424. Disqualification of contractors,

430.

Debate on the Civil List, 431.
Intimidation of the Government and
virulence of the Opposition, iii. 26.
Condemnation of the treaties with
France, Spain, and America, 27.
Amendment to the Address, 27.
Resignation of Lord Shelburne, 28.
Formation of the Coalition ministry,
32. State of parties in 1783, 36.
Pitt's plan of parliamentary reform,

37.
56.

India Bills and Indian affairs,
Excitement of the Commons on
the rejection of the India Bill by the
Lords, 73. Mr. Baker's resolution,
and opposition to it, 73. Pitt's minis-
try, 84. Debate on Fox's third India
Bill, 90.
Virulence of the Opposi-
tion, 94.

Votes as to want of con-
fidence, 94. Dissolution, 96. Agi-
tation for reform, 117. Debate on
the Prince of Wales's affairs, 158.
Impeachment of Warren Hastings,
168. Prosecution of Stockdale,
174. Debates on the slave trade,
176, 226. Discussions on a regency,
183. Modes of parliamentary delay,
191. The tobacco duties, 226.
Stamps on newspapers, 227. De-
bates on French affairs, 238. Dis-
solution, 245. Debate on the trial
of Warren Hastings, 247. On the
slave trade, 251. And on Russian
policy, 252. Movements of the Op-
position in 1792, 272. Mr. Grey's
notice of bringing forward the ques-
tion of parliamentary reform, 272.
Proceedings in the House of Com-
mons on the declaration of war with
France, 308, 309. Traitorous Cor-
respondence Bill brought in, 356.
Policy of peace urged by the Op-
position, 359. Sheridan's motion as
to the Volunteers, 362. Defence of
the Government, 363. Debate on the
continuance of the war with France,
410. Proceedings of the Opposition,

412.

The King's message as to the
establishment of the Prince of Wales,
419. Coercive measures in 1795,
iv. 16. Act to repress public dis-

63.

71.

PARTIES

cussion, 17. Violent debate on the
measure, 18. Petitions against the
Bills, 20. Loans and new taxes, 23.
The Opposition against negotiations
with France, 26. The new Parlia-
ment of 1796, 33. Financial affairs,
34. Parliamentary denunciation of
the mutineers at the Nore, 56.
Motion for a change of the Ministry,
Plans for invading England,
Factious conduct of the Oppo-
sition, 73. The budget of 1797, 75.
Opposition to it, 76. Idea of prosecut-
ing the chiefs of the Opposition, 82.
Motion for dismissal of the Ministry,
84. Question of the Union of Ireland
with England, 133. Defeat of mi-
nisters, 135. Mr. Pitt's plan of par-
liamentary reform, 139, 182. De-
bate on the Irish Union, 184. Pitt's
financial measures in the session of
1799, 236. Debate on a war policy,
245.

Meeting of the first Parlia-
ment of the United Kingdom, 284.
Pitt's resignation, 298, 314. Mr.
Addington's administration, 299, 314.
Committee on Horne Tooke's case,
325. Bill to exclude clergymen
from Parliament, 328. Opinion of
Parliament on the peace, 364
Parliament, Irish, debates in, in

1779, ii. 331. The Short Money
Bill, 332. Meeting in 1782, 428.
Grattan's propositions, 428. His
speech, 428. Proceedings in con-
sequence of the King's illness, iii.
217. Prorogued, iv. 153, 173.
Grattan's speech on the Union, 177.
The Act of Union passed, 181. Its
corruption, 88, 97. Dissolved, 109.
Proceedings of the new Parliament,
132, 134. Lord Castlereagh's mo-
tion, 153

Parties, state of, in 1760-1770, i.

