"Humble" is an objective complement, because it names an attribute of the object complement resulting from the action asserted by the verb.

humble

Objective Complement

1. He pumped the well dry.

2. The boy bent the stick straight.

3. Good fortune has made him a fool.

4. True hope is swift.

5. Gentians roll their fringes tight.

6. Content makes poor men rich.

7. Discontent makes rich men poor.

8. The evening painted the snow a golden red. 9. The mother made the child her idol. 10. The people elected Johnson vice-president. 11. The death of Lincoln made him president. 12. Morning's laugh sets all the crags alight. 13. A good carpenter planes boards smooth.

TYPES OF SENTENCES.

43. Write a sensible sentence of each of the four types. What elements are necessary to form the first type of sentence? the second? the third? the fourth? What kind of verb is in the first? the second? the third? the fourth? What elements are necessary in every sentence?

EXERCISE.

44. Classify the following sentences according to the type, and give the elements of each which make it of the type you name.

Classify the verbs as complete or incomplete, transitive or intransitive, copulative or attributive.

1. A horse is a fine lady among animals.

2. The voyage of the Mayflower proved a stormy one.

3. The surf ran high.

4. Iron is a manly metal.

5. John van Eyck was the inventor of oil-painting. 6. Nettle-seed needs no sowing.

7. God made all pleasures innocent.

8. A beautiful eye makes silence eloquent.

9. An enraged eye makes beauty deformed.

10. Kindness is the sunshine of the spiritual world.

11. Education begins the gentleman.

12. Reading, good company, and reflection finish him.

13. The indulgence of revenge makes men savage and cruel.

14. The greatest of virtues is common-sense.

15. The day seems long.

16. I am the very pink of courtesy.

17. Hope lives.

18. The jay, the rook, the daw,

Aid the full concert.

19. The love-lorn nightingale mourneth. 20. A thing of beauty is a joy forever; Its loveliness increases.

21. I crown the winter king.

22. Mont Blanc is crowned monarch of mountains.

THE PREDICATE.

45. You have learned that in every sentence there must be a subject, and there must be an assertion about the subject. Recall the various forms of the assertion in different

sentences.

Write a sentence in which the assertion about the subject contains only the two necessary elements, a copula and a predicate attribute. Write a second sentence in which the assertion contains not only these two necessary elements, but a third, an object complement. Write a third sentence in which the assertion contains not only these three elements, but also a fourth, an objective complement. One term, the predicate, is used for all the various forms of the assertion.

Whatever is needed to make an assertion about a sub

ject, whether (1) copula and attribute complement, or (2) copula-attribute, or (3) copula-attribute and object complement, or (4) copula-attribute, object complement, and

The Predicate.

objective complement, the whole assertion forms what is called the predicate of the sentence. In other words, the predicate includes both the asserting word and all the words telling what is asserted of the subject.

THE PREDICATE OF A SENTENCE IS THAT PART OF IT WHICH BOTH ASSERTS AND TELLS WHAT IS ASSERTED OF THE SUBJECT.

EXERCISE.

46. Separate the following sentences into subject and predicate. Tell the elements of the predicate. Then name the type of sentence to which it belongs.

1. The storm swept the valleys clean.

2. Mountains of childish grief are molehills of age.

3. The rippling brook turns the mill-wheel.

4. The worst wheel of the cart makes the most noise.

5. Babbling streams are shallow.

6. Small clouds are sailing.

7. The rain is over and gone.

8. The very hairs of your head are numbered.

9. A close mouth catches no flies.

10. Righteousness and peace have kissed each other.

11. America was a land of wonder.

12. The rugged wilderness offered a stern and hard-won inde

pendence.

13. The wilderness of waves met the wilderness of woods.

14. They named the river the River of May.

15. The frightened Indians had fled.

16. The pressing question was how they were to subsist.

17. The soldier sheathed his sword.

18. The most prominent feature of their worship was sun-worship. 19. The snow shall be their winding-sheet.

20. Every turf beneath their feet

Shall be a soldier's sepulchre.

REVIEW OF DEFINITIONS.

47. A sentence is the expression of a complete thought in words.

The subject of a sentence names that of which something is asserted.

The predicate attribute names that which is asserted of the subject.

The copula of a sentence asserts the relation between the subject and the predicate attribute.

A copula-attribute is a word or group of words that has the uses of bọth copula and predicate attribute.

The predicate of a sentence is that part of it which both asserts and tells what is asserted of the subject.

A complement is an element of a sentence that completes the assertion made by an incomplete verb.

An attribute complement is an element of a sentence that completes the assertion made by an incomplete verb, and names an attribute of the subject.

An object complement is an element of a sentence that completes the assertion made by an incomplete verb, and names the receiver of the action.

An objective complement is an element of a sentence that names an attribute of the object complement, resulting from the action asserted by the verb.

A noun is a word that names an object.

A common noun is a word that names any one of a class.

A proper noun is a word that names an individual to distinguish it from others of the class to which it belongs.

A pronoun is a word that represents an object, but does not name it.

A verb is a word that asserts.

A verb-phrase is a group of words that asserts.

A copulative verb or verb-phrase is one whose principal use in the sentence is that of a copula.

An attributive verb or verb-phrase is one that contains in itself a predicate attribute.

A complete verb or verb-phrase is one that requires no complement to complete its meaning.

An incomplete verb or verb-phrase is one that requires a complement to complete its meaning.

A transitive verb or verb-phrase is one that asserts an action received by an object.

An intransitive verb or verb-phrase is one that does not assert an action received by an object.

A verb is in the active voice when its subject names the doer of the action asserted.

A verb is in the passive voice when its subject names the receiver of the action asserted.

MODIFIERS.

48. You have learned to separate sentences into their elements, and to classify them according to their type. The next step is to separate these elements into parts, to find how they are made.

(a) The lashing billows made a long report.

If sentence (a) be stripped to its bare necessary elements, it will read billows made report. Write these three words, and above each write the name of the element. What other words are used in the full sentence to modify, or change, the meaning of these bare elements? Which word tells the kind of billows? The makes lashing billows more definite. What two words modify the meaning of the object complement report? Read the two bare elements of sentence (b). Tell what words modify, or change, the meaning of each. Slowly tells how the sun descended. It modifies the attributive idea in the verb.

A word that modifies the meaning of another word in a sentence is called a modifier.