every preacher during a ministry of no uncommon length. It is here intended, that all these should be brought into the desk free ly; fully; without partiality; without reluctance. It is also intended, that no doctrine, and no precept, and no fact, shall be omitted by the preacher on account of any disrelish, with which it may be regarded by his mind, or, as he may apprehend, by the minds of his hearers. All Scripture, says St. Paul to Timothy, is given by inspiration of God; and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, and for instruction in righteousness; that the man of God may be perfect, thoroughly furnished to every good work. I charge thee before God, and the Lord Jesus Christ, who shall judge the quick and the dead at his appearing, and his kingdom, preach the word: be instant in season; out of season; reprove, rebuke, exhort, with all long-suffering and doctrine. Here St. Paul charges Timothy before God, and the Lord Jesus Christ, to preach the word; that is, the whole word; as will be evident from the connexion between this charge and the reasons on which it is founded, given in the verses immediately preceding. These reasons are of the highest possible import. All Scripture, says St. Paul, is given by inspiration of God. All is, therefore, exactly true, supremely wise, and absolutely right; and is invested with divine authority, requiring the minister to preach it, and the congregation to hear. All Scripture, he adds, is also profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, and for instruction in righteousness. The end of all is, that the man of God may become perfect, and thoroughly furnished to every good work. With these reasons before him, who can doubt, that all Scripture is to be preached?

There have been; there probably still are; many preachers, by whom this plain rule of duty has been not a little disregarded: that is, if their practice may be allowed to interpret their senti

ments.

Some preachers insist only, or almost only, on those which are called the Moral duties of mankind: viz. those duties, which immediately respect ourselves, and our fellow-men; such as Justice, Temperance, Truth, Kindness, Candour, Alms-giving, and others of the like nature.

Others discuss only, or chiefly, the duties of Piety; or those, which immediately respect God.

Some preachers deliver little or nothing from the Desk, except that, which is fitted to alarm and terrify their hearers.

Others dwell continually, and only, upon those parts of the Gospel, which are calculated to sooth and comfort.

Some shun every thing, which is unpopular; and utter only smooth things; such as they expect to be relished by their hearers; and satisfy themselves with the belief, that their Congregations will receive nothing else, and that therefore nothing else will be useful to them. Yet St. Paul declared to the Elders of Ephe sus, that he had not shunned to declare to them all the counsels of

God and God said to Ezekiel, Go, and speak unto the children of thy people; and tell them, Thus saith the Lord God; whether they will hear, or whether they will forbear.

Others appear pleased to excite, and form their discourses in such a manner, as to excite, a hostility to truth, even beyond that, which is natural to man. Yet it is recorded of him, who is styled in the Scriptures the Preacher, that he sought to find out acceptable words.

Some preachers, who dwell upon the Law, exhibit it not only as the rule of our duty, but as the ground of our Justification.

Others leave the Law chiefly, or wholly, out of their discourses, even as a rule of obedience.

To all these and other similar modes of preaching, equally contrary to reason and revelation, I oppose, both as a refutation, and a censure, the charge of St. Paul to Timothy, cited above, and the solemn reasons by which it is enforced. Man cannot call in question the importance, or the usefulness, any more than the truth of the Word of God. Whatever he has been pleased to reveal is useful to mankind; and is to be received by them with reverential and grateful acknowledgments. It is to be believed: it is to be obeyed: it is to be employed to accomplish the very ends, for which it was revealed.

All Scripture, says St. Paul, is profitable. Let me subjoin that we cannot tell, with any certainty, what particular doctrine, precept, or fact, will be most profitable: that is, on a given occasion. Often, very often, ministers have found those discourses most useful to their hearers, from which they had scarcely cherished any hopes.

3. A Preacher is bound to give to each subject that degree of place and importance, which is given to it by the Scriptures.

This rule, I am aware, can only be followed generally. In a case, so imperfectly definite, exactness of conformity is evidently unattainable, and, happily for us, unnecessary. But a general conformity to it is sufficiently easy, and obviously our duty.

On some subjects the Scriptures dwell abundantly; exhibiting them always as primary parts of the system of truth and duty, which they contain. Others they plainly present to us as comparatively of little importance. Judgment, Mercy, and Faith, are weightier matters of the law: while, compared with these, Tithing Mint, Anise, and Cummin, is of little consequence. When it is said, Except ye repent, ye shall all perish; Without faith it is impossible to please God; Without holiness no man shall see the Lord; it is impossible for us not to perceive, that faith, repentance, and holiness, are of supreme importance to man. But the observance, or non-observance, of one day above another, (I refer not, here, to the Sabbath) modes of worship, and many other things of a similar nature, are plainly of very inferior consequence. The

manner, in which these subjects are respectively exhibited in the Scriptures, furnishes ample proof, that these observations are just.