389-391. Disadvantages and dan-
gers of party, 392. The constitu-
tion appealed to by party, 392.
Government by party, 399. Party
squabbles, 400. Employment of
political partisans, 405. Impossi-
bility of party government at the

405

PAUL

Pelham, Mr., his death, i. 5
Penn, Mr., draws up a petition from
Congress to the King, ii. 197. His
statement at the bar of the House of
Commons, 197

Pension list, parliamentary inquiry
into the, ii. 339

Pensions, proposal to tax, ii. 285
Pennsylvania, propositions of the home
Government to the Assembly of, ii.
174

Penthièvre, betrayed by treachery, iv. 8
Periodicals, political, character of the,
of the last century, i. 406
Perry, Mr., his prosecution and ac-
quittal, iii. 350

Philadelphia, assembly of the Congress
of the States at, ii. 154, 175. Cap-
tured by the British, 247. Evacu-
ated by the British, 300

Philip Egalité, his execution, iii. 327
Philippine Islands, the, taken from
Spain, i. 85

Pichegru, General, in command of the
Checked,

French army, iii. 397.
399. His successes, 401
Pillory, punishment of the, in the last
century, ii. 68

Pitt, William (afterwards Earl of
Chatham), his eloquence, i. 6. His
character as a statesman, 6. His
affectation, 7. His reverence for
royalty, 7. In the subordinate office
of Paymaster, 12. Attacks the
Attorney-general, 12. Refuses the

Duke of Newcastle's terms, 16.
Dismissed, 16. Becomes Secretary
of State in the Duke of Devonshire's
administration, 22. His vigorous
conduct, 22. Becomes personally
distasteful to the King, 23. Dis-

the country, 26. State of the empire
when consigned to his care, 26, 27.
Proposes to cede Gibraltar to Spain
in consideration of her assisting
England to recover Minorca, 29.
His vigorous prosecution of the war,
30, 32. Procures Frederick the
Great a subsidy, 31. His character
as a public man, 50. George III.'s
treatment of him, 57. Awaits his
dismissal with dignity and temper,
58. His policy as to the war with
France, 58, 59. Offended by the
interference of France in Spanish
affairs, 63. Censured by some for
having caused the Family Compact,
64. Takes prompt measures for the
renewal of hostilities with Spain, 65.
His rigorous policy, 65. Retires from
office, 66. Review of his policy, 66.
His remedy for the state of the
nation, 67. His popularity, 67. His
consistency, 68. Character of his
subordinates and agents, 69. In-
trigues of Newcastle to ruin him, 71,
72.
Influence of court favour on
him, 72. His wife created Baroness
Chatham, 72. His consequent un-
popularity, 72. His reception in the
city on Lord Mayor's Day, 73.
magnanimity, 77. Mr. Thomas Wal-
pole deputed to sound him, 96. His
appearance in the House on the debate
on the peace of Paris, 101. His
speech, 102. Compared with Henry
Fox, the first Lord Holland, 112.
Attempts to form a new administra-
tion under Pitt, i. 115, 118. Who
receives the royal commands, 118.
Its failure, 120. Treacherous con-
duct of the King towards Pitt,
120-123. The Duke of Cumberland
put into communication with Pitt,
170-177. Terms upon which Pitt
principally insisted, 177. Failure

His

of the negotiation, 179
And of a
new scheme, 184. Retires into
Somersetshire, 185, 186. Sir W.
Pynsent's bequest to him, 186. Re-
appears in his place in Parliament
on the debate on America, 197. His
speech, 198. His eloquent reply
to Grenville's speech, 201. His
advice, 203. His influence on the
decision of the Rockingham adminis-
tration as to America, 213. Over-
tures made by Lord Rockingham to
him, without success, 218. Receives
the King's commands to form a new
administration, 219. His answer to
Lord Northington, 219. Temple's
interference, 220.
political and private friendship, 222.
Composition of the new Ministry,
222. Raised to the peerage as Earl
of Chatham, 222. See Chatham.
Pitt, William (son of the preceding), his

Severance of their

first speech in Parliament, ii. 391.
His speech denouncing the American
War, 408. His rejection of office,

423. His motion for a committee of
inquiry into the representation, 434.
Becomes Chancellor of the Exchequer,
441. Commencement of his conflict
with Fox, 443. Offered the Govern-
ment by the King, iii. 33.
His plan
of parliamentary reform, 37. Becomes
Prime Minister, 84. His Cabinet,
85. His India Bill, 89. His con-
duct on Fox's third India Bill, 90-
92. His growing popularity, 93,
106. His disinterestedness, 105.
His impolitic conduct as to the high
bailiff of Westminster, 109. His
financial measures, 109. His new
India Bill, 111. His views on Irish
reform, 125. His plan of policy,
125-127. His advanced views of
commercial freedom, 128. Defeat of
his Irish Bill, 132. His disappoint-
ment, 133. Introduces a Reform Bill,
134.

