CHAPTER LXXXIV.

THE WORK OF RESTORATION.

Votes on the Fourteenth Constitutional Amendment. - The New States and Reconstructed States likely to vote for it. - Action of the Commanders of the Military Districts. The Fifth District. Measures adopted by General Sheridan. His Reasons for them. Further Action of General Sheridan. Governor Wells removed, and Governor Flanders appointed. Incidents in Charleston: The Railroad Cars; The Flag at the Charleston Fire Parade. General Sickles' Order No. 10: Its Provisions. - Attorney-General Stanbery's Objections to it. Other Orders of General Sickles. He asks to be relieved of his Command. Troubles in General Pope's District. - Insubordination of Governor Jenkins: General Pope asks that he be removed; General Grant's Indorsement. - Riot in Mobile. - In Richmond. Registration, and Powers of Military Commanders. The Interference of the Attorney-General. - His Written Opinions. - General Grant decides that they are not Mandatory. General Sheridan's Opinion of them. Removal of Throckmorton. Sheridan's Complaint of Rousseau. - The Removal of Secretary Stanton determined upon, and of General Sheridan also. - The President's Letter to Stanton. - Stanton's Reply. - General Grant's Private Letter to the President. Stanton suspended, and Grant appointed Secretary of War ad interim. — The Order for Sheridan's Removal. - General Grant's Protest. The President's Reply. Thomas appointed to the Fifth District, but declines on account of his Health. Hancock appointed. - General Griffin's Death. General Sickles' ReGenerals Canby and Mower's Orders. The President's two Proclamations. Who are to be amnestied. The President's Pardons. General Hancock's Special Order. - The President's delight with it. He proposes that Congress shall make a Public Recognition of the General's Patriotism. - Congress "don't see it." - Measures of General Hancock. General Grant revokes his Orders. Hancock asks to be relieved, and is appointed by the President to the Command of the New Department of Washington. - The New Constitutions. Alabama: The Measures of the Rebels to prevent the adoption of the Constitution. -The Constitutions of the other States adopted. - Vote on Convention and Constitution.

moval.

BEFORE proceeding to give an account of the progress of reconstruction under the Congressional acts, in the Desolated States, we subjoin the following table of the votes of the Legislatures of the several States on the 14th Amendment to the Constitution, which was submitted to them for ratification on the 13th June, 1866:

THE DESOLATED STATES.

625

VOTES OF STATE LEGISLATURES ON THE FOURTEENTH CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT.

LOYAL STATES.

RATIFIED TWENTY-ONE STATES.

Maine.Senate, January 16, 1867, yeas 31, nays 0. House, January 11, 1867, yeas 126, nays 12.

New Hampshire. Senate, July 6, 1866, yeas 9, nays 3. House, June 28, 1866, yeas 207, nays 112.

· Vermont. Senate, October 23, 1866, yeas 28, nays 0. House, October 30, 1866, yeas 199, nays 11.

Massachusetts. Senate, March 20, 1867, yeas 27, nays 6. House, March 14, 1867, yeas 120, nays 20.

Rhode Island. Senate, February 5, 1867, yeas 26, nays 2. House, February 7, 1867, yeas 60, nays 9.

Connecticut. Senate, June 25, 1866, yeas 11, nays 6. House, June 29, 1866, yeas 131, nays 92.

New York. Senate, January 3, 1867, yeas 23, nays 3. House, January 10, 1867, yeas 76, nays 40.

New Jersey. Senate, September 11, 1866, yeas 11, nays 10. House, September 11, 1866, yeas 34, nays 24.

Pennsylvania. Senate, January 17, 1867, yeas 20, nays 9. House, February 6, 1867, yeas 58, nays 29.

West Virginia. Senate, January 15, 1867, yeas 15, nays 3. House, January 16, 1867, yeas 43, nays 11.

Ohio. Senate, January 3, 1867, yeas 21, nays 12. House, January 4, 1867, yeas 54, nays 25.

Tennessee. Senate, July 11, 1866, yeas 15, nays 6. House, July 12, 1866, yeas 43, nays 11.

Indiana. Senate, January 16, 1867, yeas 29, nays 18. House, January 23, 1867, yeas —, nays

Illinois. Senate, January 10, 1867, yeas 17, nays 7. House, January 15, 1867, yeas 59, nays 25.

Michigan. Senate, January, 1867, yeas 25, nays 1. House, January, 1867, yeas 77, nays 15.

Missouri.Senate, January 5, 1867, yeas 26, nays 6. House, January 8, 1867, yeas 85, nays 34.

40

Minnesota.— Senate, January 16, 1867, yeas 16, nays 5. House, January 15, 1867, yeas 40, nays 6.

Kansas. Senate, January 11, 1867, unanimously. House, January 10, 1867, yeas 75, nays 7.

Wisconsin.— Senate, January 23, 1867, yeas 22, nays 10. House, February 7, 1867, yeas 72, nays 12.

