SAVIGNY (pop., 1,800), which produces Vergelesses Hotels-Bauquis; De France; Brian; De l'Arbre d'Or; Du Chevreuil. A sous-préfecture, and centre of the Burgundy wine trade, on the Bouzoise, with a pop. of 10,800, mostly wine-dealers, coopers, &c., which has decreased since the rail interfered with the carrying trade. It was a Roman military post, and, in the 13th cent., noted for its scarlet dye, and the excellence of its iron and steel articles. Two round towers of Louis XI.'s castle remain; the rest was destroyed by Henry IV., 1602. The Collegiate Church of Notre Dame, a curious building with several low spires, begun in the 12th cent., was restored 1852. It has some old tapestry. Chancellor Rollin's hospital, founded 1443, is in the Gothic style, with a court, &c., and Van Eyck's "Last Judgment." There are a library of 30,000 vols., and a museum, a belfry of the 14th cent., a corn market (halle au blé), the de l'Aigue fountain, public gardens and baths, a theatre, &c., with Rude's statue of Monge, the mathematician, a native. Coaches to Santenay, Decize, St. Léger, St. Berain, Couches, Creuzot, Montchanin, St. Émiland, Montceaux, Blanzy, Autun, Génelard, Digoin, &c. The line passes under the canal Du Centre, by a tunnel of 256 feet, then through the Chagny tunnel, 580 feet long, and through cuttings, ending in a view of the four towers of Rully Castle. Agneux camp (a Roman work) is near. Fontaines (14 miles), at the foot of Mont St. Hilaire, 395 yards high. Its old church was restored in 1825. We now enter a cutting, and the forest of Marlaux; cross the Thalie to St. Cosme cutting, where express trains stop; while ordinary trains proceed (over the Canal), to Chalons-sur-Saone (8) miies), or CHALON, as Pop., 18,430. A sous-préfecture in department Saône-et-Loire, and an ancient place, in a good situation for trade, being on the Saône, where it is navigable to Lyons, and whence the Canal du Centre (cut in 1791), proceeds to join the Loir, at Digoin. The town suffered greatly Coaches to Pommard, Volnay, Savigny, Seurre, in the inundations of 1840; and its carrying trade Nolay, Autun, and Bligny. and fairs have diminished in importance. (NOLAY (18 kil. south-west), in a white wine country, at the bottom of a narrow valley, has a good spire church, and the tower of its old château. Carnot was born here. On the promenade is la Journée fountain; and at Bout-du-wars between Louis XI. and his restless vassal, Monde (End of the World), at the source of the Cusanne (4 kil. off), is the fine fall of Ménevault, 66 feet down, into a rocky hollow below. On Chatillon hill a Roman camp is seen. Pop., 2,300.] It is Cæsar's Cabilonum, a town of the Ædui, which he made a Roman granary. Both Augustus and Constantine visited it. Attilla took it after a siege, 451; and the Saracens, in 732. It suffered in the Near the 6-arch viaduct, on the Bouzoise are POMMARD (pop. 1,170), and Volleney or VOLNAY, both noted for fine wines,-especially Caillerets and Champans, at the latter. Mersault (4 miles) has a spire church, and an old château, altered into a country house. Pop. 2,180. Its white and red wines are noted. [PULIGNY, further on, is the seat of the exquisite Montrachet wine; then Chassagne and its vineyards.] Cross the Dheune by a skew viaduct, to Chagny (5 miles), once a fortified post, now a great centre for wine. Pop. 2,870. A tower (used as a prison of its old castle) still remains. This was in 1365 the head-quarters of a gang of freebooters, called Ecorcheurs, whom Dugueselin got rid off by winning them over to his standard. The church has a Romanesque tower. Charles the Bold, who held it as part of Burgundy. Charles IX. built a citadel here, 1563, which has long disappeared. In the wars of the League it was the Duke of Mayenne's head quarters. The Austrians took it, 1814. The soil is very fertile; its broad quay offers a rather good view; and they say the Dauphiné Alps, though 120 miles off, may be seen (?) in clear weather. A stone bridge of 5 arches, with its piers carried above the parapet, in the form of obelisks, joins it to the suburb of St. Laurent, on an island in the river, where there is an hospital (1528) with public baths attached, and a promenade. This hospital has been rebuilt, and the stained windows and carvings of its old church are retained in the modern one. The principal Church, (once the seat of a bishop), is of the 13th cent., with two modern towers, and has been lately restored. This and another church (St. Pierre), are the only two left out of fourteen, which Chalons once possessed. The other noticeable objects are, a new Hôtel de Ville, bibliothèque of 10,000 vols., palais de justice (law court), salle de spectacle, a pretty cemetery, a prison on the solitary system, a modern halle aux grains, a