MARENGO

316, 343. Supports Mr. Grenville's
Bill, 334. His conduct on the
trial of Almon, the bookseller, 376.
His reply to Lord Chatham, 377.
Unworthy proceeding in the Lords
on the matter, 378. Charges made
against him, 381 note. His speech

on American affairs, ii. 192. His
house burnt by the 'No Popery'
mob, 350. His speech on the sub-
ject, 355

Marengo, battle of, iv. 257

Maria-Theresa, Empress, her part in
the partition of Poland, ii. 128
Marie Antoinette, Queen, her treatment,
iii. 326. Her execution, 327
Marriage, effects of the unsettled state
of the law of, in the last century, ii.
54. Cause of clandestine marriages,
55. Matrimonial contracts among
the higher classes, 56. Failure of a
Bill to prevent the marriage of di-
vorced persons, 320
Marriage Act, the Royal, ii. 111.
Policy of restrictions on royal mar-
riages, 111. German origin of the
Royal Marriage Act, 114. Passes,

MORDAUNT

399

asperation of the State, 152. Forma-
tion of a Committee of Safety, 153
Maubeuge, siege of, iii. 320
Mauduit, Isaac, his 'Consideration of
the German War,' i. 409
May Fair marriages, ii. 55
Maynooth question, the, in 1799, iv.

293

M'Quirk, case of, i. 281

Medmenhain Abbey, orgies at, ii. 41
Mentz, the Prussians at, iii. 321
Meredith, Sir W., his motion in the
House of Commons respecting general
warrants, i. 136

Methuen Treaty, abandoned, iii. 150
Middlesex elections, riots at the, i. 264,

272, 273, 278. Petition of the
county to the Crown, 278. Lord
Chatham's condemnatory Bill, 342.
Debate on the election, 343. Great
meetings in, in 1779, ii. 334
Military affairs in 1778, ii. 315
Minorca at the close of the reign of
George II., i. 17. Loss of, 18. Pitt's
plan for recovering, 29. Restored to
England, 89. Attempt of the French
and Spanish at, ii. 396. Taken by
the French, 411

Mobs, frequency of, in the last century,
ii. 66. Turbulence of the people, 67
Monarchy, elective, evils of, ii. 123
Monasteries before the Reformation, ii.
22

Monmouth Court House, defeat of the
Americans at, ii. 301

Montcalm, Marquis de, commandant at

Quebec, i. 35. His position, 35.
Defeated and killed on the heights of
Abraham, 39, 40

Monckton, General, second in command
under Wolfe before Quebec, i. 38.
His death, 40. His operations against
the French West Indies, 85. Mont-
gomery, General, invades Canada, ii.
185. Killed at Quebec, 186
Montreal, surrender of, i. 40
Moorfields, the 'No Popery' riots in, ii,

349

Morals in the middle ages, ii. 4
Mordaunt, General, his want of prompti-
tude before Rochefort, i. 27, 28

Morristown, meeting at, ii. 400
Morton, Mr., his motion on the Regency
Bill, i. 167, 170

Motte, La, trial and execution of, iii.
372

Muir, Thomas, iii. 353. His prosecution,
iii. 353. His conviction and sentence,
355

Murphy, his Government paper the

'Auditor,' i. 408

Murray, Colonel, his threat to Lord
George Gordon, ii. 349
Murray, William. See Mansfield

NAPLES, imbecility of the Court of,

iv. 203 205. Defeat of the Nea-
politans in the Roman States, 207.
Occupied by the French, 207. Car-
dinal Ruffo's march upon, 209
National debt, increase of the, from the
beginning of the reign of George II.
to 1763, i. 93. Increase of the, in
1797, ii. 61. Pitt's attempts to re-
duce the, iii. 138. The time favour-
able for the reduction, 139. Delusive
notion of a sinking fund, 139. Price's
scheme, 140. Other plans, 143
Navigation Laws, how regarded by our
colonists, i. 146