Which is rejected, 136. His
Bill for regulating public offices car-
ried, 136, 137. His attempt to re-
duce the National Debt, 138. His
conduct on Hastings's impeachment,

PITT

148. His plan for the consolidation
of the Customs and Excise, 152. His
denunciation of Fox's doctrine as to
the Regency, 184. His resolutions,
190. Effect of his speech, 192. His
resolutions on the Regency, 200. His
defence of the Queen, 202. Diffi-
culties of his position at this time,
213. His colleagues, 216. His
failure to conciliate the Whigs, 286.
Made Warden of the Cinque Ports,
289. His speech on war with France,
301. Disinclination of the Ministry
for war, 304, Pitt's policy, 305.
His conduct respecting the French
Revolution, 336. His repressive
measures, 338, 364. His violent
speech on the continuance of the war
with France, 410, 413. His proposal to
relieve the Prince of Wales, 420. Un-
diminished confidence in him in 1796,
iv. 33. His reserve as to the appro-
priation of the loan, 35. His sup-
plementary loan in 1797, 62. Motion
for a change in the Ministry, 63.
Pitt's sincere desire for peace, 64, 68.
Becomes unpopular, 77. His plan
for the redemption of the Land Tax,
78. His quarrel with Tierney, 80.
His opinion on Union with Ireland,
133. Defeat of ministers, 135. His
plan of parliamentary reform, 139.
His resolutions on the Union, 146.
His support of Cornwallis, 146. His
speech on the representation, 182.
His defence of a war policy, 245.
False confidence of ministers, 247.
Pitt's vindication of his policy, 248.
Success of his loan, 248, 249. Divi-
sions in his Cabinet, 260. Discussions
in the Cabinet as to Catholic eman-
cipation, 286, 290. Mr. Pitt's mea-
sure, 289. Difficulties of the Cabinet,
292. His advice to the King on the
Catholic question, 295. Offers to
resign, 295. Difficulties as to the
power of the Cabinet, 296. His
resignation, 298, 299, 314. His
conversations with the Prince of
Wales as to the King's illness, 307.
His support of Addington, 311. His

PITT

Poland, partition of, i. 230. Sketch of
the history of the proceeding, ii. 121.
Nobles and serfs, 122. Evils of
elective monarchy, 123. Military
condition of Poland, 125. Russian
interference, 125. Death of Augus-
tus III., 125. Character of the
Polish Constitution, 126. State of
Europe at the time of the partition,
126. Compulsory election of Ponia-
towski to the throne, 127. Execu-
tion of the Partition Treaty, 128.
Apportionment of the territory, 129.
Conduct of France in relation to the
partition, 130. Policy of England,
130. Present opinion on the parti-
tion, 133

"Political adventurers,' i. 111, 112
Poniatowski, Stanislaus, king of Poland,
ii. 126

'Pop-gun Plot,' the, iv. 81
Popularity, political, i. 262
Portland, Duke of, formation of his
ministry, iii. 34

Portsmouth, plan for the defence of, iii.
143

Portugal, subsidy granted by Parlia-
ment to, i. 78. Invaded by the
Spaniards, who are compelled by the
British to retreat, 86
Power, balance of, in Europe, i. 151.
Views of the last century, 152
Poynings' law, repeal of, ii. 424
Pratt, Chief Justice, draws up the pro-

test of the minority of the peers
against the decision of Parliament in
the case of Wilkes, i. 34 note.
Created Earl Camden, 190
Prerogative, royal, attempt of George
III. to recover the, i. 51. Com-
mencement of the struggle between
parliamentary government and, 97.

QUEBEC

407

Progress of the struggle, 104. Re-
pulsive form which government by
prerogative was made to assume under
George III., 106. The rights and
privileges of the Crown defined and
arbitrary power destroyed by the
Commons, ii. 35, 36. Resumption
of power by the Crown, 43. Nature
of royal responsibility, iii. 76
Press, indiscriminate prosecutions of the,
iii. 340, 346. Their futility, 347.
Persecution of the, in Ireland, iv.
109

Preston, Major, surrenders St. John's,
ii. 185

Price, Dr., his system of a Sinking Fund

for paying off the National Debt, 142.
His part in the Revolution Society,
iii. 265
Priestley, Dr., and the Unitarian Society,
iii. 266. His house burnt, 268
Princeton, capture of, ii. 225
Prussia, alliance of France, Austria, and

