if we regard Him merely as one who foretells what is to come to pass. A prophet is properly one who declares the will of God, a medium between God and man, reveal ing to man things which man by reason could not discover. We see in the three years' ministry of Christ the threefold function of our Lord appear, not one alone in each year, but one more especially prominent in each year in the first, when He spoke His parables and gave the Sermon on the Mount, we see Him especially invested with the prophetic office; in the second, when He fed the multitudes, when they sought to take Him by force and make him a king, when He commanded the winds and waves and expelled the evil spirits, we see Him especially assuming His royal office; and in the last, when He Again, our Lord showed Himself to be the Lord of all time, of the past, the present and the future. As Lord of the present He healed the sick, He commanded the storm, He raised the dead. As Lord of the past, after His death His spirit went down and preached to the spirits in prison, applying to them the blood of the covenant, so as to release them from their place of bondage as prisoners of hope. As Lord of the future He proclaimed His second coming as Judge of all mankind, and His kingdom which should be without end. Thus in the Gospel we have Christ exhibited as Lord of all time-that is, as eternal with the Father. He is shown also as Lord of all creatures. He commanded the evil spirits and they obeyed Him. He taught UNVAILING OF THE FRANCIS SCOTT KEY MONUMENT IN THE GOLDEN GATE PARK, SAN FRANCISCO, JULY 4TH, 1888.-SEE PAGE 293. offered Himself on the cross a sacrifice for sin, we behold | mankind, and became to man the second Adam, the new Him in His priestly office, Himself both sacrifice and priest. Moreover, we see in Christ, as exercising the teaching office, instructing in the way of God, the will of God, and revealing things to come, the manifestation of the Divine wisdom. In His miracles of healing, multiplying the loves, converting water into wine, casting out devils, raising the dead to life again, we see the manifestation of the Divine power. And in His oblation of Himself on the cross, in His bearing our transgressions and carrying our sorrows, in His Passion and Death, we see the manifestation of Divine goodness. Head of the human race. And He is Lord also of the angels: "When He bringeth His first begotten into the world, He saith, Let all the angels of God worship Him." He is therefore shown as Lord of all spirits, of angels and devils-that is, of incorporeal spirits, good and bad; and of men who are made of body and spirit. He is shown us also as Lord of all nature-the sun turns to darkness when He is crucified. In the wilderness, when tempted, He is with the wild beasts, and they do not hurt Him. He promises, "Behold I give you power to tread on serpents and scorpions - and nothing shall by any means hurt you." Winds and waves obey Him. He is Lord over the beasts and over inanimate nature, as well as over the hearts of men. The first event in the sacred story is the Annunciation to Mary that the Holy Ghost would overshadow her; and the last event is the descent of the Holy Ghost on the new-formed Church, the Bride. Christ came down from heaven to be born of Mary; and He ascended again to heaven to His Father. As He was born into the world, so after death He rose again-a new birth from the womb of the grave. At the beginning of His life He was pursued and His life sought by Herod; at the end He was pursued and His life taken, and Herod, Pilate and the Jews were implicated in His death. At His nativity a star shone miraculously out of the sky over Bethlehem; at His death the sun was darkened miraculously in the sky over Clvary. When His life was sought, He fled into Egypt; when His life was taken, His soul went down into Hades. At His baptism a voice from heaven proclaimed that He was the beloved Son; and so also at His transfiguration. At the beginning of His life He was circumcised and shed His blood; at the close He sweated drops of blood in His agony. At His Epiphany wise men came from the East to worship, and in the cave of Bethlehem shepherds adored the infant King, the Son of David. At the end, as He went into Jerusalem, a multitude waved branches of palms, cast their garments before Him, and sang Hosanna to the Son of David. In a brief paper such as this it is not possible to do more than to point out a few of those analogies between the ac's of our Lord's life at different periods. In God's providence there is no chance and uncertainty-all is order and harmony; and we believe that a careful study and comparison of our Lord's acts would show that the harmony and symmetry existing throughout is far more perfect than would be supposed by those whose attention has not been directed to it. A PRAYER FOR CHARITY, BY JEREMY TAYLOR. FULL of mercy, full of love, Look upon us from above; Thou, who taught'st the blind man's night O let Thy love our pattern be; Our dust shall cease to be with men. DISCOVERIES AT JERUSALEM, SIR CHARLES WILSON has forwarded to Mr. J. Glaisher, Chairman of the Palestine Exploration Fund, a letter in which, alluding to a recent discovery by Herr Schick, he siys: "At the southeast corner of the