EDUCATION REPORT, 1904. grades not beyond third, or in a graded school as assistant, good for three years, State certificates and diplomas.--The State board of education shall appoint not less than four nor more than nine professional teachers to assist in State examinations, who shall be known as the State board of examiners and shall receive $5 a day while employed in such capacity. State examinations shall be conducted under rules and regulations prescribed by State board of education. A State certificate is valid for five years, applicants for which must have had thirty months of approved experience in teaching, nine of which in the schools of Oregon, and shall make a general average of 85, not less than 70 in any branch, upon examination in the subjects required for county certificates (which see), with the addition of algebra, bookkeeping, composition, physical geography, physics, and psychology. For a State diploma, which is good for life, an applicant shall have had sixty months of successful teaching, fifteen of which in Oregon, and shall pass examination at the same grades as for State certificate, and same subjects, with the addition of botany, plane geometry, general history, and English literature. If an applicant for a State certificate or diploma fail on one or more subjects, he need not be reexamined in those subjects wherein he was successful, provided he shall satisfactorily pass the remaining subjects at the two following examinations. Examination fee for State certificate, $4; diploma, $6. State board of education may grant State certificates or diplomas without examination to persons presenting authenticated papers from other States which were secured by passing equivalent examinations, and said board may grant a permit for one year to persons who hold papers of the required grade but lack the necessary teaching experience in Oregon for a State certificate. thirty months' teaching experience required for a State certificate: (1) Diplomas The following may be accepted in lieu of the from the regular State normal schools, or (2) from any normal school in the State, or (3) from any chartered institution of collegiate or university grade in the State, where the courses of (2) and (3) shall be approved by the State board of education as equivalent to those of (1): Provided, That the required examination shall not be waived, and no State certificate shall be issued to anyone under 21 years of age. visions may become candidates for State diplomas after they shall have taught Holders of certificates granted under these prothirty months with approved success. (See also Schools, High, Normal.) Duties. To maintain order in school and conduct himself before his pupils so as to command their respect; labor during school hours to advance them in their studies, to create in their minds a desire for knowledge, principle, morality, politeness, cleanliness, and the preservation of health; give all pupils suitable instruction in physiology and hygiene, with special reference to the effects of alcoholic drinks and narcotics; keep a school register showing name, sex, daily attendance, and classification of pupils, the point in State course of study where each class began and closed, and other data required by State board of education; require pupils to take proper exercise, encouraging healthful play at recess, and shall give vigilant attention to the temperature and ventilation of schoolroom, seeing to it that doors and windows are open at each intermission for the purpose of changing the air of the room; may allow pupils under 8 such recesses as that the time in school shall not exceed three and a half hours a day; shall give two exercises in free gymnastics and suitable voice and breathing exercises daily. Contracts. The school board shall hire teachers and shall make contracts specifying wages, number of months to be taught, and the time of beginning, as agreed upon, and shall file such contracts in the office of the district clerk and send a copy to the county clerk. No teacher shall be employed who is related by blood or marriage within the third degree to any member of the board without the concurrence of all members of board and such vote duly recorded by the clerk. Board shall dismiss teachers only for good cause shown, which shall be recorded by the clerk, and teacher shall have the right of appeal to county superintendent and thence to State superintendent. Institutes. The State superintendent shall cause to be held once a year a State teachers' association, at such time and place as in his judgment will best promote the general interests of education. Each county superintendent shall hold a teachers' institute not less than three days each year for the instruction of teachers and those desiring to teach; may revoke the certificate, reduce the grade, or refuse to grant a certificate to any teacher refusing to attend same without cause; shall give each teacher a certificate showing what sessions he attended, by virtue of which certificate teacher shall be entitled to pay for not more than three days during which his school was closed that he might attend institute. (See also Certificates, county.) Training. (See Schools, normal.) 3. SCHOOLS. Scholastic day and month-Attendance-Employment of children-Transportation of pupils-Courses of study-Text-books-Buildings and grounds-Kindergartens-High schools-Manual training-Normal schools. Scholastic day and month.-School shall commence at 9 a. m. and close at 4 p. m., with one hour for recreation at noon, but the school board may order a less number of school hours. Twenty school days make a school month. Attendance.