris. HOTELS.-Hotel St. Martin, first-class hotel, moderate charges, English spoken.

Hotel Commerce; St. Etienne; Des Bains Du Riviere-Saas (5) miles). A suspension bridge buses from the station to the town, 25 centimes; 25 Midi; Du Grand d'Espagne: De Providence. Omnis crosses the Adour. centimes for each package.

Saubusse (3 miles), on the Adour, has a pop. of 1,00), and mineral and mud baths, at a spot called balas de Joannan, in which chlorides of sodium and lime prevail. The Pyrenees in view.

Post Office, end of Rue du Gouvernement. Pop. 19,150. High water at full and change 3h. 30m, the

tide rising 14 feet.

English Consul, F. Graham, Esq., of whom pass

St. Geours (3 miles), among forests of pine, is an entrepôt for the Marensin, as the tract here bor-ports for Spain may be had. dering on the Gulf of Gascony (maris sinus) is called. Pop. 1,500.

St. Vincent-de-Tyrosse (3 miles). Pop. 1.083.

[To the north-west is the decayed port of
VIEUX BOCAULT, among sand-hills (some 200 feet
high), on the Bay of Biscay, which was of im-
portance between 1360, when the course of the
Adour was turned into it, and 1560, when it was
made to take its oll course. Its name is derived
from bouche, a mouth. A lake here is called
étang de Moison, after an old skipper, who was
so unwilling to believe that the river was turned
another way, that he kept his vessel at anchor
in the stream, till there was no water left to
carry him out to soa.

A little west is

A sous-préfecture in department Basses-Pyrénées (part of Gascony), seat of a bishopric, fortress of the first class, on the Spanish frontier, and a thriving Port, on the Adour, where the Nive joins it, about 3 miles from the Bay of Biscay. It has a good harbour (as the name signifies in the Basque langunge, Baia and ona), at their junction, close to Pont Mayour, but the mouth is obstructed by a dangerous bar, near which the Duke of Wellington crossed the Adour, February, 1814, on a bridge of boats.

The town was founded in the 10th or 11th cent.; and having come to the English, was taken from them, 1451, being the last place they retained in France, except Calais. It is defended by high and strong ramparts, and divided by the rivers into three parts, viz., Grand and Petit Bayonne, and the suburb of St. Esprit, which stands on the right bank of the Cape Breton, once a good port, when the Adour ran Adour, and contains the Citadel (as above mentioned), by it into the Bay of Biscay, from which sand- which commands the town and country around. hills now hide it. Some say it was founded by There is a noble prospect, hence, over the town, the Brutus as Caput Eruti. Part of a Knight Tem-wide estuary of the Adour, and the forests at its plars' house is seen among the ruins. Pop. 900. The enterprising sailors of this part of France discovered and gave name to the Island of Cape Breton, in 1491, now part of British America.] La Benne (7 miles), near the unhealthy étang d'orx. Through a fine forest, close to the sea, to

Le Boucaurt (6 miles), a little pilot village, near the embouchure of the Adour, which forms a harbour here. At 1 mile beyond is Bayonne, with the Pyrenees in view.

It is entered by a wooden bridge over the Adour, from the suburb of St. Esprit (pop. 7,000), which contains Vauban's Citadel upon the heights over the town. Until 1831 the Jews of Bayonne were obliged to retire to this quarter at sunset. Here they found

mouth, the Nive, Biarritz, &c., with the snowy peaks of the Pyrenees to the south. Underneath is the English cemetery, where several officers of the Coldstreams are buried, who fell when Bayonne was invested, 1814. A bridge of boats crosses this part of the Adour, and two bridges cross the Nive.

The main street is good, but the rest are narrow; houses of stone, three or four stories high. Place Grammont is the best and the liveliest spot; there is a beautiful walk along the Allées Maritimes, a sort of jetty, one mile long, near the quays, with good prospects. The Bayonnaise women are considered pretty.