fountain, with a figure of Neptune, in the Place de la Beaune (which has an old gate near it), a college, and a granite obelisk, in Grand Rue, on the canal. Denon, member of the Institute, and Niépce, one of the inventors of photography, are natives of Chalons. At 3 kil. to the east is the church of St. Marcel's Abbey, where Abelard died. Manufactures of oil from cole-seed (for which there are crushing mills), bricks, tiles, glass, beet-root sugar, white beer, iron barges, and écailles d'ablettes, for mock pearls. Trade in these, Burgundy wine, grain, timber, charcoal, &c., which find their way here, as an entrepôt for the north and east of France. Conveyances by coach to Autun and Lons-le-Saulnier (see Route 22). From Châlons the banks of the Saône are flat, at first, but cultivated with fruit trees and vineyards. Barges traverse the stream all day long. The railway takes the direction of the road, on the west side of the river. We pass St. Remy, and Taizé château, where Henry IV. and Mayenne signed the treaty which put an end to the civil war; Lux, so called because Constantine, it is said, saw the cross there; St. Loup, its pilgrim fountain, and old castle; Marny and its paper mills; Ormes, which had a bridge in Roman times; to Varennes-le-Grand (31 miles), in a pleasant meadow tract of country. Pop. 1,440. Ferté is the seat of Baron Thénard, the chemist. Cross the Grapilotte and Grosne, to Sennecey-le-Grand (5 miles). Pop. 2,500. Here are iron-works, mulberry gardens (first planted 1824), and remains of Ruffey Château. The old Chapel of the Sires de Lagny, on a hill, was restored in 1854. Coach to St. Gengoux-le-Royal. Across the Natouze, to Tournus (6 miles), an ancient town of 5,610 pop., at the new suspension bridge on five piers. It has an Hôtel de Ville, with a black granite pillar in front, found in the Sâone, and said to be Roman; a hospital of the 13th cent.; an old half Romanesque church, part of St. Philibert's Abbey, founded, 875, and restored, 1850, &c. There is a slab (over the house were he was born, 1725) to J. B. Greuze, the painter, some of whose works are in the Madeleine Church. Manufactures of pottery, leather, beer, sugar, couvertures, silk thread, &c. Hotels.-De l'Europe; du Sauvage, Coaches to Louhans, and Lons-le-Saulnier. Hotel.-Du Cheval Blanc (White Horse). At 27 kil. further is Lons-le-Saulnier. Route 22.] From Tournus, the line passes Villars church and château-the former of the 12th cent.; and UCHIZY, with a pop. of 1,522, mostly descendants of Illyrian settlers, who came here in the last century, and still remain a distinct people. There is a suspension bridge at Fleurville (8 miles), where Roman remains were found when the rail was made, 1853. At St. Albain, are the battered walls and tower of an old château, and its church is ancient. Coaches to Lugny, Romenay, and Pont de Vaux, near the east bank of the Saône, a pretty village in La Bresse, in dept. Aisne, noted for its capons. [About 5 or 6 miles to the west of St. Albin, is Cluny, which has the cloisters, abbot's house, a chapel, and two towers, of the famous Benedictine Abbey, the head of that order, which was destroyed at the Revolution, 1789. Its church was 600 feet long. It was rich in MSS.; and had a revenue of 70,000 livres.] Senozan (3 miles), a pleasant place, with some good paintings in its church. There are a few traces of a château, which, having been bought by a man who made a fortune by hawking lace, came to Talleyrand's brother, who married a descendant, and who was one of the last victims of the reign of terror. Many country houses and vineyards are seen on the hills round Mâcon, which is 7 miles from the last station. MACON, A buffet, 275 miles from Paris, 45 from Lyons. Here the direct line to Geneva, Aix, and Chambéry, parts off (Route 23) for through trains to Geneva and Turin-the only break to the latter being Mont Cenis, which is traversed by omnibus. HOTELS.-De l'Europe; Des Champs Elysées, close to the Railway Station, kept by Buchalet; Des way Station; Du Sauvage. Pop., 16,550. Etrangers, kept by M. Duvernet, opposite the Rail This chief town of department Saone-et-Loire, and head quarters of a military division, on a low hill, in a fertile spot, was once the Roman Matisco Eduorum, seat of a diocese, and of a country called the Máconnais, sold by the Burgundian dukes to France, 1241. It was ravaged by the Huns and other invaders, and suffered in the religious wars of 1562, from both parties. The Austrians took it, 1814, after a little fighting; Napoleon was received, 15th April, 1815. Like all old towns, most of the streets are narrow and dirty; but it has pretty walks and good prospects on the quai, and in the neighbourhood. From the 12-arch bridge leading over to St. Laurent, and lately