-Schools are free to all within the district under 21 and over 6 years of age or over 4 where there are kindergartens. Attendance shall be compulsory upon those under 14 during the whole of the school term in the city or town where they reside, unless they be prevented by bodily or mental disability, or unless taught in a private school or at home in similar branches, or have already acquired knowledge of the branches in question; and attendance shall be compulsory upon anyone under 15 who is not employed in any lawful work. Deaf-mutes between 8 and 16 are required to attend a suitable institution six months each year for five years. School boards may require vaccination of pupils as a condition precedent to attendance and shall decide how far revacciLation shall be required if a case of smallpox has occurred in the vicinity, and may prohibit the attendance of any teacher or pupil for such time as they may determine to prevent the spread of contagious disease. Employment of children.-No child under 14 shall be employed in any factory, store, workshop, in or about any mine, or in the telegraph, telephone, or public messenger service; nor in any work whatever for compensation during school hours. No child under 16 shall be employed at any work before 6 a. m. nor after 7 p. m., nor longer than ten hours in any day, nor more than six days in any week, and every such child under 16 shall be entitled to not less than thirty minutes for mealtime at noon. No person shall employ, while a school is maintained in the town or city, any minor under 16 who can not read at sight and write legibly simple English sentences, and no parent, guardian, or custodian shall permit any such minor under his control to be so employed. Any parent or guardian violating the provisions of this law shall be liable to a fine of from $5 to $25, and any person or corporation who as employer shall violate the same shall be liable to a fine of from $10 to $25 for the first offense, $25 to $50 for the second, and for the third and each succeeding offense shall be liable to imprisonment from ten to thirty days. The board of inspectors of child labor in the State of Oregon shall consist of five persons, at least three of whom shall be women, appointed by the governor, one member to retire each year. It shall be unlawful for anyone to employ a child under 16 without first securing from parent or guardian an affidavit stating name, date and place of birth, and the school attended by such child. Employers shall keep a register containing such data, and the said affidavits shall, upon demand, be shown to the said board of inspection. If any such child may seem physically unable to perform the labor at which he is employed, said inspectors may demand a certificate of physical fitness from some regularly licensed physician, in default of which he shall not be so employed. Transportation of pupils.-When authorized by a majority vote at any legally called school meeting, the school board shall furnish transportation to and from school for all pupils living more than 2 miles therefrom, and may at their discretion provide for transportation of pupils living nearer than 2 miles, or, instead, may pay the board of any pupil at a suitable place near the school. When authorized by the school meeting, the said board may suspend the district school and arrange with other districts for the instruction of pupils residing within their district, and may arrange for the transportation of such pupils to and from, or for their board at a suitable place near, such schools. Transportation or board herein referred to may be paid for out of the common school fund, or, when so authorized by the school meeting, a tax may be levied for such purpose. Courses of study.--In first-class districts the course of study is prescribed by the district school board, who may include therein one modern language upon petition of 100 qualified electors of the district. Districts of the second and third class shall use the course prescribed by the State board of education. In every school shall be given suitable instruction in physiology and hygiene, with special reference to the effects of alcoholic drinks and narcotics. (For other branches of study specified by law see Teachers-Certificates. See also High schools.) Text-books.--In January every four years the governor shall appoint, from different sections of the State, a board of five text-book commissioners, who shall meet at the State capitol the second Monday in July every six years a (and other times at the call of the chairman or the governor), continue in session not more than fifteen days, and adopt text-books covering all branches specified in the courses of study prepared by the State board of education, which books shall be used in the public schools of the State for six years. Four members shall constitute a quorum; at least three votes shall be necessary for the choice of any text-book; sessions shall be public, all votes viva voce, and the vote of each member shall be recorded in the board minutes. Commissioners shall receive $100 for attendance at each meeting, with 10 cents for each mile traveled going and coming. In February every six years the State superintendent shall mail circulars to all the leading text-book publishers containing data necessary to the submittal of bids. When text-books have been adopted by said commissioners, they shall report the same, giving title of each book, date of copyright, and prices (exchange, introductory, and retail) to the State board of education, who shall execute a contract in triplicate, requiring each publisher whose book or books shall have been adopted to maintain at least one depository in each county (at places designated by State board of education), where books shall be soid or exchanged at prices named in bids, and contracts shall be secured by bond in such sum and with two such sureties as may be approved by said State board of education. In August every six years a the State superintendent shall issue a circular giving data concerning books adopted by said text-book board, and send same to each county superintendent in sufficient quantities that every school officer shall have a copy. In any district where a high school is maintained, the board of school directors shall, in July every six years, adopt text-books for any branch of study added by them to the branches specified in the State high school course, but no book shall be substituted, directly or indirectly, for one specified in said State course. The same provisions regarding voting, contracts, etc., specified in connection with the State board apply similarly to said district boards. Buildings and grounds.