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his friendship for Mr. Fox to the Love of his CountryRoyal Message on the Russian Armament-State of the contest between Russia and the Porte-Negotiations for a Peace opened between those powers -The Empress Catherine rejects the proffered mediation of Great Britain and Prussia-Her hostile spirit towards Great Britain— Her ambitious views on Poland, and on Turkey-Mr. Pitt resolves to counteract those views-Mr. Fawkener is sent as Envoy Extraordinary to attend the Negotiations for Peace-Mr. Pitt moves the Address to the Throne on the message Explains the motives and the policy of the proposed Measure-The Motion opposed by Mr. Fox, who takes a very contracted and unfair view of the Question-He is answered by Mr. Pitt-Motion carriedThe Subject revived by Mr. Grey, who calls upon the House to adopt resolutions disapproving the very Address which they had recently voted-Contends that the conquest of Turkey, by Russia, would be beneficial to mankind Displays the spirit of the ancient CrusadersMr. Pitt observes a profound silence on the Question— Their supporters insist on the pernicious and ruinous Effects of the Russian System of Policy-Mr. Sheridan again panegyrises the French Revolution, and bespeaks perpetual Peace with regenerated France-Mr. Grey's Resolutions rejected by a majority of eighty-Fresh discussion on the same Topic introduced by Mr. BakerMr. Pitt claims, for Ministers, the confidence of the Country pending a negotiation Mr. Fox pronounces another Eulogy on the new Constitution of FranceMotion of Mr. Baker rejec ed by a majority of ninetytwo-A fourth debate on the Subject, on the motion of Mr. Thomas Grenville, which is rejected by a majority of ninety-four-Disadvantages under which the Minister laboured, during these discussions, from his inability to

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communicate all the motives of his Conduct-Reflections on the Confidence to be reposed in Ministers-Mr. Fox sends Mr. Adair to St. Petersburgh, as his Representative, to thwart the designs of his Majesty's Ministers, and to frustrate the Endeavours of his Majesty's Envoy-Mr. Burke's account of that Transaction, aptly characterized as a HIGH TREASONABLE MISDEMEANOUR-Favourable reception of Mr. Adair at the Russian Court-Effects of this unconstitutional Embassy-The Empress makes Peace with the Porte on her own Terms-Renewed discussions on the Canada-Bill-Mr. Burke's Speech-His Analysis of the new "Rights of Man."-Contrasts the French Constitution with the British-Depicts the misery of the French Colonies from the importation of the New Principles-Is called to order-Is supported by Mr. PittLord Sheffield moves that dissertations on the French Constitution are disorderly-Mr. Fox seconds the Motion

-Mr. Pitt declares. Mr. Burke to have spoken strictly in order-Mr. Fox attacks Mr. Burke; taxes him with Inconsistency, and reminds him that they had both deplored the death of American Rebels-Remarks on this and other parts of Mr. Fox's Speech-He is answered by Mr. Burke, who disclaims the motives imputed to him, -exposes the fallacy of Mr. Fox's Arguments, and the duplicity of his Conduct Describes the future Effects of the French Revolution-His Patriotism praised-His impressive exhortations to the two great Political RivalsMr. Fox replies-Mr. Burke rejoins-Adverts to the Proceedings of the seditious Societies in England-Mr. Pitt closes the discussion, by recommending Lord Sheffield's Motion to be withdrawn, and expresses his gratitude to Mr. Burke for his eloquent defence of the ConstitutionFarther discussion of the Canada-Bill-Mr. Fox modifies some of his former opinions respecting an Aristocracy

Remarks of Mr. Pitt-Answer of Mr. Burke-Reflections
on their respective Sentiments Radical difference of
Principle, independent of the French Revolution, between
Mr. Burke and Mr. Fox-Generous Conduct of Mr. Pitt-.
Prorogation of Parliament.

[1791] The debates on the Canada-Bill having produced an explicit declaration of opinion on the subject of the French Revolution, and not merely of opinion confined to that one object, but of principles applicable to all systems of government, and, consequently, to the British constitution itself, from the leaders of opposition in the House of Commons, the party exhibited stong apprehensions of a schism, and considerable efforts were made to prevent it. The friends of Mr. Fox accused him of imprudence in entering upon a subject which the question, under discussion, did not of necessity require; but this was an imprudence of which Mr. Fox was often guilty, for he was woefully deficient in judgment, and constantly committed himself, by advancing general principles when only called upon to give his opinion upon particular topics.They made advances to those who were known to be more particularly attached to Mr. Burke, and who, indeed, were not less anxious than

themselves, to avert a division which would, in fact, dissolve the party. They all were disposed to think, even those who thought with Mr. Fox, as those who differed from him, on the French Revolution, that a declaration of abstract principles was not a sufficient ground for separation, and that it would be time enough to separate when any national question should occur, to call for a practical application of those principles.

Mr. Burke, however, thought differently, and thought more justly. No one was more strongly attached than himself to his friends, both personal and political; but his sense of public duty now rose superior to all feelings of attachment, and reigned paramount over every private consideration. He had viewed the recent transactions in France, not only through a statesman's glass, but with a prophetic eye. His comprehensive mind had, as it were, with intuitive wisdom, grasped all their bearings and tendencies; he perceived that the principles and the actions of the Gallic reformers were neither meant to be, nor in their nature could be, limited to the country which gave them birth; but that they were calculated for all nations, and for all ages, to eradicate every thing that was settled, every thing that was good, every thing that was

worthy of preservation, and to substitute in their place every thing that was infamous, impure, and unholy. He was aware that the pretexts for promulgating those principles, and for committing those actions, were of a description to apply equally to every country, and to every constitution; that no form of government could resist, that no results of experience could withstand, them. The approbation which they had already received from different societies in England, now daily increasing in numbers, and in violence, had filled him with wellfounded alarm, that his native country would not escape their pestilential touch, and that the mania of rebellion would infect her inhabitants. Every object around him, at this period, served to strengthen his apprehensions, and to confirm his suspicions. Clubs were rising in every part, and congratulatory addresses were sent to the National Assembly, who were complimented, not merely for what they had done in their own country, but for the wonderful revolution which they had prepared for the rest of the world.* Mr. Burke's sen

* See the answer of the Revolution Society to the friends of the constitution, and of equality, in the City of Montpellier; dated London, March 27, 1791; in the Correspondence of the Revolution Society, &c. 8vo. p. 44.

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