1 SEN.

You cannot make gross sins look clear;

To revenge is no valour, but to bear.

ALCIB. My lords, then, under favour, pardon

Why do fond men expose themselves to battle,
And not endure all threatnings? sleep upon it,
And let the foes quietly cut their throats,
Without repugnancy? but if there be

Such valour in the bearing, what make we
Abroad? why then, women are more valiant,
That stay at home, if bearing carry it;

And th' ass, more captain than the lion; the fellow',

5

threatnings?] Old copy-threats. This slight, but judicious change, is Sir Thomas Hanmer's. In the next line but one, he also added, for the sake of metre,—but—,

STEEVens.

Abroad?] What do we, or what have we to do in the field.

See vol. viii. p. 150, n. 5. MALONE.

" And th' ass, MORE CAPTAIN than the lion, &c.]

JOHNSON.

Here is an

other arbitrary regulation [the omission of-captain]: the original reads thus:

"Abroad? why then, women are more valiant

"That stay at home, if bearing carry it :

"And the ass, more captain than the lion,

'The fellow, loaden with irons, wiser than the judge,

"If wisdom," &c.

I think it may be better adjusted thus:

66

66

what make we

Abroad? why then the women are more valiant "That stay at home;,

66

If bearing carry it, then is the ass

"More captain than the lion; and the felon
"Loaden with irons, wiser," &c. JOHNSON.

if bearing carry it: " Dr. Johnson when he proposed to connect this hemistich with the following line instead of the preceding words, seems to have forgot one of our author's favourite propensities. I have no doubt that the present arrangement is right.

Mr. Pope, who rejected whatever he did not like, omitted the

Loaden with irons, wiser than the judge,
If wisdom be in suffering. O my lords,
As you are great, be pitifully good :
Who cannot condemn rashness in cold blood?
To kill, I grant, is sin's extremest gust*;
But, in defence, by mercy, 'tis most just 9.

8

words-" more captain." They are supported by what Alcibiades has already said:

66

My lords, then, under favour, pardon me,

"If I speak like a captain

and by Shakspeare's 66th Sonnet, where the word captain is used with at least as much harshness as in the text:

"And captive good attending captain ill.”

Again, in another of his Sonnets:

"Like stones of worth they thinly placed are,
"Or captain jewels in the carkanet."

Dr. Johnson with great probability proposes to read felon instead of fellow. MALONE.

The word captain has been very injudiciously restored. That it cannot be the author's is evident from its spoiling what will otherwise be a metrical line. Nor is his using it elsewhere any proof that he meant to use it here. RITSON.

I have not scrupled to insert Dr. Johnson's emendation, felon, for fellow in the text; but do not perceive how the line can become strictly metrical by the omission of the word-captain, unless, with Sir Thomas Hanmer, we transpose the conjunction-and, and read:

"The ass more than the lion, and the felon.”

STEEVENS.

Fellow is a common term of contempt. Boswell. - sin's extremest GUST;] Gust, for aggravation.

8

WARBURTON.

Gust is here in its common sense: the utmost degree of appetite for sin.

JOHNSON.

I believe gust means rashness. The allusion may be to a sudden gust of wind. STEEVENS.

So we say, it was done in a sudden gust of passion. MALONE. 9- by MERCY, 'tis most just.] By mercy is meant equity.

But we must read:

66

'tis made just."

WARBURTON. Mercy is not put for equity. If such explanation be allowed, what can be difficult? The meaning is, I call mercy herself to witness, that defensive violence is just.' JOHNSON.

6

The meaning, I think, is, 'Homicide in our own defence, by a merciful and lenient interpretation of the laws, is considered as justifiable. MALONE.

To be in anger, is impiety;
But who is man, that is not angry?
Weigh but the crime with this.

2 SEN. You breathe in vain.
ALCIB.

In vain ? his service done

At Lacedæmon, and Byzantium, Were a sufficient briber for his life. 1 SEN. What's that?

