knew his diforder was fatal." A chair was called for, to carry him to his houfe in the city, where he was put to bed, and proper medicines adminiftered to him. He, however, ftill perfifted in its being all in vain," and his prophecy was too fatally fulfilled, as he died next morning in a fit of strong apoplexy.

Such was the fhort life of Dr. Barrowby a man who, by every account of his wit, his ftrong intuitive and medical knowledge, might have been a fecond Radcliffe, both in fame and fortune, had he confidered properly the duties he owed himself and his profeffion. But the gratification of the moment was his ftrongest impulfe, and to this every other confideration gave place.

He was accufed by fome of irreligious principles; but those who knew him beft, reported of him, that although he might be negligent in ceremonials, and at times loofe in his manner of talking on religious subjects, he was by no means an unbeliever, and in his dealings moft certainly a moral man: his imprudence, however, in talking freely, and often at improper times and places, made this report fcarcely fcandal; his wit and humour were always uppermoft, and to indulge this character, he often not only made enemies, but left the other parts of his character open to fufpicion.

One day, as he was eating pork chops for his dinner at a public house in the neighbourhood of Covent Garden, a Jew of his acquaintance asked him, how he could eat pork with fuch a goût?"Becaufe I like it," faid Barrowby; "and all I'm forry for is, that I was not born a Jew, for then I fhould have the pleasure of eating pork chops and finning at the fame time."

He evidently could have no other meaning in this loofe remark but a jeu defprit; and yet the mind that fuffers itself to think in this manner, though jocularly, by degrees indifpofes it for more ferious meditations, and does a mifchief in the example of more extent than 'tis aware of.

But to return to Macklin, whom we left on the pavè, after his difmiffal from Drury Lane Theatre. His fituation here (as far as could be judged by a coramon obferver) was truly pitiable, but perhaps not fo much felt by himfelf a man of Macklin's pride muft have fed not a little on his anger for

fome time; and as he was conscious of his own refources, he confoled himself with making Garrick not only the butt of his refentment in paragraphs and pamphlets, but by every little anecdote in private life, which he thought could depreciate his character.

Garrick's avarice (which, by the bye, was not strictly founded) was all through life a conftant theme of Macklin's declamation; and it does not a little redound to the former's general reputation, that his most inveterate enemy could bring no other charge againit him than this, which, as far as ever we could learn, was no more from the beginning than a laudable refolution of being independent. The needy, the difappointed, and the envious, however, joined in the cry; and when ever Macklin talked of Garrick's avarice, he was generally believed: indeed the very inftances themselves, which he brought in proof of this charge, are of 16 trifling and laughable a nature, that although they might indirectly point out an economical cha racter, they are far from establishing that of the profeffed mifer.

To illuftrate this, we fhall produce fome of thefe inftances :-Garrick and Macklin frequently rode out together of a morning, and often baited at fome of the public houfes on the Richmond road. Upon these occafions, whenever they came to a turnpike, or to fettle the account of the luncheon, Garrick either had changed his breeches that morning, and was without money, or elfe ufed to produce a 36s. piece, which made it difficult to change. Upon thefe occafions Macklin, to ufe his own phrafe, "ftood Captain Flafl:man," that is, paid the charge. This went on for fome time, when Macklin, finding that Garrick never took his turn of paying the expences, or repaying thofe he had advanced for him, chal, lenged him one morning for a debt he owed him, and then pulled out a long flip of paper, in which the feveral dif burfements were entered according to date, place, and company," and which, Sir," faid the Veteran, "amounted to between thirty and forty fhillings. The little fellow at first feemed furprifed, and then would have turned it into a joke; but I was ferious, Sir, and he paid me the money, and after that we jogged on upon our own feparate accounts."

Another time Garrick gave a dinner

at

at his lodgings to Harry Fielding, Macklin, Havard, Mrs. Cibber, &c,&c, and vails to fervants being then much the fashion, Macklin and most of the company gave Garrick's man (David, a Welthman), fome a fhilling, fome half a crown, a piece; whilft Fielding very formally, fpt a piece of paper in his hand, with fomething folded in the infide, When the company were all gone, David feeming to be in high glee, Garrick afked him how much he got. "I can't tell you yet, Sir," faid Davy: "here is half a crown from Mrs. Cibber, Got blefs hur-here's a hilling from Mr. Macklin-here is two from Mir, Havard, &c.-and here is fomething more from the Poet, Got bless his merry heart." By this time David had unfolded the paper, when, to his great aftonishment, he faw it contain no more than one penny! Garrick felt nettled at this, and next day fpoke to Fielding about the impropriety of jfting with a fervant. "Jefting! faid Fielding, with a feeming furprife-"fo far from it, that I meant to do the fellow a real piece of fervice; for had I given him a fhilling or half a crown, I knew you would have taken it from him; but by giving him only a penny, he had a chance of calling it his own."