Russia against, i. 19, 20. England
forced by circumstances into an alliance
with, 20. Commencement of the
Seven Years' War, 20. Our Prussian

policy, 78. Consequence of the
Prussian alliance to England, 80.
End of the Seven Years' War, 86, 90.
Secession of Prussia from the alliance,
iii. 397. Her mercenary conduct, 404
Publishers, the, of London, at the end
of the last century, iii. 347. In-
discriminate prosecution of them,
348

Puisaye, Count de, his proposal for in-
vading Brittany, iv. 2. Failure of
the plan, 27. His disappointment,
4. Defeated by Hoche, 7. De Pui-
saye's plans, 10

Pulteney, Mr., raised to the peerage as
Earl of Bath, i. 3

Puritans, their conflict with the Royalists,

RANELAGH Gardens, ii. 50

Rawdon, Lord, his retreat, ii. 403
Reeves, his Thoughts on the English
Government,' iv. 21. His trial and
acquittal, 22

Reform, parliamentary, Lord Chatham's
Bill, ii. 97. Character of the con-
stituencies in 1771, 98. Agitation
for reform in 1778, ii. 282. Ac-
cumulation of petitions to Parliament
for reform, 341. Burke's views as
to, 422. His Bill, 431. Mr. Pitt's
motion for a committee of inquiry,
434. Pitt's plan of reform, iii. 37.
Pitt's Reform Bill, 134. Want of
interest in reform, 134. Its absurd
conditions, 135. Renewal of the
question in 1790, 245. Mr. Grey's
notice of motion, 272. Mr. Pitt's
plan of reform, iv. 139. His speech,

182

Reformation, influence of the, on educa-
tion, ii. 10. And on civil and reli-
gious liberty, 19. Rise of religious
freedom in England, 21. Influence
of the teaching of Wickliffe, 22.
Religious bias of the northern coun-
ties, 23. Advantages of gradual
reform, 23

Regency, question of a, on the illness

of the King, i. 159. Discussions in
Parliament on the Regency Bill, 160,
161. Insertion of a new clause,
162, 170. Decision on the Bill,
171. Expectations of a regency in
1788, iii. 183. Debate on the ques-
tion, 183 et seq. Real question to
be considered, 189. Proposed restric-
tions on the Regent, 197. Condi-
tions of the Regency Bill, 203. The
Bill abandoned, 206

Religion in the middle ages, ii. 4. As-
sumption of authority by the Church,

RIDGWAY

ii. 17. Church government, 17
The Royalists and Puritans, 18
Rise of religious freedom, 21. Effec
of the Act of Uniformity, 27
Popular contempt for religion from
the Revolution till late in the last

century, 34. Effect of the Evangeli
cal movement, 34. Evil results
irreligion, 37. The religion and
morality of the middle classes in
the last century, 57. Advance of
the cause of religious liberty, i

249

De-

Reports, parliamentary, attempt to sup-
press, ii. 72. Dr. Johnson's reports,
72, 73. Colonel Onslow's motion
against reporters, 73. Contumacy
and arrest of the printers, 74.
bates on Onslow's motion, 75-77.
Contest between the City and the
House of Commons on the subject,
78. Meeting at Lord North's tol
consider the question, 79. End of
the quarrel, 90

Representative principle, the, i. 205
Restoration, state of manners at the, ii.
27. Venality of statesmen at the
time, 35. Evil results of irreligion
at this time, 37. Effeminacy of men
of fashion, 39
Revolution, the French, considered as
an appeal from traditional authority
to reason and free will, ii. 20, 235
Revolution, the English, favourable
circumstances under which it took
place, ii. 21

Revolution Society, the, iii. 265
Reynolds, the Irish informer, iv. 111
Rhine, campaign on the, in 1794, iii.

403

Rhode Island, attempt of the French
and Americans on, ii. 301. Failure
of the enterprise, 301
Richmond, Duke of, becomes Secretary
of State, i. 219. His motion for
concluding peace with the American
colonies, ii. 276-281. His inoppor-
tune motion for universal suffrage,
347, 348

Ridgway, the publisher, his prosecution,
iii. 348