1071. Same-Organization of regiment.-Each regiment of cavalry shall consist of one colonel, one lieutenant-colonel, three majors, fifteen captains, fifteen first lieutenants, and fifteen second lieutenants; two veterinarians, one sergeant-major, one quartermaster-sergeant, one commissary-sergeant, three squadron sergeants-major, two colorsergeants with rank, pay, and allowances of squadron sergeantmajor, one band, and twelve troops organized into three squadrons of four troops each.1 Sec. 2, Act of Feb. 2, 1911 (31 Stat. 748).

'This enactment replaces section 1102, Revised Statutes, and section 2. act of March 2, 1899, in pari materia. Section 28 of the act of February 2, 1901 (31 Stat. 755), contained the requirement that "vacancies in the grade of field

1072. Same-Colored regiments.-The enlisted men of two regiments of cavalry shall be colored men. Sec. 1104, R. S.

1073. Same-May be dismounted.-Any portion of the cavalry force may be armed and drilled as infantry, or dismounted cavalry, at the discretion of the President. Sec. 1105, R. S.

1074. Same-Organization of troops.-Each troop of cavalry shall consist of one captain, one first lieutenant, one second lieutenant, one first sergeant, one quartermaster sergeant, six sergeants, six corporals, two cooks, two farriers and blacksmiths, one saddler, one wagoner, two trumpeters, and forty-three privates, the commissioned officers to be assigned from those hereinbefore authorized:1 Provided, That one of the two "blacksmiths and farriers" now authorized by law for each troop of cavalry shall hereafter be designated "farrier." and the other "horseshoer," and that the additional pay of nine dollars per month provided for "one blacksmith and farrier in each troop of cavalry for performing the duty of horseshoer" in the Act of Congress approved May eleventh, nineteen hundred and eight, shall be paid to the soldier designated as "horseshoer." Sec. 2, Act of Feb. 2, 1901 (31 Stat. 748), as amended by Act of Mar. 3, 1909 (35 Stat., 735).

officers and captain created by this act in the cavalry, artillery, and infantry shall be filled by promotion, according to seniority in each branch, respectively. For the method of filling vacancies created by the act of February 2, 1901, in the grades of first and second lieutenants, see paragraph 1102, post.

Of the several cavalry regiments now composing the peace establishment, the first, a regiment of dragoons, was authorized by the act of March 2, 1833 (4 Stat. 652). A second regiment of dragoons was authorized by the act of May 23, 1836 (5 Stat. 32). The second regiment of dragoons was converted into a regiment of riflemen by the act of August 23, 1842 (5 Stat. 512), but was reconverted into a regiment of dragoons by the act of April 4, 1844 (5 Stat. 654). A regiment of mounted riflemen was added to the establishment by the act of May 19, 1846 (9 Stat. 13). Two regiments of cavalry (known as the First and Second) were authorized by the act of March 3, 1855 (10 Stat. 635). A third regiment of cavalry was organized by order of the President on May 4, 1861, confirmed by the act of July 29, 1861 (12 Stat. 279). In accordance with the authority conferred by the act of August 3, 1861, the six mounted regiments of the Army were consolidated into one corps and designated as follows: The First Regiment of Dragoons, as the First Cavalry. The Second Regiment of Dragoons, as the Second Cavalry. The Regiment of Mounted Riflemen, as the Third Cavalry. The First Regiment of Cavalry, as the Fourth Cavalry. The Second Regiment of Cavalry, as the Fifth Cavalry. The Third Regiment of Cavalry, as the Sixth Cavalry.

Four regiments of cavalry, the Seventh, Eighth, Ninth, and Tenth, the Ninth and Tenth composed of colored men, were added to the establishment under the authority conferred by the act of July 28, 1866 (14 Stat. 332); the Eleventh, Twelfth, Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth were added by section 2, act of February 2, 1901 (31 Id., 748).

1 This enactment replaces section 1103, Revised Statutes, and section 2, act of March 2, 1899 (30 ibid., 977).

Since 1883 companies of cavalry have been designated as troops. (Circulars 8 and 9, A. G. O., of 1883.) By General Orders, Nos. 79 and 120, of 1890, the enlisted men of Troops L and M of each regiment of cavalry were distributed among the other troops. By General Orders, No. 27, of 1898, issued at the outbreak of the war with Spain, the skeletonized troops were reestablished and restored to the status occupied by them prior to the skeletonization in 1890.

1075. Same—Increase of corporals and privates.-The President, in his discretion, may increase the number of corporals in any troop of cavalry to eight, and the number of privates to seventy-six, but the number of enlisted men authorized for the whole Army shall not at any time be exceeded. Sec. 2, Act of Feb. 2, 1901 (31 Stat. 748).