-Whenever in the judgment of the district school board it is desirable or necessary, or whenever petitioned so to do by one-third of the voters of the district, said board shall call a meeting of the district to vote upon the question of the selection, purchase, exchange, or sale of a schoolhouse site, or the erection, removal, or sale of a schoolhouse. If a majority of the voters present at such meeting shall select a site, er shall be in favor of the purchase, exchange, or sale of the schoolhouse, as the case may be, the board shall take action accordingly; but it shall require a concurrence of two-thirds of those present and voting at such meeting to order the removal of a schoolhouse, and such house so removed can not again be removed within three years. It shall be the duty of the school board to clear the school grounds of brush or other obstructions to a good view of the premises; provide suitable and convenient water-closets, at least two for each school, and keep same in a clean and wholesome condition; and failure to comply with these provisions shall be sufficient ground for removal from office and for withholding from such district any part of the county school-tax fund, and the said board have power, without a vote of the district, to levy a tax to cover any expense incurred for such purposes. The board shall prosecute any person who shall willfully write, make marks, or draw obscene pictures on any schoolhouse or outbuilding, or otherwise deface or damage any school building or furniture; and such offense shall be punished by a fine of from $5 to $20. When authorized by the district the board may permit a schoolhouse, when not occupied for school purposes, to be used under careful restrictions for any other proper purpose, giving equal privileges to all religious denominations or political parties, provided that stationary furniture shall not be moved, nor shall the district be put to any expense for fuel or otherwise because of such use. No dancing shall be permitted in any schoolroom. In order that the children may assist in adorning the school grounds with trees, and to encourage the planting and protection of trees and shrubs and the preservation of forests, the afternoon of the second Friday in April each year shall be observed as Arbor Day, for which the State superintendent shall prepare and prescribe a course of exercises and instruction. Kindergartens.-School boards of first or second class districts, when authorized by such districts, may establish and maintain kindergartens as part of the common school system, which shall be free to children over 4 years of age. High schools.-There are two kinds of high schools-district high schools and county high schools. Upon petition of one-third of the voters of any district, or whenever the school board think proper, the question shall be submitted to the voters of the district whether a high school shall be established and at the place specified; and if a majority of all votes cast shall be in favor of same, it shall be the duty of said board to establish such high school, provide for its maintenance, and select suitable teachers for its various grades. The board may use any part of the county or State school funds, or any funds raised by taxation of the district, for such purpose: Provided, That none of the funds of any district shall be so used unless said district shall also maintain at least eight months' instruction each year in the lower grades. High schools shall be free to all pupils who shall have passed the eighth-grade final examination. The county court, upon petition of 100 or more qualified electors, taxpayers of the county, must submit the question, at a general or special election, of establishing a county high school; and if said vote shall be affirmative, the court shall within thirty days locate such school in some suitable and convenient place in the county. When said court shall have provided a lot and building, they shall cause same to be deeded to the county high school board, which shall consist of the county judge, the two commissioners, treasurer, and superintendent. Said court or board may rent suitable rooms for said school, or said board may contract with the board of directors of any school district in the county which may maintain a high school grade to teach all county high school pupils at such charge for tuition as may be agreed upon. The county court shall levy a tax to cover cost of establishment and maintenance of said high school or to pay said tuition. More than one high school may be established by the high school board if so ordered by the voters. The course of study for high schools shall embrace four years, two of which shall be given to required work; it shall be uniform throughout the State, the course being prescribed by the State superintendent. The course of study for the two years of optional work shall be prescribed by the board controlling the district or county high school, after consultation with the State superintendent; all or part of such two years may be devoted to industrial training. Where industrial training is made a part of the course, it may be interspersed with the required studies throughout the four-year course. All teachers in high schools shall be graduates of one of the State normal schools, or of some institution of collegiate or university grade, or shall hold a State certificate or diploma. Manual training.