The small Cathedru? (in course of restoration) is of the 13th to 16th centuries, and is 256 feet long, but

hemmed in with houses. The large cloisters were built by the English. Notice a new altar of 1854, the handsome pavement in the sanctuary, and the cross of St. Francis de Sales. The diocese is as old as the 4th cent. The new church of St. André is in the style of the 13th cent.

Observe also the Hotel de Ville, douane, and theatre in one pile, surrounded by arcades; the old château, built in the 12th cent., by its last counts, with round towers, of the 15th cent., now a barrack; the Château Neuf, between the Adair and Nive; the arsenal armoury; new military hospital, built 1841, on the site of a convent; the mint and naval dock, &c. There are a chamber of commerce and navigation school. In rue Lormaud, No. 8, is an inscription to a "beinfacteur de Bayonne," who left property for repairing the cathedral.

A large proportion of the population is Jewish, that body being very wealthy, in consequence of the flourishing condition of the smuggling business which is carried on with Spain by the contrabandistas.

General Harispe, Lafitte, the banker, Admiral Bruix, and Duverger de Hauranne, the friend of Jansenius, were natives. The bayonette, they say, was invented here; and here (at Château de Marrac, burnt 1825), Napoleon seized Charles IV. of Spain, with his queen and his son Ferdinand, 1808. frontier position has necessarily made it a place for many interviews between French and Spanish personages, of historical importance. Rev. M. Nogaret is Protestant pastor.

Its

Manufactures-eaux-de-vie d' Hendaye, glass bottles (sand being plentiful), hams (cured at Othez, Dax, &c.), chocolate, sugar, &c.; and a trade with Spain in timber, wool, wines, drugs, resin, fish, &c.

Conveyances to Biarritz, Pau, St. Sebastian (in SPAIN), on the way to Madrid. A railway is projected in this direction, past Irun, St. Sebastian, Tolosa, Bilboa, Vittoria, Burgos, Valladolid, &c., to Madrid; 685 kil., or 427 miles long. There is a steamer on the Adour.

From Bayonne (leaving the road into Spain), beyond Anglet, you come to

BIARRITZ (6 kil). Hotels.-Hotel de France, well situated, and highly recommended. Hotel d'Angleterre, excellent accommodation, moderate charges.

Les Ambassadeurs, excellent table d'hôte (Spanish); Des Princes; Dumont: De l'Europe; De l'Ocean; D'Espagne: De Russie: Joseph, &c.

This favourite bathing-place of the Emperor and Empress of the French is on the Bay of Biscay. here lined with picturesque limestone cliffs. 50 to 120 feet high, hollowed into caves, as the Chamber of Love. near the Pharos. on Cape St. Marten. &c. It is reached by omnibuses every hour, but the country people ride en cacoles, that is, in a pannier on one side of a horse, the other being filled by the driver, Population, 2,410,

The Villa Eugenie, finished 1857, and the new church, are at Cote du Moulins, (or des Fous), on a pretty bay, divided by the promontory of Atalaye (and its old castle) from petit port and Vieux Port. Both this and Cote du Moulin are abundantly supplied with lodging houses, machines, &c., and there is good bathing on fine soft sand.

BIDART (11 kil. from Bayonne), where the Basque nationality begins to appear.

ST. JEAN DE LUZ (9 kil. from Bidart), a fortified town of 2,660 souls, at the Nivelle's mouth, once of greater importance, and now growing into a bathing place. At the Chateau (Louis XIV.), his marriage with the Infanta Maria Theresa was celebrated, 1660. There are other old houses to be seen.

URRUGNE (5 kil.), near Montagne d'Arrhune, in the Lower Pyrenees mountains, and the Bidassoa, which divides France and Spain. The heights were defended by Soult against Wellington, who passed this way, October, 1813, into France. A bridge crosses the river at Bebobia (the last French post town and custom-house), to Irun; and at its mouth are Andaye (French) and Fuentarabia (truly Spanish).