Navy, state of the, in 1778, ii. 284.
Sir Philip Clerke's Bill, 285. Inde-
cisive operations of the Channel
Fleet under Keppel, 306. Naval
affairs in 1778, 315. Mutiny of the
fleet in 1796, iv. 45. Causes of dis-
content, 47. Answer to the demands
of the delegates, 48. End of the
mutiny, 49. The mutiny at St.
Helen's, 50. Mutiny at the Nore,
53. Mutinous disposition throughout
the navy, 60. Ill-usage of the sea-
men, 60
Nelson, Commodore (afterwards Earl),
at the battle of Cape St. Vincent, iv.
43, 44. Sent in pursuit of the
French, 190. Gains the battle of
the Nile, 192. His complaint of want
of frigates, 195. His despatch, 196.
Letters from Ladies Spencer and
Parker, 198.
Created a peer, 198.

NEW YORK

Sails for Naples, 200. His illness, 201
His reception by the Court at Naples,
201-203. His violence at Naples,
210. Goes to the Baltic, 345. His
dissatisfaction with the conduct of
Sir H. Parker, 347. Nelson's con-
duct at Copenhagen, 351. Condition
of the fleet, 353. His plans over-
ruled, 356. Appointed to the chief
command, 357. His dissatisfaction,
357. His resignation, 358. Com-
mands an attack on Boulogne, 360
Netherlands, the French in the, iii. 310
Newcastle, Duke of, his character as a

statesman, i. 9. His policy, 10.
Addresses himself to Mr. Fox, 11.
Who is gained over by a place, 13.
Attemps to throw the responsibility of
his acts upon Sir Edward Hawkes, 14.
Fails to gain over the Earl of Chat-
ham, 16. Dissolution of his mini-
stry, 21, 22. Attempts to form a
new administration and a union with
Pitt, 24. Forms a new ministry
with Pitt, 25. His exultation on the
fall of Pitt, 71. His intrigues for
the ruin of Pitt, 71, 72. Treated
with indignity, 81. Resigns, 82.
Dignity with which he retired, 82,
83. Dismissed from the lieutenancy
of his county, 103. Applied to to form
an administration in 1765, 186.
His extension and organisation of
parliamentary corruption, ii. 37. His
levees in Lincoln's Inn Fields, 42
Newenham, Sir Edward, his disloyalty,
iii. 121-123.

Newfoundland, claims of Spain to fish
on the banks of, i. 65. Rights
the French to fish on the banks con-

firmed by treaty, 88. Claims of
Spain relinquished, 89
Newgate destroyed by the 'No Popery'
mob, ii. 350
Newspapers, Colonel Onslow's motion

against the, ii. 75. Scurrility of some
of the, 76. Stamp on, iii. 227
New York, refusal of the Assembly
of, to obey an enactment of Parlia
ment, 250. Suspension of, by Act
of Parliament, 251. Washington

NILE

fixes his headquarters at, ii. 212.
Captured by the English, 220
Nile, battle of the, iv. 192
Nore, mutiny at the, iv. 53. Parker's
Parliamentary

behaviour, 54, 55.

denunciation of the mutineers, 56.
Suppression of the mutiny, 58.
Execution of Parker, 58
Norfolk, Duke of, his disloyalty, iv. 74,
82

'North Briton,' Wilkes's, i. 124
North, Lord, in the Chatham Adminis-
tration, i. 224. Declines the Chan-
cellorship of the Exchequer, 244. But
accepts it on the death of Charles
Townshend, 254. Brings down a mes-
sage from the Crown respecting the
Civil List, 288. His construction of a
new cabinet, 323. His defiance of
public opinion, 233. His opinions,
324. His loyalty, 324. His con-
temptuous denial of grievances, 328.
His addition to Mr. Dowdeswell's

motion, 329. His injudicious con-
duct as to American affairs, 345.
Signs of the longevity of his Govern-
ment, 357. Burke's rudeness to
him in the House, 417. Meeting at
his house to consider the question of
parliamentary reporting, ii. 79. His
proposal, 84. Insulted on his way
to the House, 86. Prompted in his
course of action by the Court, 90.
Dismisses Fox from office, 149. His
Bill for the suspension of the Habeas
Corpus Act in America, 229. De-
spondency of the members of his
Government, 266. His desire to
resign, 267, 272. His tone of
dejection, 268. His Conciliation
Bills, 269, 272. His overtures to
the Whigs, 321. Partial change
in the Administration, 335. His
arguments on the inquiry into the
conduct of the American war, 412.
His resignation, 415. His remarks
on curtailing the power of the King,
iii. 32. Sent for by the King, but
refuses office, 33. His opposition
to Pitt's plan of parliamentary
reform, 38. Joins the Coalition