In telling thefe anecdotes Macklin used to add, “Sir, he was not only avaricious himfelf, but he taught his man David all the tricks of his profeffion; and the fellow, Sir, was an apt fcholar, knowing how far it would recommend him to his mafter's notice. One day, Sir, when thofe raicals the Bailiffs were in poffeffion of poor Fleet. wood's Theatre (as was often the cafe), and were ruminaging for property about the Green Room, they feized upon a hat of Garrick's, which he ufually wore in Richard III. and which being adorned with mock jewels and feathers, they thought a great prize, though not intrinfically worth five fhillings-David, however, feeling for his malter's property, fputtered out, 'Holloa! Gentlemen, take care of what you are about; now look ye, that hat you have taken away belongs to the King (meaning King Richard), and when he miffes it, there will be the Devil and all to pay. The Bailiffs understanding this in the literal fenfe, and that the hat actually belonged to King George, immediately delivered up their prey, and made a thoufand apologies for their mistake.'

(To be continued occafionally.)

Bishop's Court, Mar. 6, 1762. THIS HIS brings my good friend at L my more particular acknowledg. ment of his kind favour, received Dec. 18th, than what could be contained in a card, which I prefume he has already accepted in part of payment.

The distinction, dear Sir, which you make between your and my reasons for delay in writing, viz. your lefs readinefs in difpatch of bufinefs than mine, I cannot admit as fufficient plea for your tardy correfpondence. Excepting that bufinefs you ufually perform after breakfaft, efpecially when horfes are waiting to carry us forward in our journey; that bufinefs excepted, and erhaps a little exactnefs in the apparatus of drafting, I know no man quicker in difpatch than my quondam fellow traveller, now Mr. Juftice H———. When I received your last but one,

after an unusual length of time expected, I fupplied the epiftolary apo. logy with a "better late than never : to which I add one more, that may ferve us both, "Veniam petimusque damufque." And fo much for prefatory excufes.

By the difcipline of the Church of Man, you fo much admire, I would not have you imagine we Manks Iflanders are all Saints; perhaps, by the frequency of our cenfures, you might conclude the reverse, viz. that we are great Sinners. The number of penances inflicted, fome are apt to think, renders 'em too common to be regarded; for we have fundry degrees, thort of excommunication, according to the nature of the crime. And as the land is like but one parish; and the officers, to whom the articles of their Charge are read by their Minister once per

month

month, are obliged to form prefentment; tranfgreflors in the minutest point can hardly efcape cognifance even that of ill language of one neighbour to another. If fome people look upon the business of an English Magiftrate to be a heavy burthen, what would they think of a Manks Judge or Juftice, called Deemfter, from deeming the law, of which here are only two for the whole Ifle, befides the Governor, who acts chiefly in Chancery. Thefe Deemsters, you may readily fuppofe, have plenty of caufes, where law is fo cheap as to have a warrant for nothing, and a distress for about 3d. or 4d. For it is no uncommon, and confequently no fhameful thing, either to the profecutor or defendant, to charge a debtor from one end of the Ifle to t'other for a 12-penny matter; infomuch, that with fome 'tis the ufual manner of payment; and a man may readily buy half a dozen oxen or other cattle at a fair with only fixpence in his pocket for earnest; and then, on failure of payment at the time agreed for, a charge to the Deemfter does the bufinefs. Trefpaffes are alio another occation of frequent fuits, which muft often happen in a country where all the fences are of fod or dirt (for we have nothing common but the mountains); and the sheep are all as nimble as cats, and as wild as hares: even their legs being tied, as they often are,

fcarce confines them.