block of buildings which includes the Church of the Holy Sepulchre, the Russian and Greek Churches have been clearing the ground and erecting new buildings. The result of these improvements has been to sweep away the old street mentioned in 'La Citey de Jherusalem' (about 1187 A D.) as 'une rue couverte à voute, par u on va el mostier del sepulcre.' In this street the Syrians sold cloth, and made the wax candles which were in so much request in the neighboring church. Many years ago-so many that all remembrance of the fact had been lost-the street was walled up, and no one suspected that it had remained almost intact to our own day, until Herr Schick's communication was received. The removal of the old street, or bazaar, led to a discovery of even greater interest-viz., that it had been built upon an ancient pavement of very large flat stones of great thickness, which proved to be a continuation of the pavement found some years ago in the ground to the north, owned by the Russians. This pavement is probably the work of Constantine, part of the 'space open to the sky which he paved with polished stones,' or of the wide marketplace at the east end of his group of churches in honor of the place of Our Lord's Resurrection." Mr. Glaisher adds, in his covering letter: "Herr Schick has sent a plan of pavement and bazaar, which have now been completely swept away to make room for new Russian buildings. If this pavement be accepted as Constantine's-of which there is little doubt-there is an end of a very important part of the controversy which has raged for so many years over the so-called Church of the Holy Sepulchre, aud the theory of the late Mr. James Fergusson is finally disposed of. Constantine's site is thus proved to have been that on which the present church stands. This gives the Sepulchre an uninterrupted existence as a place of veneration for 1,550 years." THE GREAT LABRADOR WATERFALL. MR. RANDLE F. HOLME, in July-October of last year, succeeded in penetrating into the heart of Southern Labrador as far as Lake Waminikapou, and not far from the Grand Falls, which Mr. Holme believes will turn out to be the greatest falls in the world. Mr. Holme went from Newfoundland to Bonne Espérance on the southeast coast of Labrador, and sailing northward, touched at several points, proceeding up Hamilton Inlet and the Grand River to the point mentioned above. Mr. Holme found many difficulties in the way, and much of the country he visited was virtually unexplored. With regard to the height of the Grand Falls, Mr. Holme states that the centre of Labrador, as is generally known, is a vast tableland, the limits of which are clearly defined, though of course the country intervening between this limit and the coast always consists, more or less, of a slope. Roughly speaking, it may be said that in the south and north there is a more or less gradual slope from the height of land to the coast, while in the southeast the descent is very sudden, and almost immediately after leaving the tableland there is reached a level which is but little above that of the sea. In the northeast portion the edge of the tableland approaches nearest to the coast, while it trends considerably to the west in the rear of Hamilton Inlet. The most fertile part of the country is that which lies between the tableland and the sterile belt on the coast, though the height of land itself is by no means a desert. On the height of land there is found a succession of great lakes, joined together by broad, placid streams. When the streams of water reach the edge of the tableland, they of course commence a wild career down toward the sea. In the case of the Grand River this rapid descent commences with the Grand Falls, and almost the whole of the great drop to the sea-level is | is carried by the prevailing west winds far into the effected in the one waterfall. country, and would fall into the mother - liquor lakes, where, on exposure to the air at a warm temperature, it would gradually oxidize to nitrate, and acting on the sodium carbonate, would form sodium nitrate (Chili saltpetre). The "caliche" (crude saltpetre) is most variable in appearance and in the percentage of nitrate which it contains. WHY TWELVE HOURS? WHY are the dials divided into twelve divisions of five minutes each? Hear Mr. S. Grant Oliphant: "We have sixty divisions on the dials of our clocks and watches because the old Greek astronomer, Hipparchus, who lived in the second century before Christ, accepted the Babylonian system of reckoning time-that system being sexaThe Babylonians were acquainted with the decimal system, but for common or practical purposes they counted by sossi and sari, the sossos representing sixty and the saros sixty times six-three hundred and sixty. From Hipparchus that mode of reckoning found its way into the works of Ptolemy, about 150 a. D., and hence was carried down the stream of science and civilization, and found its way to the dial-plates of our clocks and watches." The elevation of the Labrador tableland is given by Professor Hind as 2,240 feet. From this height the Moisie and Cold Water Rivers descend to the sea by means of a considerable number of falls. But in the Grand River below Lake Waminikapou there is only one fall, viz., that