the Welshman Henry Morgan, who succeeded in 1664 to Admiral Mansfelt in command of the pirate fleet. He raided the Isthmus, captured with a part of his fleet the castle of San Lorenzo, and took the town of Panama in January, 1671. As a result, its citizens bodily moved their homes, and built a new city of the same name in a locality more easily defended.

But

NOTE. The bird's-eye view (on the preceding page) of the Chateau of Monsieur le Général de Poincy at St. Christophers is reduced from a plate in César de Rochefort's Isles Antilles (Rotterdam, 1665). - KEY: 1, Le Chasteau. 2, Le Jardin. 3, La Basse cour. 4, La Chapelle et les offices. 5, Les Escuries. 6, La Tour des Munitions. 7, La ville d'Angole. A good deal relating to the history of the island is to be drawn from the Calendar of State Papers, Colonial series, vols. i. and v. (down to 1668). The island was given up to Great Britain by the Treaty of Utrecht (1713).

From the print in the English version (3d ed.) of Exquemelin's History of the Bucaniers (London, 1704). This and portraits of other leading buccaneers appear in some of the editions of Exquemelin. Cf. Cassell's United States, i. 397, 409, etc.

even here they were again imperilled. The corsairs, a little later, having plundered Porto Bello and Santa Maria, followed the river courses inland,

From Staat van Amerika (Amsterdam, 1766), i. 350. There is also a plan of the castle of San Lorenzo in Gentleman's Mag., 1740, p. 350, showing Vernon's attack, March 24, 1740. Jefferys' Description of the Spanish Islands (London, 1762) has a map of the town and harbor.

and then, descending to the South Sea in canoes, added to their armament some piraguas when they reached deeper water, and appeared in the bay of Panama prepared for their usual fiendish sports. Captain Bartholomew Sharp, in command of a light flotilla, essayed to surprise the new Panama; but word of his coming had reached the town in advance, and surprise was impossible. The Spanish admiral, Jacinto de Barahona, appearing in the bay with a fleet, an obstinate battle took place before Panama, and the pirates later sailed south and gathered an abundance of treasure. Dampier in the mean while, who had been with the corsairs, recrossed the Isthmus and joined his ships on the north side.1 It would be tedious to enumerate all these piratical excursions in these latter years of the eighteenth century, which included, however, so considerable an event as the taking

NOTE. The above map of Porto Bello is from Staat van Amerika (Amsterdam, 1766), i. 308. The attacks of Parker (1601), Morgan (1668), the pirates (1679), and Vernon (1739) gave an interest to Porto Bello which occasioned frequent maps of the bay during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. like those in Coreal's Voyages (Amsterdam, 1722), vol. i.; Prévost's Voyages (xiii.); the Allg. Hist. der Reisen (ix., xi.); Ulloa's Voyages; the Geog. Descp. of the Span. West Indies (London, 1740); that of the town and harbor in a Geog. Description of the Coasts, etc., of the Spanish West Indies (London, 1740); a rude plan with a key of Vernon's attack, in The Newsman's Interpreter (Manchester, Eng., 1741, 2d ed.); one by the English geographer Jefferys, in A Description of the Spanish Islands (London, 1762); Homann's Portus Pulchri, showing Vernon's attack. Tomas Lopez's map is in the Atlas Geographico de la Amerika (Madrid, 1758),