OPPOSITION

401

Ministry, 34. Dismissed by the
King, 75. His unpopularity, 101.
His opposition to concessions to
the Irish, 130. His motion on the
regency question, 192. His death,
288. Review of his character, 288
Northampton, contest for the borough
of, in 1768, i. 258

Northern League, Lord Chatham's pro-
posed, i. 228. Defeat of the project,

230

Northesk, Earl of, his mission from the
mutineers at the Nore to the King,
iv. 57
Northington, Lord, Lord Chancellor in
the Rockingham ministry, i. 189.
Resigns the Great Seal, 219. Com-
manded by the King to communicate
with Pitt, 219. Becomes President
of the Council, 222. Retires from
office, 253

Northumberland, Earl of, treatment of
the, by the Duke of Bedford, i. 175.
Proposed by the Duke of Cumberland
as Prime Minister, 176. Raised to a
dukedom, 234

Norton, Sir Fletcher, Speaker of the

House of Commons, his authority set
at nought, i. 328. His attack upon
Lord North, ii. 341. Defeated in the
contest for Speaker in the Parliament
of 1780, 385. Review of his con-
duct in the chair, 385

Novels of the Restoration, ii. 38
Nowell, Dr., his sermon before the House
of Commons, ii. 116

101.

Majority in

liament on the,
favour of the, 103
Parker, the mutineer, iv. 54. His exe-
cution, 58.
His character, 59
Parker, Admiral, his conduct in the
Baltic, iv. 346. His dilatoriness,
348. Recalled, 357

Parliament. Party jealousy, i. 4.
Break-up of the Opposition in 1751,
by the death of the Prince of Wales,
5. Parliamentary corruption in 1757,
26.

Mode in which parliamentary
government in England first developed
itself, 51. Venality of Parliament in
1761, 67, 74, 97. The four political
parties at this time, 74. Condition
of the Court party, 96. Commence-
ment of the struggle between prero-
gative and parliamentary govern-
ment, 97. Prices at which votes
were purchased by Mr. Fox, 98.

PARLIAMENT

Discussion on the treaty of Paris,
101. Appearance of Pitt in the
House of Commons, 101. His speech,
102. Majority in favour of the peace,
103. Parliament appealed to in the
matter of John Wilkes, 130. Deci-
sion of the House of Commons, 130.
Conduct of the House of Lords, 131-
134. Wilkes expelled the House,
135, 274. Increase of the minority
in the Commons, 139. Discussions
on the Regency Bill, 160, 161. In-
quiry into American grievances, 207.
Measures of the Rockingham ad-
ministration, 214. Insubordination
of state officers at this period, 216.
Disorder of Parliament under Lord
Chatham's administration, 243. The
general election of 1768, 255. Prices
of seats, 255. Gratification to Lords
as well as Commons, 256. Case of
the Mayor and Corporation of Oxford,
257. Proportion of electors to the
population, 257. The people not
represented in Parliament, 257.
Popular orators always lost in Par-
liament, 271. Right of the House
of Commons to expel a member, 276.
Debate on the deficiency in the Civil
List in 1769, 288. Reunion of the
Grenville connection, 309. The Horned
Cattle session, 311. Lord Chatham's
speech on parliamentary reform, 321.
The Speaker's authority set at
nought, 328. Mode of getting up
petitions of undue elections, 332.
Main provisions of Mr. Grenville's
Bill, 332. Meeting of Parliament
in 1770, 371. Debate on the case
of Almon the bookseller, 376.. Ex-
traordinary scene in the Lords, 383.
Indignation of the Commons, 384.
Results of this quarrel, 386. Powers
and privileges of the Lords and Com-
mons, 394. Former character of the
Commons, 396. Parliamentary pre-
ponderance of the landed interest,
397, 403. Faulty elective system,
400, 401. A new class of members
introduced into Parliament, 401.
Parliamentary eloquence, 411. Com