1076. Same-Bands, organization.-Each cavalry band shall consist of one chief musician; one chief trumpeter; one principal musician; one drum major, who shall have the rank, pay, and allowances of a first sergeant; four sergeants; eight corporals; one cook, and eleven privates. Sec. 2, Act of Mar. 2, 1899 (30 Stat. 977).

1077. Same-Details, regimental staff, etc.—Of the officers herein provided, the captains and lieutenants not required for duty with the troops shall be available for detail as regimental and squadron staff officers and such other details as may be authorized by law or regulations. Sec. 2, Act of Feb. 2, 1901 (31 Stat. 748).

'Section 2 of the act of February 2, 1901 (31 Stat. 748), provides that each cavalry band shall be organized as now provided by law.

As to monthly pay of bands, and restrictions upon their furnishing music outside the limits of military posts in competition with local civilian musicians see paragraph 701, ante.

2

The act of August 24, 1912 (37 Stat. 571), provides that hereafter in time of peace whenever any officer holding a permanent commission in the line of the Army with rank below that of major shall not have been actually present for duty for at least two of the last preceding six years with a troop, battery, or company of that branch of the Army in which he shall hold said commission, such officer shall not be detached nor permitted to remain detached from such troop, battery, or company for duty of any kind; and all pay and allowances shall be forfeited by any superior for any period during which, by his order, or his permission, or by reason of his failure or neglect to issue or cause to be issued the proper order or instructions at the proper time, any officer shall be detached or permitted to remain detached in violation of any of the terms of this proviso, etc. By joint resolution of August 24, 1912 (37 Stat. 645), the operation of this proviso was postponed until on and after December 15, 1912. For composition, duties, etc., of the regimental, battalion, and squadron staff see paragraphs 248-255, Army Regulations, 1913.

That hereafter, in determining the eligibility, under the provisions of the act of Congress approved August 24, 1912, of troop, battery, or company officers for detail as officers of the various staff corps and departments of the Army, except the General Staff Corps, service actually performed by any such officer with troops prior to December 15, 1912, as a regimental, battalion, or squadron staff officer, shall be deemed to have been duty with a battery, company, or troop: Provided further, That regimental, battalion, and squadron quartermasters and commissaries shall hereafter be required to perform the duties of officers of the Quartermaster Corps, including the receipting for any money or property pertaining to said corps when no officer of the Quartermaster Corps is present for such duties, and nothing contained in the Army appropriation act approved August 24, 1912, shall hereafter be held or construed so as to prevent competent authority from requiring any officers of the Army to act temporarily as quartermasters wherever there shall be no officers of the Quartermaster Corps and no regimental, battalion, or squadron quartermasters or commissaries present for such duty. (Act of Mar. 2, 1913 (37 Stat. 706).)

That after September 1, 1914, in time of peace, whenever any officer holding a permanent commission in the line of the Army, with rank of colonel, lieutenant colonel, or major, shall not have been actually present for duty for at least two years of the last preceding six years with a command composed of not less than two troops, batteries, or companies of that branch of the Army in which he shall hold said commission, such officer shall not be detached nor permitted to remain detached from such command for duty of any kind except as here

1078. Same-Veterinarians, pay and allowances.-The grade of veterinarian of the second class in cavalry regiments, United States Army, is hereby abolished, and hereafter the two veterinarians authorized for each cavalry regiment and the veterinarians authorized for the Artillery Corps shall receive the pay and allowances of second lieutenants, mounted. Sec. 20, Act of Feb. 2, 1901 (31 Stat. 753); Act of Mar. 2, 1901 (id., 901).

1079. Same-Retirement of.-Hereafter so much of section twenty, of the Act approved February second, nineteen hundred and one, as provides that veterinarians shall receive the pay and allowances of second lieutenants, mounted, shall be interpreted to authorize their retirement under the laws governing the retirement of second lieutenants. Act of Mar. 3, 1911 (36 Stat. 1042).