The Scriptures themselves are a perfect pattern of the time, care and pains, which the preacher is to bestow on the respective subjects of his discourses in all ordinary circumstances. That on which they lay the greatest stress, is most to engross his attention, and his sermons. That, on which they lay the least stress, is least to be dwelt upon by him.

I say this is to be done in ordinary circumstances. But there are peculiar occasions, frequently cccurring, which demand his peculiar attention. His hearers may be especially addicted to some particular sins, or in especial danger from particular errors; or may peculiarly need to be taught certain truths, or urged to certain acts of duty. These will then require his peculiar efforts: and for such efforts, in such cases, he will find an ample warrant in the Scriptures. Timothy, and Titus, were expressly commanded to inculcate particular things in a peculiar degree, because they were peculiarly necessary. Ministers are directed to contend earnestly for the faith, once delivered to the saints; and are said to be set for the defence of the Gospel. They are, therefore, required to defend those parts of it most frequently, as well as most strenuously, which are most questioned; and to oppose with the greatest vigour those errors, from which their hearers are in the greatest danger. In this manner Christ preached in this manner preached the Prophets, and the Apostles: steadily directing their discourses to the occasions, which gave them birth. This is, indeed, the plain dictate of common sense; and, with these warrants, will be certainly, as well as safely, followed by every wise and faithful Minister.

The Bible is written in a manner, perfectly fitted to produce the best effects on the moral state of man. The preacher, who follows closely this divine example, may therefore rationally hope to produce the best moral effects on his hearers. On the contrary, he, who wanders from it, ought, while he censures himself deeply for his disrespect to this perfect pattern, to believe, that he shall find little consolation in the fruits of his preaching. In vain will he plead, that, in his view, some other mode will be better suited to the wants of his hearers. In vain will he think himself wise above that which is written. In vain will he plead the nature and influence of any doctrines, or precepts, as viewed by his own judgment. God, who knew the nature of all precepts, and doctrines, has written such of them in the Scriptures, and in such a manner, as his own wisdom determined to be best for man. Unless the preacher, therefore, thinks himself wiser than God, he must perceive his opinion to be wholly out of place, unfounded, and unhappy.

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To the Law, and to the testimony: if they speak not according to this word, it is because there is no light in them. This sentence is equally applicable, to the parts, as to the whole, of this word; and precisely just with respect to their importance, and influence, as well as to their truth. In both respects the Scriptural exhibition is perfect. He who copies it, and he only, will do the most good in his power.

SERMON CLIII.

THE EXTRAORDINARY MEANS OF GRACE. THE MANNER OF
PREACHING.

MATTHEW XXviii. 19.-Go ye, therefore, and teach all nations.

FROM these words I proposed in the preceding discourse to examine,

1. The End;

II. The Nature;

III. The Subjects; and,

IV. The Manner; of Preaching.

The three first of these heads I discussed at that time; and shall now go on to consider the

IV. Viz. The Manner of Preaching.

It is not enough, that Sermons contain the truth; important and indispensable as this is. A Sermon may contain Evangelical truth, -and that only; and yet may exhibit it in such a Manner, as to prevent a great part of its proper efficacy. Nor does the evil always stop here. Instances have existed in the world, and that not very unfrequently, in which preachers have uttered nothing but what was strictly Evangelical, and yet have only amused, wearied, or disgusted sober, patient, and candid hearers. The Manner, therefore, in which truth is preached, may possess an importance, which it would be difficult to estimate.

The views which I have formed of this subject, may be exhibited under the following heads.

1. The Gospel ought ever to be preached Plainly; so as to be clearly, and easily, understood by those who hear.

! St. Paul, in 1 Cor. xiv. 19, says, I would rather speak five words with my understanding, that with my voice I might teach others, also, than ten thousand words in an unknown tongue. From the conclusion of this passage, and the general tenour of his reasoning in this chapter, it is evident, that to speak with the understanding denotes to speak that which would be understood, not by himself only, but by those who heard him. This, he informs us, was of more value in his estimation than the supernatural power of speaking with tongues, however coveted, and however splendid an endowment.

With St. Paul's opinion, Common sense exactly harmonizes. To teach is to communicate knowledge. But the teacher, who is not understood, communicates nothing.