the island in Ibid., vol. v. (1660-1668). Cf. Grenville Penn's Memorials of the Life of Admiral Sir William Penn. The possession of the island was later confirmed to England by the treaty of Madrid in 1670. The earliest general description after the English rule was established appeared in Richard Blome's Description of the Island of Jamaica, with the other Isles and Territories in America to which the English are related, taken from the Notes of Sir Thomas Gruich, Knight, Governour of Jamaica, and other experi

enced Persons in the said places (London, 1672, 1678), and was later refashioned in a more condensed way in his Present State of his Majesty's isles and territories in America (London, 1687).2 Reference may be made to Interesting Tracts relating to the island of Jamaica, Consisting of State papers, Councils of war, letters, petitions, narratives, etc., which throw great light on the history of that island from its conquest [1655] to 1702 (St. Jago de la Vega, 1800); and to The State of the island of Jamaica, chiefly in relation to its

1 It will be remembered that it was to requite services and pay indebtedness to Penn that his son received later the grant of Pennsylvania, named after his father.

2 Cf. ante, Vol. III. p. 449; V. p. 340. Both books have maps, the first a large one, and the latter one of Morden's small series. Of the Present State there is a French translation (Amsterdam, 1688), and a German (Leipzig, 1697). Cf. Henri Justel's translation from the English of a Recueil de divers Voyages faits en Afrique et en l'Amérique (Paris, 1674), which has also a map of Jamaica.

NOTE TO OPPOSITE MAP. - Reduced from a map in An Authentic Journal of the Siege (London, 1763). — KEY: 1, Where his Majesty's troops first landed. 2, The march of the army. 3, His Majesty's ship "Dragon" against Cojimar. 4, Where the army first encamped. 5, Where the cannon and stores were landed. 6, The batteries against the Morro. 7, The "Dragon," "Cambridge." and "Marlborough," against the Morro. 8, The bombs against the Puntal. 9, His Majesty's ship "Bellisle " against Chorera Fort. 10, The batteries on the west side against the Puntal. 11, The batteries on the Cavannes hill. 12, The hoëtzers against the shipping. 13, Three Spanish men-of-war, sunk. 14, One company's ship, overset. 15, The chain and bomb. 16, The Spanish admiral and fleet. 17, Two ships on the stocks. 18, Sir George Pocock with the men-of-war and transports. 19, Com. Keppel with the men-of-war and transports. 20, Camp at the water-mills. 21, Fortified houses.

22, Headquarters.

From Voyage de François Coreal (Amsterdam, 1722), vol. i. Cf. other plans of town and harbor in Otten's Nova isthmi Americani tabula (Amsterdam, 1717), and in his Grand Théâtre de la Guerre en Amérique (1717); Bowles' plan (London) followed in one by Homann (Nuremberg, 1739); Gentleman's Mag. (1740); Geog. Desc. of the Coasts of the Spanish West Indies (London, 1740); Jefferys in his Desc. of the Spanish Islands (1762), and his Atlas; a Spanish one by Tomas Lopez (Madrid, 1785); and that in Humboldt's Essai politique (Paris, 1826; Spanish, Paris, 1827).

NOTE.

The above map is reduced from Prévost's Voyages (Paris, 1754), vol. xii. The best grouping of the maps of the Gulf of Mexico and the West Indies is in Uricoechea's Mapoteca Colombiana (pp. 53-79), and this may be supplemented by the subject headings in the British Museum Map Catalogue. The collection of loose maps in the Harvard College collection is a large one. The maps of these enclosed waters down to the end of the sixteenth century have been enumerated in ante, Vol. II. 217, etc. For the seventeenth century, reference may be made to those in Van Loon's Zee-Atlas (1661), and that one which apparently belongs to Clodoré's Relation (1671) but is seldom found with it (Leclerc, no. 2-13). The maps of the eighteenth century are numerous; but a few may be selected as typical: That in Nathaniel Uring's Voyages (London, 1726); those of Herman Moll (London Mag., 1740); of Popple, improved by Buache (1740); the

commerce and the Conduct of the Spaniards in the West Indies, by a person who resided several years at Jamaica (London, 1726). As the residence of Sir Henry Morgan, who was made its deputy governor by Charles II, it became associated with the story of the buccaneers, and in a little New History of Jamaica (London, 1740)1 we find some of their adventures duly set forth.

The famous Sir Hans Sloane lived here also for a while (1709-10); and his sojourn resulted in his Voyage to the islands Madeira, Barbados, Nieves, St. Christopher's, and Jamaica (London, 1707, 1725), in two folio volumes. It is more commonly quoted as Sloane's History of Jamaica, and the French translation (Londres, 1751) bears a corresponding title. William King

LEONARD PARKINSON, A CAPTAIN OF MAROONS.*

satirized it in his Useful Transactions containing a Voyage to Cajamai, translated from the Dutch (London, 1709).

Dr. Patrick Browne published a Civil and Natural History of Jamaica (London, 1756), which, somewhat enlarged, and improved with

Kitchin's map, came to a second edition in 1789. It was held to be an important book, but a more exclusively historical treatise had appeared in the interval in Edward Long's History of Jamaica (London, 1774), in three quarto volumes, with Kitchin's maps,2 that of the island itself

1 This book has a folding map of the island. It was translated into French by Raulin (Londres, 1751). Cf. Boucher de la Richarderie, vi. 186.

2 Jefferys' map of 1768 is in his General Topography of No. Amer. and the West Indies.

Spanish map of Tomas Lopez and Juan de la Cruz (1755); Vaugondy's in the Histoire et Commerce des Antilles Angloises (1758); Jefferys' in 1758, and those by him included in his French Dominions in No. and So. America (1760), and in his Description of the Spanish islands and Settlements of the West Indies, chiefly from original drawings taken from the Spaniards in the last war (London, 1762 and later); those (1759) in Prévost, xv., and in the Allg. Hist. der Reisen, xviii.; Joseph Smith Speer's West India Pilot (London, 1771 and later); Kitchin's as given in Robertson's America; that in B. Edwards' West Indies (1794); and later ones of Homann (1796), Arrowsmith (1803), etc.

From Bryan Edwards' Proc. of the Gov, and Assembly of Jamaica in regard to the Maroon Negroes (London, 1796).