altered and improved, you may even see Mont Blanc. The bridge itself replaces a Pont Jud, built, they say, by some Jews, whom Philippe le Bel expelled. St. Vincent's church, in Place d' Armes, on the hill, of brick and stone, was built 1810-16, by Napoleon's order, and stands opposite Soufflot's hospital (1758-70). It was designed as a substitute for the old cathedral church, which was demolished, 1793, except the two octagon towers, (one crowned by a low spire, visible all round), and parts of the front and cloisters. St. Peter's church, formerly attached to the Cordeliers' convent, is now used by the gendarmerie. The Préfecture is on the site of the citadel (pulled down 1585), and was the bishop's palace. A public library and theatre are at the Hôtel de Ville, the old seat of the Counts Montrevel. There are two hospices for incurables and orphans; a palais de justice, in pretty grounds; a departmental asylum, to which a Romanesque chapel was added, 1853; and some old houses in Rue de l'Oratoire, with another worth notice, in Rue Dombey, on the quai. One of the best buildings is the Hôtel de Sennecey. The Mâconnais women wear a peculiar head-dress, consisting of a black felt hat over a white cap. About 3,000 Roman coins were found here, 1764, with a few marbles; and a Roman way may be traced towards Autun. Lamartine, the Republican statesman and poet, is a native, and had a seat at St. Point (12 kil.), in a beautiful spot among the Charolais hills, near an old castle, which his pecuniary difficulties have obliged him to part with. Pottery, leather, &c., are made; there are dye and printing works, a copper foundry, &c., and a trade in wine (from Thorins, Moulin-à-vent, Romanéche, &c.) grain, cattle, timber, &c. Conveyances, by steamer, to Lyons, Chalons; by coach to Bourg, (35 kil.), Cluny, Pont-de-Veyle, Charolles, &c.. [CHAROLLES (59 kil.), a sous-préfecture in department Saône-et-Loire, of 3,000 souls, was the capital of Charolais, a county in Burgundy, and stands between two hills, on one of which is an old castle. One of its Counts, of the royal blood, in the time of Louis XV., amused himself by firing on the passers by, and having killed a man, asked the king for letters of pardon. They were granted. "But," said the king, "I have also signed a pardon for the man who may kill you by way of reprisal." From this, it is 22 kil. to Digoin, on the Loire.] Leaving Mâcon, we pass St. Clément (noted for its cream), where the branch line to Geneva turns off across the Sâone (Route 33); then cross the Petite Grosne, to, Creches (4) miles), which has a beet-root factory in its old château. Cross the Arlois to Pontanevaux (2 miles). Then the Mauvaise, by a 3-arch bridge; and pass the suspension bridge at ST. ROMAIN, a village of 80 or 90 houses, which was overwhelmed by the flooding of the river in 1840, all but its church. Romaneche (2 miles), i.e. Romanesca, a place where Roman remains have been found. Pop., 2,470. It has mines of manganese, and is noted for the Moulin-à-Vent and Thorins wines. The Jura hills in view. Coaches to Fleury and Thoissey, in the Dombes country (across the bridge), to the east, Cross the Ardière to Belleville (5 miles), a small town (pop. 2,920) and port, the Roman Lunna, in a cultivated spot, in department Rhône, which was inundated in the memorable year, 1840. Its Romanesque abbey church, founded by the sires of Beaujeu, contains some of their monuments. There is also a richly endowed hospital, and a suspension bridge spans the river. Coaches to Beaujeu, Cercier, Châtillon-lez-Dombes, Villié, St. Igny-de-Vers, Charlieu, &c. [BEAUJEU (14 kil.), has remains of an old château on the hill above it, once the seat of the lords of Beaujolais.] At Montmerle, on the east bank of the Saône, is a high tower, on the hill, and a suspension bridge (across an island), which with the quai was rebuilt 1840. Pop., 1,960. Cross the Vauxonne to St. Georges-de-Reneins (3 miles), with a pop. of 2,920, and a chapel, Nôtre Dame des Eaux, resorted to in times of drought. Coaches to Montmerle, Blacé, Salles, St. Étienne, Vaux, Triviers. Beauregard bridge, and the Iles de Guerrein are next passed, and the Morgon, by a nine-arch bridge, to Villefranche (5 miles). Hotels.