1080. Same-Remount detachments.-That hereafter from the enlisted force of the Army now provided by law the President may authorize the organization of remount detachments at each of the remount depots, and may authorize the appointment therein of such noncommissioned officers, mechanics, artificers, farriers, horseshoers, and cooks as may be necessary for the administration of such reinafter specifically provided; and all pay and allowances shall be forfeited by any superior for any period during which, by his order or his permission, or by reason of his failure or neglect to issue or cause to be issued the proper order or instructions at the proper time, any officer shall be detached or permitted to remain detached in violation of any of the terms of this act; but nothing in this act shall be held to apply in the case of any officer for such period as shall be actually necessary for him, after having been relieved from detached service, to join the organization or command to which he shall belong in that branch in which he shall hold a permanent commission; nor shall anything in this act be held to apply to the detachment or detail of officers for duty in connection with the construction of the Panama Canal until after such canal shall have been formally opened, or in connection with the Alaska Road Commission or the Alaska Railroad or the Bureau of Insular Affairs; and nothing in this act shall prevent the redetail of officers above the grade of major to fill vacancies in the various staff corps and departments as provided for by section 26 of the act of Congress approved February 2, 1901: Provided further, That whenever the service record of any field officer is to be ascertained for the purposes of this act, all duty actually performed by him, during the last preceding six years, in a grade below that of major, in connection with any statutory organization of that branch of the Army in which he shall hold a permanent commission, or as a staff officer of any coast-defense or coastartillery district, shall be credited to him as actual presence for duty with a command composed as hereinbefore prescribed: And provided further, That temporary duty of any kind hereafter performed with United States troops in the field for a period or periods the aggregate of which shall not exceed 60 days in any one calendar year, and duty hereafter performed in command of United States Army mine planter by an officer assigned to a company from which this detachment is drawn, and duty hereafter performed in command of a machine-gun platoon or a machine-gun unit, by any officer who, before assignment to such duty, shall have been regularly assigned to, and shall have entered upon duty with, an organization or a command the detachment of certain officers from which is prohibited by the act of Congress approved August 24, 1912, or by this act, shall, for the purposes of said acts, hereafter be counted as actual presence for duty with such organization or command. (Act of Apr. 27, 1914, Pub. No. 91, 38 Stat. -.)

This enactment replaces section 1102, Revised Statutes, and section 2, act of March 2, 1899. (30 Stat. 977,)

mount depot: Provided, That nothing herein shall be so construed as to authorize an increase in the total number of enlisted men of the Army now authorized by law. Act of Mar. 3, 1911 (36 Stat. 1049).

THE ARTILLERY CORPS.1

1081. Same-Organization.-The regimental organization of the artillery arm of the United States Army is hereby discontinued, and that arm is constituted and designated as the artillery corps. It shall be organized as hereinafter specified and shall belong to the line of the Army. Sec. 3, act of Feb. 2, 1901 (31 Stat. 748).

1082. Same-Shall comprise two branches.-The artillery corps shall comprise two branches-the coast artillery and the field artillery. The coast artillery is defined as that portion charged with the care and use of the fixed and movable elements of land and coast fortifications, including the submarine and torpedo defenses; and the field artillery as that portion accompanying an army in the field, and including field and light artillery proper, horse artillery, siege artillery, mountain artillery, and also machine-gun batteries: Provided, That this shall not be construed to limit the authority of the Secretary of War to order coast artillery to any duty which the public service demands, or to prevent the use of machine or other field guns by any other arm of the service under the direction of the Secretary of War. Sec. 4, Act of Feb. 2, 1901 (31 Stat. 749).

1083. Same. The artillery of the United States Army shall consist of the Chief of Artillery, the coast artillery, and the field artillery. The coast artillery and the field artillery shall be organized as hereinafter specified, and the artillery shall belong to the line of the Army: Provided, That on and after July first, nineteen hundred and eight, the Chief of Artillery shall cease to exercise supervision

1

At the general reduction of the Army, effected in pursuance of the act of March 2, 1821 (3 Stat. 615), the artillery was consolidated into four regiments of nine companies each, one of which, in each regiment, was to be designated and equipped as light artillery. The Ordnance Department was merged in the artillery, a supernumerary captain, for ordnance duty, was added to each regiment, and the President was authorized "to select from the regiments of artillery such officers as may be necessary to perform ordnance duties who, while so detached, shall be subject only to the orders of the War Department." The Ordnance Department was separated from the artillery by the act of May 25, 1832 (4 Stat. 605). One company was added to each regiment by the act of July 5. 1838 (5 Stat. 256), and two companies by section 18 of the act of March 3, 1847 (9 Stat. 184), making twelve companies in all. The act of March 3, 1847, authorized the President to designate an additional company in each regiment to be armed and equipped as light artillery. The fifth regiment was added, as a regiment of light artillery, by order of the President, on May 5, 1861, the organization being confirmed by the act of July 29, 1861 (12 Stat. 279). The sixth and seventh regiments were added, and the organization of the first five regiments modified. by the act of March 8, 1898 (30 Stat. 261). This section replaces sections 1099-1101, Revised Statutes, the act of March 8, 1898 (30 id., 261), and section 3. act of March 2, 1899 (id., 977).

'See section 1, act of January 25, 1907 (34 Stat. 861), paragraph 1083, post,