(a) Up the Nive you pass Ureury (20 kil.), near Cambo Spa, which Napoleon visited, 1808; then Irissari (20 kil.); then St. Jean Pied-de-Port (12 kil.), the old capital of Navarre; beyond which is Roncevaux, or Roncesvalles (in Spain), where Roland and his brave peers were killed, 778.

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where the Midou joins it, thus forming the Medouze. After its first foundation by Charlemagne, on a slight eminence (from which it obtained the name of Montagne de Mars), it was ruined by the Normans in the 11th cent.; and then rebuilt once more by the Counts de Marsan, 1140, taken by the Protestant leader, Montgomery, 1560, and united to the crown, with Henry IV.'s other possessions. The rivers form a little port at Place de Commerce, and are crossed by five or six bridges.

It is regularly built, and has many fountains and public baths, one is a cold ferruginous spring. The chief edifices are the préfecture, palais de justice, house of detention, the barracks, and a pepinière, or nursery of plants, &c., for the department, where there is a pleasant promenade. There is another on the site of Montneval castle, which Louis XIII. ordered to be razed in the religious troubles. It was at Mont-de-Marsan that Francis I. first saw his mistress, Mdlle. d' Heilly, who became Duchesse d'Étampes; and here, 1527, he married Charles V.'s sister, Eleanor, in Ste. Claire's convent, which was afterwards burnt. The women are small, but pretty, and simply dressed.

Trade in cloth, wine, eaux-de-vie.
Conveyances to St. Sever, Grenade, Cazères, Aire,
Barcelonne (in Gers), Riscles, Castelnau, Rivière-
Basse, Maubourget, Vic-Bigorre, Tarbes, Bagnères-
di-Bigorre.

The country to the south presents an inviting contrast to that of the Landes, which still prevails on the north, west, and east. "Nothing is seen for miles but extensive marshy wastes without any sign of habitation, beyond here and there a turf hovel to afford shelter to the peasantry, who are employed to superintend the flocks of sheep, and whose aspect is sufficiently indicative of the malarious influence of the locality. A man, woman, and child frequently go together, walking on their stilts, the woman being usually employed in knitting; and, seen from afar, the group presents rather a grotesque appearance."(Lee's Companion to the Continent).

[At 22 kil. north-west of Mont-de-Marsan is ROQUEFORT, on the high road to Bordeaux, at the junction of the Douze and Estampon; on the rocks above which stand an old castle and a modern château.]

The first place on the Tarbes road is

also remains of the château of the Dukes of Gascony. It was taken from the English, 1426. There is a column to General Lamargue, a native. At Peulvan (near the town), and Peyrelongue (8 kil. off), Druid stones are seen. Hotel.-Des Voyageurs.

About 14 kil. south of St. Sever on the Loute, at Hagetman, is an old castle of the kings of Navarre. Orthez is 39 kil. from St. Sever.] AIRE (7 kil.), near the head of the Adour, where the roads to Auch and Agen turn off, is an old decayed place of 4,300 population, and seat of a bishopric, having, on Mas-d'Aire hill, remains of the seat of the Visigoth king, Alaric II., who here promulgated the Theodosian code. It suffered from the ravages of the Normans and the English; and in the religious wars which followed at a later period. The cathedral is rather old than beautiful. An ancient convent is now the priests' seminary. The diocese of Dax is united to that of Aire. At 50 kil. south is Pau (Route 65).

The direct road to Tarbes is by way of Madiran (28 kil.) and Vic-en-Bigorre (26 kil.); or up the Adour, to Plaisance (31 kil.), and thence to Maubourget and VIC-EN-BIGORRE (27 kil.), a pretty village, (pop. 3,800) on the Salat, in Hautes Pyrénées, with a ruined castle and walls. At 21 kil. further, is

TARBES,

About 60 miles from Mont-de-Marsan station.
HOTELS.-Du Grand Soleil; De l'Europe; De la

Paix.