-De Provence; Faucon. A pretty sous-préfecture of 11,690 souls, in department Rhône, among vineyards, and good points of view from the hills around. It was founded by Humbert, Count of Beaujolais, who granted his vassals a franchise, in the shape of land at three derniers a The latter are good-looking, however, and are noted for their liveliness. fathom, and the privilege of beating their wives. | from a battle fought here between Albinus and Septimus Severus, in 171, when the former was do feated. The Saône now narrows between hills, covered with villas and gardens. Among the buildings are, the Hôtel de Ville, in the Renaissance style; a Gothic church, of the 14th cent., restored 1856, and some statues added to it; and a Jesuits' seminary. The church spire was burnt, 1566, by the negligence of the plumber, who was in consequence burnt alive before the church. There are some old houses in Grande Rue. The earliest Cordelier church in France was founded here by Guichard III. Cottons, linen, calico, &c. are made here. Coaches to Ars, Theizé, Chamelet, Grandris, Tarare, Roanne, &c. Further on is Pommies, which has supplied Lyons with stone for many centuries; and below the bridge of St. Barnard, is Couzon (1 mile), a pretty spot, formerly noted for its wines, now for its stone quarries. Those of St. Cyr and St. Didier yield many fossils. Near the bridge, is Rochetaille, so called from a cutting (taille) through the rock, made by Agrippa for his Roman way, and part of an old château. Through Pilonnière tunnel, 525 feet long, to Collonges (1 mile), at the foot of Mont Ceindre, with a pop. of 1,050. FONTAINES opposite it, possesses many oil, corn, and print mills, turned by its five streams. About ninety of its houses were carried away by the floods of 1840. Omnibuses run to Lyons. A suspension bridge from each side of the river, Anse (23 miles), in a spot proverbial for its fertility, rests on Ile Barbe, which is crowned by the very anaccording to the old rhyme "De Villefranche à Anse Le plus belle lieue de France." Pop. 2,031. This was a Roman station, Assa Paulini, or Antium, and remains were found in 1844, near the site of Cæsar's palace, now a chapel. The old château is used as a gendarmerie barrack. Cross the Azergues, a branch of the Saône, by a four-arch bridge. Trevoux (3 miles), on the west, in department Ain, at the new suspension bridge, with an island in front, is a sous-préfecture, and has remains of a castle on the hill; also the house where the Jesuits printed their Journal de Trévoux and Dictionnaire de Trévoux; and the old palace of the Parliament of Dombes, now the Palais de Justice. The terrace commands a fine prospect. Pop. 2,750. Trévoux, they say, comes from Tres Vice, because three Roman roads met here. Here wire is drawn for gold and silver lace, but the business has declined. Further on, you leave on the right, Mont d'Or, so called from its rich appearance in autumu, and having a view which takes in the fine plains of Burgundy and Lyonnais, and the Dauphiné Alps. Ile Bene is near. cient abbey of St. Rambert. Pass through the tunnels of St. Rambert and La Mignonne, 820 feet and 174 feet long, to Vaise (4 miles), a station for passengers and merchandise, with a large depôt, &c. Its church is a modern Byzantine structure; and its houses suffered in 1810. Lyons, from the Saône side, appears in a fine spot (something like the Avon, at Clifton) extending along the banks of the Saône and Rhône, backed by a picturesque amphitheatre of hills, with countryseats, gardens, and vineyards, spread over the landscape. The grey, rough rocks are seen here and there, looking out between the tall houses. Cross the high road from Paris, &c., by skew bridges; then pass Mont Irénée, by the Quarantaine tunnel, 7,146 feet long, 302 feet below the top of the hill, and ventilated by six shafts. Pass over the Saône and its quays, by the Pont de la Quarantaine, of iron (a previous stone bridge fell down), and enter the Gare de Perrache, at the south end of Lyons (3 miles from Vaise), the general station for all the lines, which meet here, covering 20 acres. Bridges have been built for the joint use of the railway and of the carriages and passengers. Omnibuses wait on the trains, 34. to 8d. LYONS, or Lyon, 319 miles from Paris, 2813 from Marseilles. HOTELS.-Grand Hotel de Lyon, a first-class hotel for families and gentlemen, and charges not out of proportion to the comfort. Cour; very good and comfortable. St. Germain-au-Mont d'Or (3) miles) is a the foot of the mountain, which rises in three peaks, 2,050 feet above sea level, at the highest. On ore peak, Mont Ceindre, is a pilgrim's chapel, reached by omnibus, commanding a fine view. Its goats' milk cheese is held in esteem. At Chasselay is a lead mine. Neuville (2 miles), on the east bank, joined to Villevert, on the west, by a suspension bridge. Pop.tation of Perrache. Proprietor, Mr. Dufour. 2,130. Freizes, cotton, and silk thread, &c., are made Grand Hotel d'Angleterre et des Deux Mondes, here. Place Napoleon. Mr. C. Paturel, proprietor. Hotel du Parc et de Bordeaux, the nearest to the Albigny and its four wooded islands take name Station of Perrache. Excellent Restuarant. Hotel de l'Europe; particularly good; and commanding on one side a delightful view. Hotel de l'Univers, at the side of the Railway |