ALCIB. Why, I say, my lords, h'as done fair service,

And slain in fight many of your enemies:

How full of valour did he bear himself

In the last conflict, and made plenteous wounds? 2 SEN. He has made too much plenty with

'em 2,

He's a sworn rioter3: he has a sin that often
Drowns him, and takes his valour prisoner :
If there were no foes, that were enough alone *
To overcome him: in that beastly fury
He has been known to commit outrages,
And cherish factions: 'Tis inferr'd to us,
His days are foul, and his drink dangerous,

Dr. Johnson's explanation is the more spirited; but a passage in King John should seem to countenance that of Mr. Malone: Some sins do bear their privilege on earth,

I

66

"And so doth yours

STEEVENS.

Why, I say,] The personal pronoun was inserted by the editor of the second folio. MALONE.

2

- with 'EM,] The folio—with him. JOHNSON.

The correction was made by the editor of the second folio.

MALONE.

3 Is a SWORN RIOTER:] A sworn rioter is a man who practises riot, as if he had by an oath made it his duty. JOHNSON. The expression a sworn rioter, seems to be similar to that of sworn brothers. See Henry V. Act. II. Sc. I. MALONE.

4-alone-] This word was judiciously supplied by Sir Thomas Hanmer to complete the measure. Thus, in All's Well That Ends Well:

1 SEN. He dies.

ALCIB. Hard fate! he might have died in war. My lords, if not for any parts in him,

(Though his right arm might purchase his own time,

And be in debt to none,) yet, more to move you, Take my deserts to his, and join them both: And, for I know, your reverend ages love Security, I'll pawn my victories, all

5

My honour to you, upon his good returns.
If by this crime he owes the law his life,
Why, let the war receiv't in valiant gore;
For law is strict, and war is nothing more.

1 SEN. We are for law, he dies; urge it no more, On height of our displeasure: Friend, or brother, He forfeits his own blood, that spills another.

ALCIB. Must it be so? it must not be. My lords,

I do beseech you, know me.

2 SEN. HOW?

ALCIB. Call me to your remembrances ". 3 SEN.

What?

ALCIB. I cannot think, but your age has forgot

me;

It could not else be, I should prove so base",
To sue, and be denied such common grace:
My wounds ache at you.

5 your reverend ages love

SECURITY, I'll PAWN, &c.] He charges them obliquely with being usurers. JOHNSON.

6

So afterwards :

“That makes the senate ugly." MALONE.

remembrances.] Is here used as a word of five syllables. In the singular number it occurs as a quadrisyllable only. See Twelfth-Night, Act I. Sc. I.:

"And lasting in her sad remembrance." STEEVENS.. 7 I should prove SO BASE,] Base, for dishonoured.

WARBURTON.

1 SEN.

Do you dare our anger?

'Tis in few words, but spacious in effect;

We banish thee for ever.

ALCIB.

Banish me?

Banish your dotage; banish usury,

That makes the senate ugly.

1 SEN. If, after two days' shine, Athens contain thee,

Attend our weightier judgment. And, not to swell our spirit 9,

He shall be executed presently. [Exeunt Senators. ALCIB. Now the gods keep you old enough; that you may live

Only in bone, that none may look on you!

I am worse than mad: I have kept back their foes,
While they have told their money, and let out
Their coin upon large interest; I myself,
Rich only in large hurts ;-All those, for this?
Is this the balsam, that the usuring senate
Pours into captains' wounds? Banishment 1?
It comes not ill; I hate not to be banish'd;
It is a cause worthy my spleen and fury,
That I may strike at Athens. I'll cheer up

8 Do you dare our anger?

1

'Tis in few words, but spacious in effect;] This reading may pass, but perhaps the author wrote:

66

our anger?

""Tis few in words, but spacious in effect." JOHNSON.

9 And, NOT to swell OUR spirit,] I believe, means not to put ourselves into any tumour of rage, take our definitive resolution.' So, in King Henry VIII. Act III. Sc, I.:

"The hearts of princes kiss obedience,

"So much they love it; but, to stubborn spirits,
"They swell and grow as terrible as storms."

I HA! banishment?]

STEEVENS.

Thus the second folio. Its everblundering predecessor omits the interjection ha! and consequently spoils the metre.-The same exclamation occurs in Romeo and Juliet:

"Ha! banishment? be merciful, say-death.”

STEEVENS,