Pop. 11,300. Chief town of department HautesPyrénées, seat of a bishopric, &c. It was formerly called Turta, and was the capital of the Bigerrones, who gave name to the surrounding district of Bigorre, which, as part of Guienne, was held by the English till the time of Charles VII. It stands on the Adour, in the midst of a rich and wide plain (1,000 feet above sea), watered by the numerous branches of that river and the Garonne, and crowded with villages and fragments of rock washed from the Pyrenees-with the Pic du Midi de Bigorre in view, on the south.

The roads to the watering places and passes of the mountains strike out here, as from a centre; and a convenient market is therefore held every other week, attended by the country people; when corn, potatoes, cheese, salt provisions, tools, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, mules, linens, and other necessaries are sold.

GRENADE (15 kil.), a little village on the Adour, Here you may see the Béarnais, with his white blouse, where Marshal Perrignon was born. (About 6 kil. down the river is

ST. SEVER, a sous-préfecture of 5,000 souls in a pleasant hollow; having an old church, which was part of a Benedictine abbey, founded 993;

blue berret or cap, and curly hair; the women with their red capulets; the Spanish muleteer; and a variety of picturesque costumes.

Streams of

The town is regular and well built. water run through the streets, which are lined with

houses, constructed of brick and pebbles, or of native a flat cultivated spot, 1,820 feet above sea, between marble, roofed with slate. Each has its own garden. the gave (i.e. burn or rivulet) and hill of Olivet; and It includes five suburbs or faubourgs; a good six-is regularly built, with no remarkable edifices, though arch stone bridge crosses the river, near Place Mer- lodgings, hotels, cafés, and other accommodations for cadieu, where the markets are held. Place Mau- strangers, are abundant and cheap. The season lasts bourguet is at the centre of the town. There is a from May to October, when the population is doubled well-planted walk on the Prado. by invalids and pleasure-seekers. Lodgings cost 1 to 2 fr. a-day; sometimes much more.

The Cathedral, called La Sède, is not remarkable, except for a fine altar under columns of Italian breccia. It stands on the site of the ancient Castrum Bigorra. St. Therese's church has a tall spire. The old palace of the bishops is used for the préfecture; and the château of its counts, in Place de la Portèle, is used for a prison.

There is a cavalry barrack and riding school; also another barrack in what was the Ursuline convent; a convent; with a new theatre, a good hospital, priests' seminary, college, school of design, library of 7,000 volumes, baths, &c. Marshal de Castelnau (ambassador to England in the 16th cent.), and General Dembarrère, as well as the infamous Barère, of the Convention, were natives.

Paper, copper goods, cutlery, nails, carts, &c., are made; trade in white wines, spirits, leather, marble, oil, grain, hams, horses, cattle, &c.

Coaches to Pau and Bayonne (malle-poste); see Routes 63, 65. Pau is 66 kil. west. Also, to Auch, Bordeaux, Agen, Toulouse (Route 66), St. Gaudens, Bagnères-de-Bigorre, and Bagnères-de-Luchon, St. Sauveur, Cauterets.

Various Excursions may be made to Lourdes, Argèles, Val d'Azur, Arrens, and Poucy-la-Huc chapels, St. Savin church and its fine view over the Vallée de Devantaygue, Luz, St. Sauveur, Gavarnie fall, Héas chapel, Baréges, the Pic du Midi, &c.

[About 10 kil. south-west is OsSUN, giving name to a distinguished family, who built an old château here, near which, on another point, is a large Roman camp, fortified, they say, by Crassus. On a plain called Lanne Maurine, a bloody battle was fought with the Saracens in the 8th cent. Population 3,243]

MOMÈRES (7 kil. up the Adour). MONT-GALLIARD (6 kil), where the road to Lourdes, Argeles, Cauterets, and St. Sauveur turns off. BAGNERES-DE-BIGORRE

Is 8 kil. further.