—(See High schools.) Normal schools. The following-named are designated as State normal schools: The Oregon Normal School, at Monmouth, Polk County; the Southern Oregon State Normal School, at Ashland, Jackson County; the Eastern Normal School, at Weston, Umatilla County; the Wasco Independent Academy, at The Dalles, Wasco County; and the Central Oregon Normal School, at Drain, Douglas County. The schools at Monmouth, Ashland, and Drain are each under the control of a board of twelve regents, consisting of the State board of education ex officio and nine members appointed by the governor for six years. The school at Weston is under the control of seven regents appointed by the governor for six years, and that at The Dalles is controlled by a board of trustees. Boards arrange courses of study in conjunction with State superintend ED 1904 M-30 ent, and confer diplomas upon persons recommended for graduation by the faculty. (See also Teachers-State certificates and diplomas.) In connection with normal schools may be established model schools for practice in teaching, and all students may have the privilege of training in the same. 4. FINANCES. Common school fund-County tax-District tax-Apportionment and disburse ment-Bonds. Common school fund.—The proceeds of all the lands which have been or hereafter may be granted to this State for educational purposes (excepting the lands heretofore granted to aid in the establishment of a university); all the moneys and clear proceeds of all property which may accrue to the State by escheat or forfeiture; all moneys which may be paid as exemption from military duty; all the proceeds of all gifts, devises, and bequests made by any person to the State for common school purposes; the proceeds of all property granted to the State when the purposes of such grant shall not be stated; all the proceeds of the 500,000 acres of land to which the State is entitled by the provisions of an act of Congress entitled "An act to appropriate the proceeds of the sales of the public lands, and to grant preemption rights," approved September 4, 1841; and also the 5 per cent of the net proceeds of the sales of the public lands to which this State shall become entitled on her admission into the Union (if Congress shall consent to such appropriation of the grants last mentioned) shall be set apart as a separate and irreducible fund, to be called the common school fund, the interest of which, together with all revenues derived from the school land mentioned in this section, shall be exclusively applied to the support and maintenance of common schools in each school district, and the purchase of suitable libraries and apparatus therefor. * The governor, secretary of state, and State treasurer shall constitute a board of commissioners for the sale of school and university lands and for the investment of funds arising therefrom. [State constitution.] (See also Bonds.) *** County school tar.-The county courts of the several counties are required to levy, at the same time they levy other taxes, a tax upon all taxable property in their respective counties for school purposes, which shall aggregate not less than $6 per capita for the children in each county from 4 to 20 years of age, as shown by the last preceding school census. Fines collected for violations of school law shall be applied to the support of the common schools. District school tar.-District meetings shall have power to levy a tax upon all real and personal property in their district, not to exceed 5 per cent of the taxable values of the district, and make any necessary appropriation for the support and benefit of schools; but no tax shall be levied at any special meeting unless the call for such meeting stated such purpose. Apportionment and disbursement. The county superintendent shall, on the first Monday in October, and at such other times as he may deem advisable, make an apportionment of the entire school fund then in the county treasury. The county tax fund shall be apportioned in the following manner: In October he shall apportion $50 to each district that has reported to him as required by law (see Organization-District school clerks) and $5 for each teacher employed by such district who during the year preceding attended a county institute or State teachers' association not less than sixteen hours. The remainder of such fund (and any amount to be apportioned at any time other than in October) shall be apportioned according to the number of children resident in each district between the ages of 4 and 20 years as shown by the clerk's last annual report. On the first Monday in October annually he shall apportion the common or irreducible school fund among the several districts according to population between the ages of 4 and 20 years. Districts shall not be entitled to their proportion of the school fund unless they shall report to the county superintendent by the second Monday in July each year and shall have had a school taught in their district at least three months. Every member of a school board or district clerk who shall willfully sign a false report with the intent of causing the county superintendent to apportion a larger share than the district's just proportion of school money shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and such district shall also forfeit for each such offense the sum of $25 of its proportion of the school fund. In all districts at |