V. Anfwered by Mr. J. TODD, Hutton Rudby School. THE diftance failed, by the two Ships between S. and W. and their distance then from each other, form a Triangle, the three fides of which are given, Therefore and 40 miles, refpectively.

as the greatest fide 100; the fum of the other two 120 :: their difference 40 the difference of the fegments of the base 48; Hence ence 74 and 26, are the two fegments of the bafe; which, by a Perpendicu'ar let fall from the angle opposite to the Base, will divide the 1ft Triangle into two right angled ones, the Bafe and Hypothenufe of, each of which, become known; and hence, the angle at the Port included by the two Ships failing, is 229, 20'; the angle formed by the ift Triangle, at the other end of the Bafe lice, is 49°, 27'; and confequently, the fum, of the Complements to 90° of these two angles, is 1089 13', the other angle of the 1ft Triangle. Then 180°—108° 13′+22° 20′ = 49° 17' the complement courfe of B; and as radius: 80:: ine 49o 171 : 60, 64 difference Latitude B made, and 38° 59' N. is latitude B is in, and her courfe is S. 40° 43′ W. And 22° 20' (1ft angle included) + 40° 43'63° 3' or S. 63° 37 W. the courfe of A. Then as Radius: 100 :: Cofine 63 31 45.32 the difference of latitude A made, and 39o 15' N, is the Latitude, A is in.

Alfo Anfwered by Mers. Coultherd, Gee, Horn, junior, Newby, John Robinfon, Rutherford, Stephenfon and Stodhart.

VI. Anfwered by Mr. NEWBY, Barningham.

LET x➡ cof. latitude a eaft from fix, and b the declination with the

be as

=

fine of the time of the fun's coming due fine of the amplitude. amplitude and cof. latitude it will Then, to find the fine of declination, whofe

x ::

b

: b

x

the latitude is 548 40%.

Also anfwered by Mers. Coultherd, J. Gee, J. Horn, Ormbie

cafis, Rutherford and Stodhart.

New QUESTIONS.

VII. By Mafter ROBINSON. Ormsby.

BEING at the bottom of a hill, whofe flant height, up to a Church, was 81-7th yards. In ftanding upright the top of my head was level with the bottom of the feeple, likewife a line drawn from the top of the fleeple over my head, would frike the ground at 18 inches from my filation: now allowing my height to be 54 inches, I wish to know the height of the steeple?

VIII. By Mr. J. GEE, Newcastle.

IF a cone (the Radius of the base being 3, and altitude 8 feet) be fufpended by a ftring 2 feet long, fixed in the vertex: Query the number of Vibrations it will make in a minute?

IX. By CELM A.

SUPPOSE a point fixed any where, in an equilateral triangle, the fum of the three Perpendiculars let fall from the faid point (on each fice) will be equal to the Perpendicular of the Triangle. Quere the DemonAtration?

F AIRS in M A Y.

1, Reeth,4, Northallerton.-5, Egton, Hambledon.-6, STOCKTON, Halitead, Hummanby, Kendall, Knaresbro. 8, Leyburn.-11 Afkrig,—12, Alnwick Barnsley, Burgh, Haslemere, Ripon.-13, Ripon. 14, Hartlepool, Bishop-Auckland, Kirby Lonsdale, Yarm.-15, Bishop Auckland.-18, Wolfingham—19, Heimsley-Black Moor, -26, Durham Gilbro', Kirby-Stephen.--27, Barnardcafile, Kirbymoorfide.-. 30, Stokesley

144

, Staindrop, NEWBY

The PRIZES bave fallen to Meffrs. Ba ningham, and TODD, Hutton-Rudby fchool. Answers were also, received from D. Darlington, but were not obferved in time.-Mathematical Pieces fhould, when it can be done, be written feparate from other Com

munications.

THE

STOCKTON BEE.

For

MAY, 1795.

Account of the COMMON COD, and LING FISH.

T

HE common cod, is cinereous on the back and fides, and commonly fpotted with yellow:

the belly is white; but they vary much, not only in colour, but in fhape, particularly that of the head. The fide-line is white, and broad, and ftraight, till it reaches oppofite the vent, when it bends towards the tail. Codlings are often taken of a yellow, orange, and ever red colour, while they remain among the rocks; but on changing their place they affume the colour of other cod-fifh. The jaws are of an equal length, and at the end of the lower O

is a fmall beard; the teeth are difpofed in the palate as well as in the jaws.

The cod is found only in the northern parts of the world; it is, as Rondeletius calls it, an ocean fish, and never met with in the Mediterranean Sea, It at*fects cold climates, and feems confined between the latitudes 66 and 50; what are caught north and - fcuth of those degrees being either few in quantity or bad in quality. The Greenland fish are small, and emaciated through want of food; being very voracious, and having in thofe feas a fcarcity of provifion. This locality of fituation is common to many other fpecies of this genus, most of them being inhabitants of the cold feas, or fuch as lie within regions that can juft claim the title of temperate. There are nevertheless certain fpecies found near the Canary Iflands, called cherny, of which we know no more than the name; but which, according to Captain Glafs, are better tafted than the Newfoundland kind.

The great rendezvous of the cod-fifh is on the banks of Newfoundland, and the other fand-banks that lie off the coafts of Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, and New England. They prefer thofe fituations, by reafon of the quantity of worms produced in thofe fandy bottoms, which tempt them to refort there for food; but another caufe of the particular attachment the fish have to thefe fpots, is their vicinity to the polar feas, where they return to fawn: there they depofite their roes in full fecurity; but want of food forces them, as foon as the firit more fouthern feas are open, to repair thither for fubfilence, Few are taken north of Iceland, but on the fouth and weft coalis they abound: they are in found to (warm on the coafts of Norway, in the Baltic, off

the

the Orkney and the Western Ifles; after which their numbers decrease, in proportion as they advance towards the fouth, when they feem quite to cease before they reach the mouth of the Straits of Gibraltar.

Before the difcovery of Newfoundland, the greater fisheries of cod were on the feas of Iceland, and off our Western ifles, which were the grand refort of fhips from all the commericial nations; but it seems that the greatest plenty was met with near Iceland. The English reforted thither before the year 1415: for we find that Henry V. was difpofed to give the king of Denmark fatisfaction for certain irregularities committed on thofe feas by his fubjects. In the reign of Edward IV. the English were excluded from the fishery by treaty; and forbidden to refort there under pain of forfeiture of life and goods. Notwithftanding this, that monarch afterwards gave licence to a thip of Hull to fail to Iceland, and there relade fish and other, goods, without regard to any reftrictions to the contrary. The right of the English in latter times was far from being confirmed: for we find queen Elizabeth condefcending to afk permiffion to fith in thofe feas from Christian IV. of Denmark; yet afterwards the fo far repented her requeft, as to inftruct her ambaffadors at that court to infist on the right of a free ani universal fishery. In the reign of her fucceffor, however, they had not fewer than 150 fhips employed in the Iceland fifhery; which indulgence might arife from the marriage of James with a princefs of Denmark. But the Spanish, the French, and the Bretons, had much the advantage of the English in all fisheries at the beginning, as appears by the ftate of that in the feas of Newfound

02

land