HOTELS.- De Paris, situated on the Promenads des Coustoux, in the centre of the town, Mr. Nogués, proprietor; De France; De Londres; De Frascati; De la Providence; Du Grand Soleil. Cafes: Des Voyageurs; De Paris; De l'Union; Du Commerce; Des Pyrenees.

A sous-préfecture of 7,856 pop., the second town in the department, and the Bath" of France, being the best and most fashionable watering-place in the country. It stands on the Adour (crossed by two bridges), at the entrance of the Val de Campan, in

Orchards, vineyards, bright green meadows (a rare thing in France), fields of buckwheat, &c., are seen in the neighbourhood, with woods of oak and beach on the hills, and something like the parks and gardens of England. The air is pure and delightful. The people are tall and well made. Houses are built of limestone, while cool streams run all day long from the river, through the streets, which are paved with pebble mosaic.

Le Coustou, or the Parc, a shady place in the centre of the town, is the chief rendezvous. Here are the cafés, theatre, (over the chapel of St. Jean, belonging to the Knights of Malta), and the large parish church of St. Vincent, which has a steeple and some carvings on wood. Other walks are the Allées Bourbon, and the Elysées Cottin and Azaïs, named after those authors.

One avenue leads from the Hôtel des Thermes bathing house (built of marble, in 1823, and 207 feet long), to the Bains de Salut, in a limestone ravine in Monné hill, behind which is Mont Bédat and its grotto. The baths of Lapeyriè, Grand Pré, CarrèreLannes, and Versailles, are to be found on this road. Those of Cazaux, Théas, &c., are under Olivet hill. Petit-Prieur supplies the civil hospital, for the poor; the remainder take the names Bellevue (from the prospect near it), Morat, Lasserre, Pinac, la Gautière, and de Salie-the last being especially useful in the cure of old wounds.

About thirty springs are counted, varying from 90 to 135° temperature, and supplying eighty-five marble baignoires. They are usually taken in the morning. They contain iron, with salts of soda and magnesia, and are tasteless, clear, aperient, and tonic. The Fontaines d'Angoulème and des Demoiselles Carrère are chiefly iron. A sulphur spring, called Labasserre, is 8 kil. off, on the Loussonet. The price of a bath is 1 fr. To the Romans these waters were known as the Vicus Aquensis; and they have kept up their reputation to the present day.

The town was made over to the Black Prince by John of France. An old Gothic tower of the Jacobins convent remains. Among the conveniences for visitors are Jalons' Musée des Pyrenées and reading-room, Dossun's library, and the Frascati athenæum and music hall, Horses (at 5 fr. a day),

mules, donkey chaises, haises à porteur (20 fr.) for ladies and invalids, and other conveyances abound; guides 5 fr. a day.

Paper (at Lasserre's factory), warm woollen and knitted crepes de Baréges, are manufactured here. Here Grenzet's marble works (the veined Marbre de Campan), may also be visited. The "Archives Evangeliques," a Protestant journal, edited by Rev. E. Possard, is published at Bagnères.

Coaches to Tarbes, Barèges, St. Sauveur, Cauterets, Bagnères-de-Luchon, Pau, Toulouse, Auch, St. Gaudens, Condom, Marmande, Grip, Oloron, Agen.

Excursions from Bagnères.-Near the town are the heights of Chipolou (above the fontaine d'Angoulême), the farms of Mentilo and Métaon, the promenade of Monto-Pouzac (where the races are held), and its Roman camp. Other points of interest are Val de Campan and its grotto (3 kil.), Grip (12 kil.), Vals de Tribons and de l'Esponne, Médows convent, Ordinséde, Barèges, Pic du Midi (16 kil.), Penn de l'Héris, &c.