Oregon. - * Senate, September, 1866, yeas 13, nays 7. House, September 19, 1866, yeas 25, nays 22.

Nevada. - * Senate, January 22, 1867, yeas 14, nays 2. House, January 11, 1867, yeas 34, nays 4.

Delaware. Senate, February. House, February 6, 1867, yeas 6, nays 15.

Maryland. Senate, March 23, 1867, yeas 4, nays 13. House, March 23, 1867, yeas 12, nays 45.

Kentucky. Senate, January 8, 1867, yeas 7, nays 24. House, January 8, 1867, yeas 26, nays 62.

Virginia. Senate, January 9, 1867, unanimously. House, January 9, 1867, 1 for amendment.

North Carolina. Senate, December 13, 1866, yeas 1, nays 44. House, December 13, 1866, yeas 10, nays 93.

South Carolina.

1866, yeas 1, nays 95.

Senate,

House, December 20,

Georgia. Senate, November 9, 1866, yeas 0, nays 36. House, November 9, 1866, yeas 2, nays 131.

Florida. Senate, December 3, 1866, yeas 0, nays 20. House, December 1, 1866, yeas 0, nays 49.

Alabama. Senate, December 7, 1866, yeas 2, nays 27. House, December 7, 1866, yeas 8, nays 69.

* Unofficial.

THE DESOLATED STATES.

627

Mississippi. Senate, January 30, 1867, yeas 0, nays 27. House, January 25, 1867, yeas 0, nays 88.

Louisiana. Senate, February 5, 1867, unanimously. House, February 6, 1867, unanimously.

Texas. nays 67.

Arkansas.

Senate,

House, October 13, 1866, yeas 5,

Senate, December 15, 1866, yeas 1, nays 24.

House, December 17, 1866, yeas 2, nays 68.

Of these States North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Louisiana, and Arkansas, and possibly some of the other desolated States, will reverse their decision the present summer, and Nebraska, Iowa, and Colorado will also vote for it. On the other hand, New Jersey and Ohio, which have now Democratic Legislatures, have attempted, but in vain, to reverse their decisions and reject the Amendment. The votes of the reconstructed States will undoubtedly be sufficient to secure its adoption by the affirmative vote of the constitutional number (three fourths) of the States.

The commanders of the five military districts, Generals Meade, Sickles, Pope, Thomas, and Sheridan, after the passage of the Reconstruction Act, and its first supplement, issued their orders, insisting on obedience to its provisions, as according to the law they were required to do, but manifesting at the same time a disposition to interfere as little as possible with the existing civil government until the question of a constitutional convention could be voted on, and if called, a new constitution prepared and adopted, and the machinery of government set in motion under the new regime. Many leading citizens of the South, who had been prominent in the Rebellion, advised acquiescence in the Congressional plan, and while strong opposition was manifested in many quarters, it was hoped that there would be a general participation in the work of reorganization. The opposition was violent, and most strongly marked in the cities, where many of the leading papers, of Rebel antecedents, took an active part in abusing and berating Congress. The action of the military com

mander of the Fifth District, General Sheridan, in suppressing the violence of the Rebel opposition, was early and decided, as, indeed, was necessary. On the 27th of March, 1867, he removed from office Andrew S. Herron, Attorney-General of Louisiana, John T. Monroe, Mayor of New Orleans, and Edmund Abell, Judge of the first District Court of the city, and appointed in their places B. L. Lynch, Edward Heath, and W. W. Howe. In a note to General Grant, soon after, he assigned the following reasons for this action:

"I did not deem it necessary to give any reason for the removal of these men, especially after the investigation made by the Military Board on the massacre of July 30, 1866, and the report of the Congressional Committee on the same massacre; but as some inquiry has been made for the cause of removal, I would respectfully state as follows: The court over which Judge Abell presided is the only Criminal Court in the city of New Orleans, and for a period of at least nine months previous to July 30, he had been educating a large portion of the community to the perpetration of this outrage, by almost promising no prosecution in his court against the offenders, in case such an event occurred. The records of this court will show that he fulfilled his promise, as not one of the guilty ones has been prosecuted. In reference to Andrew S. Herron, AttorneyGeneral of the State of Louisiana, I considered it his duty to indict these men before this criminal court. This he failed to do, but went so far as to attempt to impose on the good sense of the whole nation by indicting the victims of the riot instead of the rioters in other words, making the innocent guilty and the guilty innocent. He was, therefore, an abettor of and coadjutor with Judge Abell in bringing on the massacre of July 30. Mayor Monroe controlled the element engaged in this riot, and when backed by an attorneygeneral who would not prosecute the guilty, and a judge who advised the grand jury to find the innocent guilty and let the murderers go free, felt secure in engaging his police force in the riot and massacre. With these three men exercising a large influence on the worst elements of this city, giving to these elements an immunity for riot and bloodshed, the General-in-chief will see how insecure I felt in letting them occupy their present positions in the troubles which might occur in registration and voting in the reorganization."