which occurs twenty-five miles from the river-mouth. This fall is 70 feat. It is true that the whole of the river from Lake Waminikapou to the First Falls is rapid, but there is no place where there is any considerable drop, and indeed no place where it is necessary to take the boat out of the water. Now the lake first above the Grand Falls is on the height of land. In the channels joining the various lakes above the falls there are no rapids, and there is scarcely any stream. It therefore follows, assuming the elevation of the tableland on the east to be approximate to that on the south, that in the thirty miles beginning with the Grand Falls and end-gesimal. ing with Lake Waminikapou, there is a drop of about 2,000 feet. Some of this drop is probably effected by the rapids immediately below the falls, but the greater part is no doubt made by the fall itself. The river is said by Maclean to be 500 yards broad above the falls, contracting to 50 yards at the falls themselves. The interior of the country Mr. Holme found was richly wooded, and the climate mild, though the plague of flies and musquitoes was almost intolerable. The few Indians who inhabit Labrador belong mostly to the Cree nation, and ccording to Mr. Holme are probably perfectly unmixed with either whites or Eskimo. As an agricultural or pastoral country Mr. Holme thinks Labrador has no future, though something may be made of its iron, of the existence of which strong indications exist. Mr. Holme's observations have tended greatly to the improvement of the maps of Labrador, and the photographs he brought home give an excellent idea of the general character of the country. SALT-BEDS OF THE WEST COAST OE SOUTH AMERICA. THE salt-beds on the west coast of South America are found in the rainless district which stretches from Payta (near Amotape), in Peru, as far south as the twenty-sixth parallel. This region forms a narrow strip along the coast-line, and rarely exceeds twenty-five miles in width. It is bounded on the east by a chain of the Andes, and in the southern portion of the district the coast is fringed with low-lying hills, known as the Coast Cordilleras. A recent German author considers that, before the upheaval of the Andes, salt began to deposit in certain bays, which had been wholly or partially shut off from the sea by the gradual formation of an intercepting bar. Then, while the process of evaporation was still incomplete, the district was raised by volcanic action, and the mother liquors from the salt lakes eventually escaped, running down into the valleys, and, where they encountered no obstacle, reaching the sea. The Coast Cordilleras acted as a barrier in the southern portion of the district, while in the northern part the liquors doubtless returned to the sea. The volcanoes which produced the aforesaid npheaval exhaled immense volumes of carbonic acid gas, and the author considers that a portion of the sodium chloride in the mother liquors was thus converted into sodium carbonate. (The co-existence of borates goes far to confirm the source of carbonic acid.) The coast in this part of Chili is studded with small islands containing deposits of guano rich in ammonia. The guano dust ABOUT ARTISTS' COLORS. A WELL-KNOWN artist gave some curious information the other day regarding the resources from which the colors one finds in a paint-box are derived. Every quarter of the globe is ransacked for the material-animal, vegetable and mineral-employed in their manufacture. From the cochineal insect are obtained the gorgeous carmine, as well as the crimson, scarlet and purple lakes. Sepia is the inky fluid discharged by the cuttle-fish, to render the water opaque for its own concealment when attacked by enemies; Indian-yellow is from the urine of the camel; and ivory-black and bone-black are made out of ivory chips. The exquisite Prussian-blue is got by fusing horses hoofs and other refuse animal matter with impure potassium carbonate. It was discovered by accident. In tho vegetable kingdom are included the lakes, derived from roots, barks and gums. Blue-black is from the charcoal of the vine - stock. Lamp-black is soot from certain resinous substances. From the madder-plant, which grows in Hindoostan, is manufactured Turkey - red. Gamboge comes from the yellow sap of a tree, which the natives of Siam catch in cocoanut-shells. Wher burned it is burnt sienna. Raw - umber is an earth from Umbria, and is also burned. To these vegetable pigments may probably be added India - ink, which is said to be made from burnt camphor. The Chinese, who alone can produce it, will not reveal the secret of its composition. Mastic-the base of the varnish so called-is from the gum of the mastic-tree, indigenous to the Grecian Archipelago. Bistre is the soot of wood-ashes. Of real ultramarine but little is found in the market. It is obtained from the precious lapis lazuli, and commands a fabulous price. Chinese-white is zinc. Scarlet is iodide of mercury, and cinnabar, or native vermilion, is from quicksilver ore. Luckily for the health of small children, as our friend the artist remarked, the water-colors in the cheap boxes usually bought for them have little or no relation chemically to the real pigments they are intended to counterfeit. |