Ascending the Adour, you pass Aste and Baudéan (where Larrey the surgeon was born), beyond which the fine Val de l'Esponne joins, leading up to lac Bleu in Pic de Montaigu, past l'Esponne and Traonessaron. Further up the Adour is

Campan (6 kil. from Bagnères), which gives name to a beautiful valley, one of the richest in the department for its verdure and scenery. Pop., 4,171. It stands under the precipices of the Penn de l'Heris, or Lleyris, about 6,300 feet above sea.

Further on, is St. Marie (5 kil.) where the southcast head of the Adour runs up past the marble quarries of Peyrehite and Espinadet (8 kil.), to Col d'Aspin, whence it is about 10 kil. to Arreau, in Val d'Aure (see Route 67), and from which there is a path over the mountains to Bagnères-de-Luchon.

From St. Marie, up the south-west or main head of the Adour, you come to the pretty falls of Grip and Artigues (8 kil.); thence the path leads (15 kil.) over the Tourmalet Pass to Barèges (in Route 65, below), leaving the Pic d'Espade, Néouvielle, &c., on the left, and the Pic du Midi de Bigorre, on the right. The latter is 9,430 feet above sea to its sharp top, which commands a noble prospect. The pass itself is 2,300 feet lower.

ROUTE 65.

Dax, to Orthez, Pau, Eaux-Bonnes, Cauterets, St. Sauveur, Bareges, Mont Perdu, &c.

Distance, about 106 miles.

Dax stat., as in Route 63, on the Bordeaux and Bayonne lines. The next place is

PEYREHORADE (25 kil.), a pretty spot, on the Bayonne and Pau road, where the Gave d'Oloron (gave, a mountain torrent) joins that of Pau. It has an old castle, flanked by great towers; and stone quarries. Pop. 2,700. Bayonne, 34 kil. west. PUYOO (16 kil.), another pretty spot, in department Basses-Pyrenées, on the Gave de Pau.

ORTIEZ (13 kil.), or Orthes, a well-built sous-pré fecture of 7,100 souls, in department Basses-Pyrences, pleasantly seated where six roads join, on a hill-side by the Gave de Pau, at the old Gothic bridge, which has a ruined tower on it. It was taken from the Counts of Dax by Gaston III., one of the Princes of Béarn, whose seat was at the decayed Château de Moncade. where Blanche of Castile was poisoned by her sister, the wife of Gaston IV., and where Gaston, surnamed Phoebus, killed his own son, and died. The castle tower commands a view over the fertile district of Béarn.

In the town is a new Hôtel de Ville, a market ball, and fountains. It was a flourishing place, and the seat of a Protestant University, founded by Henri Quatre's mother, till the revocation of the Edict of

Nantes.

On the hills above it, the Duke of Wellington beat the French, 27th February, 1814, after crossing the Pyrenées.

Woolen stuffs, linseed oil, leather, &c., are made, and Bayonne hams cured here; there are large sawworks, and a trade in goose feathers.

HOTELS.-Bergerot; Sené.

Coaches to Bayonne, Pau, Mont de Marsan. [AMOU (13 kil. north), a town of 2,000 pop., on the Luy de Béarn. It has a good church, with one of the best Gothic spires in the department (Landes), and a château by Mansard. For Orthez, to St. Jean Pied-du-Port, you take a turning, 5 kil, west of it, which leads to SALIES (9 kil.), or Sailles, so called from a brine

spring, which is used to cure the Bayonne hams. SAUVETERRE (9 kil.), on the Gave d' Oloron, is remarkable for a decayed tower and other antique ruins.

ST. PALAIS (14 kil.), on the Bidouze, was an important place in French Navarre, where Henri d'Albret established his chancery, after the loss of Pampeluna.

LARCEREAU (15 kil.), up the Bidouze.. About 21 kil. east, by a winding road among the hills, is the small sous-préfecture of

MAULÉON (pop. 1,145), on the Saison, or Gave de Mauléon divided into Basse and Haute Ville, the latter including an ancient château.

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