unlimited or exclusive control, or power to legislate upon that subject, nor as taking away the power of the legislature to prescribe the rules by which the qualifications of teachers shall be determined, and to determine what shall entitle them to a certificate. (Mitchell v. Winnek, 117 Cal. 520, 49 Pac. 579.) Sec. 8. No public money shall ever be appropriated for the support of any sectarian or denominational school, or any school not under the exclusive control of the officers of the public schools; nor shall any sectarian or denominational doctrine be taught, or instruction thereon be permitted, directly or indirectly, in any of the common schools of this state. SECTARIAN SCHOOLS.-An act providing for the commitment of minor criminals to nonsectarian charitable corporations, the expense of maintenance to be paid by the county, is not in violation of this section, since it only applies to schools such as are provided for by the constitution. (Boys' and Girls' Aid Soc. v. Reis, 71 Cal. 627, 12 Pac. 796.) Sec. 9. The University of California shall constitute a public trust, and its organization and government shall be perpetually continued in the form and character prescribed by the organic act creating the same, passed March twenty-third, eighteen hundred and sixty-eight (and the several acts amendatory thereof), subject only to such legislative control as may be necessary to insure compliance with the terms of its endowments, and the proper investment and security of its funds. It shall be entirely independent of all political or sectarian influence, and kept free therefrom in the appointment of its regents, and in the administration of its affairs; provided, that all the moneys derived from the sale of the public lands donated to this state by act of Congress, approved July second, eighteen hundred and sixtytwo (and the several acts amendatory thereof), shall be invested as provided by said acts of Congress, and the interest of said moneys shall be inviolably appropriated to the endowment, support, and maintenance of at least one college of agriculture, where the leading objects shall be (without excluding other scientific and classical studies, and including military tactics) to teach such branches of learning as are related to scientific and practical agriculture and the mechanic arts, in accordance with the requirements and conditions of said acts of Congress; and the legislature shall provide that if, through neglect, misappropriation, or any other contingency, any portion of the funds so set apart shall be diminished or lost, the state shall replace such portion so lost or misappropriated, so that the principal thereof shall remain forever undiminished. No person shall be debarred admission to any of the collegiate departments of the university on account of sex. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA.-The University of California is a public corporation. (Estate of Royer, 123 Cal. 614, 56 Pac. 461.) The regents of the university are not public officers. (Lundy v. Delmas, 104 Cal. 655, 38 Pac. 445.) After the affiliation of the Hastings College of the Law with the University of California, the legislature had no power to change the form of the government of the college. (People v. Kewen, 69 Cal. 215, 10 Pac. 393.) Sec. 10. The trusts and estates created for the founding, endowment, and maintenance of the Leland Stanford Junior University, under and in accordance with "An act to advance learning, etc.," approved March ninth, eighteen hundred and eighty-five, by the endowment grant executed by Leland Stanford and Jane Lathrop Stanford on the eleventh day of November, A. D. eighteen hundred and eighty-five, and recorded in liber eighty-three of deeds, at page twenty-three et seq., records of Santa Clara county, and by the amendments of such grant, and by gifts, grants, bequests, and devises supplementary thereto, and by confirmatory grants, are permitted, approved, and confirmed. The board of trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University, as such, or in the name of the institution, or by other intelligible designation of the trustees or of the institution may receive property, real or personal, and wherever situated, by gift, grant, devise, or bequest, for the benefit of the institution, or of any department thereof, and such property, unless otherwise provided, shall be held by the trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University upon the trusts provided for in the grant founding the university, and amendments thereof, and grants, bequests, and devises supplementary thereto. The legislature, by special act, may grant to the trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University corporate powers and privileges, but it shall not thereby alter their tenure, or limit their powers or obligations as trustees. All property now or hereafter held in trust for the founding, maintenance, or benefit of the Leland Stanford Junior University, or of any department thereof, may be exempted by special act from state taxation, and all personal property so held, the Palo Alto farm as described in the endowment grant to the trustees of the university, and all other real property so held and used by the university for educational purposes exclusively, may be similarly exempted from county and municipal taxation; provided, that residents of California shall be charged no fees for tuition unless such fees be authorized by act of the legislature. [Amendment adopted November 6, 1900.] Sec. 11. All property now or hereafter belonging to "The California School of Mechanical Arts," an institution founded and endowed by the late James Lick to educate males and females in the practical arts of life, and incorporated under the laws of the state of California, November twenty-third, eighteen hundred and eighty-five, having its school buildings located in the city and county of San Francisco, shall be exempt from taxation. The trustees of said institution must annually report their proceedings and financial accounts to the governor. The legislature may modify, suspend, and revive at will the exemption from taxation herein given. [Amendment adopted November 6, 1900.] Sec. 12. [Art. IX] All proj belonging to the "California A an institution for the advancem and county et s cisco, shall be exemos from taxation. The ** The leg will the |