PARLIAMENT

Par-

parison of modern and former Par-
liaments, 412. And parliamentary
eloquence, 414. Improvements in
parliamentary departments, 416.
Rudeness in debate in former times,
416. Personal attacks on the
Speaker, 418. The Speaker's present
authority, 418. Inordinate length of
modern debates, 419. Necessity for
parliamentary discussion, 420.
Power of the Commons and destruc-
tion of arbitrary power, ii. 35.
liamentary corruption introduced by
Walpole, 36. Ministerial levees, 42.
Resumption of power by the Crown,
43. Dissolution of the Whig Oppo-
sition in 1771, 70. Attempt to ex-
clude parliamentary reporters, 72.
Colonel Onslow's motion, 73. De-
bates on the motion, 75-77. Con-
test between the House of Commons
and the City, 78. Debates on privi-
lege, 83, 84. Arbitrary spirit of the
House of Commons, ii. 84. Com-
mittal of the Lord Mayor to the
Tower, 85. Popular dislike of par-
liamentary privilege, 87. Question
of the validity of the Speaker's
warrant, 88. Formation of a com-
mittee to draw up a history of the
proceedings and to search for pre-
cedents, 89. Their report derided,
90. Lord Chatham's Bill for the
reform of Parliament, 97, 99. Cha-
racter of the constituencies in 1771,
98. Dr. Nowell's sermon before the
House of Commons, 116. Petition
on the subscription to the Thirty-
nine Articles, 119. Bill for the relief
of Protestant Dissenters, 119. East
Indian and American affairs in
1773-4, 157. Opposition to the Bill for
determining controverted elections,
162.

Debate on Horne Tooke's libel,
163. Indiscriminate conduct of the
House when baffled by Horne Tooke,
166. Excessive license of parliamen-
tary debate, 167. Discussions on the
right to tax the colonies, 189. Intem-
perate character of the debates, 193,
198. Debates on the session of 177.6-7

PARLIAMENT

403

Debates on

on American affairs, 227.
the Civil List,,232. Offensive and inde-
cent expressions of applause or dissent
in the last century, 236. Bill for the
better security of dockyards, 236.
Debates on the war in America, 262.
Movements of the Opposition, 266.
Message from the Crown announcing
a rupture with France, 274. Lord
Chatham's last speech in Parliament,
277. Debate on the Duke of Rich-
mond's motion, 281. His motion
defeated, 282. Agitation for par-
liamentary reform, Catholic relief, and
free trade, 282-287. Resumption of
the debates on American affairs, 313.
Rupture with Spain, 316. Debate
on the Spanish manifesto, 317. And
on the state of Ireland, 332. Burke's
economical Reform Bill, 333, 337.
Presentation of the county petitions,
337. Inquiry into the pension list,
339. Violent debates and political
duels, 340. Scandalous discussion
between the Speaker and the Attorney-
General, 341. Accumulation of pe-
titions for reform, 341. Dunning's
motion for diminishing the power of
the Crown, 342. Want of parlia-
mentary strength and union, 343.
Scene in Parliament at the 'No
Popery' riots, 348. Consideration
of the great Protestant petition, 357.
Contest for speaker in the new Par-
liament of 1780, 384. Vote of thanks
to the late Speaker and to Lord
Cornwallis, 387. Attack on Lord
Sandwich, 387. Debate on the
rupture with Holland, 388. And on
the appointment of Sir Hugh Palliser,
388. Rejection of Burke's Bill on
the Civil List, 390. Pitt's first
speech in Parliament, 391. Violence
of the Opposition in 1781, 397.
Debates on the close of the American
war, 408. Motion for an inquiry into
the conduct of the war, 411. General
Conway's motion carried, 412, 413.
Perseverance of the Opposition, 413.
Debate on vote of no confidence,
414. Condition of Ireland in 1732,