We have two Alize days for trial of criminals; and that, more antiquo, at the gate of the Caftle, fub dio: and none have fuffered, that I have heard of, even fo much as a whipping, for the whole time, now near 7 years, I I have been here. This is one of my wife's alleviating comforts in her ftate of exile, the no fear of robbers or boufebreakers: not fo much perhaps owing to principle, as the little or no chance of escaping in this confined fpot of land. That it is not from dint of bonefly, we may conclude from what I obferved above of the custom of paying debts only by compulfion; and which, as I faid before, is no fort of difgrace. The manner of this procefs is, by going to the Magiftrate, the Judge, or Deemfter (for they are here equivalent terms), and afking for a token, i. e. a warrant, which he gives by fcratching the initial letters of his name on a piece of ftone or flate, the first that

VOL. XXXVIII. JULY 1800.

comes to hand in the road or field and by virtue of this he charges the parties he choofes to conteft with, the fubject of which is not known till they appear and on neglect to obey, a foldier is ordered to bring 'em per force; and after all, as I faid, the caufe is for is. the debt owned and paid in Court, or a diftrefs for the defendant's pawn granted, for which, I think, the Juftice receives 4d. This practice of fione-tokens or warrants, to be fure, is as ancient as before the invention of writing on paper. And they are fo tenacious of antediluvian customs, thât they'll part with 'em at no rate.

Your Hertfordshire election feems

to have been attended with fundry peculiar circumstances; among others, that of the opponent candidates agreeing to be at equal thare of expence.

With regard to your application for my curacy at Holwell in behalf of Mr. Morgan, I have only to reply at prefent, by citing a passage from a letter I received from Mr. Jones :-"I have lately been informed, your Lordship defigns to refign Holwell, which I hope I would beg of your is not true. Lordship to continue my Rector: I have greater fatisfaction in being your Curate, than in the poffeffion of Kingswalden."

Now, in cafe he has fince altered his mind, from a prospect of another curacy nearer him, I cannot but think he will be fo civil as to fignify his quitting Holwell, as he did his defire of retaining it, from under his hand : which not having yet done, occafions my fufpending a more pofitive answer to your propofal.

As to the numerous tranflations that have happened of late among my fuperior Brethren in England, they concern not a Manks Bishop, who has no connection with them, further than the honour of being one of the four Suffragans of the province of York: and on that account I am much pleased with the nomination of our new Metropolitan, to whom I paid my compliment of congratulation, and received a moft gracious anfwer. I take him to be an excellent prelate as well as preacher: in whom I hope I shall find an ample fupply of my great iofs of Archbishop Hutton; who was always very obliging and friendly, to me, whenever I had occafion to confult

E

him;

him; and that even after his Grace was removed to Lambeth.

The state of public affairs, and public Refignations, are beyond a Manks man's ken or judgment. I only think the having two or more powerful ene,mies.to contend with don't please me fo well as it may fome people; but how to help it, I know lefs.

The fubject of farming I have now not time to refume: and must therefore leave it to be difcuffed when we meet, as I am willing to hope we may, this fummer; though I am not without my fears we fhall not, unless you chance to be in London in the month of May, as fometimes you are.

Trifling as this circumftance may be thought by the volatile and gay, it will naturally lead the ferious and fober mind into fome reflections of common cruelty to the creatures of the earth. This has been a fubject thought -worthy the attention of the nobleft writers, who have exerted their united endeavours to regulate our pleatures, and to humanize the heart: but in defiance of the maxims of the wife, and in oppofition to the pleadings of confcience, they still perfift in a cruel cultom of torturing the defenceless, and harming the gentle.

There is nothing argues fo much daftardy of fpirit, as taking a diabolic fatisfaction in the oppreflion of weaknefs: in directing our barbarity against thofe beings who have not the power to redrefs themfelyes, and who, in dumb refignation, are compelled to bear all the malice and cruelty of Man. We are all willing to pronounce aloud the bafenefs of the wretch who could bruise the old for the mere exercife of his ftrength, and we all kindle into rage, and glow with refentment, at the

air, has a circle of connections, to whom its welfare is naturally dear; and a fet of relations, with whom it is engaged in the confidence of a reciprocated friendship.

That the brutes and birds are commonly focial, may be fen every hour by him who will caft an eye into the meadows, where thoufands in a tribe will affemble together for amufement, or for neceflity, for pleature or for food, and the gunner, who wounds a fparrow, may perhaps occafion as much diforder and confufion in the community of birds, as the fudden death of fome illurious Potentate in Britain.

In a world where intances of viciffitude, uncertainty, and mifery, mark every day in characters of anguith, and with memorials of deftruction, every man has feen the parent, the hutband, or the friend, bewailing thofe whom fome difafter or another has hurried to the tomb; every foul is furcharged with forrow, and every heart enrobed in a general mourning: thefe we allow to the tribute of our fenfibility to the memory of thofe whom we thall fee no more. And why then may not

the

the linnet's, death, throw a general fadness over the grove, and ftrike every feather'd bofom with distress?

can only beg by figns; and in the. months of fummer, his garden is at once a nursery and an afylum from fuch as would incommode their labours or their loves.

We fhall, however, ceafe to wonder at the blows and bruises, the threats and injuries, which are exaggerated (without provocation) on the brutes, when we reflect on the collected and unnatural malevolence of mankind towards each other: it is not furprising that he who has the heart to deftroy the calms of private felicity, to harafs a relation, or to betray a friend (to whom he is bound by every cement of confidence and bonour), fhould, either in the vacancy of idleness, or the pride of his power, torture fuch as can neither conquer or refift him. I have had frequent occafion to pronounce man the moft, cruel of all creatures, and have obferved that though his motives of malignity are weaker, yet his pro penfity to barbarity is ftronger than any other. The brutes, incited by a powerful and prevalent instinct, cherishi from the deep felt fenfations of nature; they are honeftly affiduous, and tenderly vigilant, in the arts of protecting and fupporting their respective rela. tions. Man, on the contrary, often acts from the impulfe of ambitious paffions and ungenerous principles, from the ftimulations of interest, or the whispers of concealed emolument he often infinuates himfelf into notice by a meannefs which is a blush to his manhood; and fometimes is inhumani to a child, because a mistress has off fended him. The cruelty of man to man is even greater than the cruelty of man to brute; and he who, in the arrogance of his fuperiority, calls himfelf the Lord of Earth, (except the irradiations of divinity emitted from his eye and traceable in his form) has, of all other creatures, the fmalleft, marks of the Deity to distinguifh him.

Be this, however, as it may: we are morally certain that every creature can feel the thrill of pleafure, and the pangs of pain; and we ought therefore, upon principles not only of fpeculative philofophy, but of common humanity. to avoid the infliction of every unne. ceffary difafter. There is fomething ungentle, and even ungrateful, in harafling or deftroying thofe creatures who look up to us in the hour of fe. verity for protection; and who, in the day of pleasure, exprefs (in the filent eloquence of Nature) their fenfe of the favours they receive. And if we confider the utility, or the entertainment, they afford us in refpect to the bufinefs or convenience, the pleafure, or the eafe of life, we thall furely cease to abufe thofe beings who toil or fing to promote our enjoyments. The most bloody characters are the Butcher, the Surgeon, and the Sportfman. The Butcher indeed is the lefs blameable, as he kills from the neceffity of nature, and to preserve the life of his fellow. creatures, and therefore is not properly an object either of ridicule or cenfure: but the Surgeon is often one who derives his fkill in diffection or amputation by fanguinary experiments on the bodies of living animals; and who can beft judge of the nature of difeafe and pain in man, by feeing how the brutes expire by poífon, or how the agony of a wound operates within them. Nor are Philofophers lefs culpable in this point, who torture, fometimes with the utmoft barbarity, to no end or purpofe, but are inquifitively cruel, and curioufly inhuman. The Sportfman is ftill more pitilefs than either, fince he has no other plea for dealing deftruction through the field and foreft, but that he delights in the havock which he makes. He is a being who rifes with the dawn, to profecute the diverfion of death; and, with un natural fatisfaction, robs the vales of their mufic, and the groves of their

ornaments.

With what an oppofite pleafure is the tender heart affected, and how differently does the amiable man treat the creatures around; in his walk of contemplation, he exprelles fatisfaction at the mingled fong of innocence and nature; in the feafon of froft he difpenfes his bounty towards thofe who

Yet furely, if it is the greatest moral virtue to diffufe happiness, it is the greateft vice to multiply mifery; and it is certainly the character of none but the Father of Iniquity, or thotë who obey him, to rejoice at the distress which their inhumanity occafions. It is impoffible to tell how nearly our natures are allied to thofe of the animal world, or how we may be connected with them in the univerfal and dependi ept chain of existence: but of this plain and falutary truth no man is E 2 ignorant