Culm 2-3 feet high, erect, strong, shorter than the broad stiff rough nodose and reticulate-veined leaves; plant glaucous-green, except the yellowish spikes.

Abundant over the country by streams.

Confounded in our country with C. ampullacea, but separated some years since by Dr. Boott in Hook. Flor. Bor. Am.

C. ampullacea var. utriculata. Carey in Manual, and this var. much the most common.

Var. sparsiflora, Dew. All the spikes long, 3-6 inches, slender, and the pistillate quite loose-flowered and more lax below and attenuated; fruit smaller, and scale longer.

NOTE. The following changes in the names of some species, already described in this Journal, become necessary, and some

corrections.

C. gynocratis, Wormsk. is due to that difficult form, C. davalliana, Wahl., vol. x, p. 283 of this Journal, and the characters need to be more full.

C. gyrocratis, Wormsk. Kunze Supp., t. 31.

Spica unica, dioica; pistillifera oblonga sublaxiflora; fructibus sub-ovalibus vel oblongis basin teretibus, nervosis, cum rostro convexo-tereti sub-brevi recto vel sub-recurvo bidentato, maturis sub-horizontalibus, squama ovata acuta paullo longioribus.

Culm 4-6 inches high, roundish, glabrous, sulcate, longer than the strong, linear, sub-recurved leaves.

Wayne Co., N. Y.-Dr. Sartwell, as well as Greenland and Alpine Lapland.

C. tenella, Ehrhart, not Schk., is the oldest name of C. Persoonii, Sieb., in this Journal, vol. xix, p. 253, Second Series. For synonyms, see also Carey in Manual, 514. This name of Ehrh. is the true designation.

C. lenticularis, Mx. Boott, Illust. No. 76.

Since the description of this species in this Journal, vol. v., p. 175, Second Series, it has been found on the White Mts., N. H., also at Lake Avalanche, N. Y.-Torrey and Gray. Staminate spike 1, rarely 2; pistillate spikes 2-5, cylindric, obtuse, and distigmatic; fruit oval or ovate, short-rostrate.

ART. XXIX.-Description of Nine new species of Crinoidea from the Subcarboniferous Rocks of Indiana and Kentucky; by SIDNEY LYON and S. A. CASSEDAY.

It was our intention originally, to publish the description of these, and other western Crinoidea, in the fourth volume of the Report on the Geology of Kentucky; but as many of our new and most interesting fossils find their way to the cabinets of European palæontologists and are described by them in continental journals, we determined to lay before the public the results of our labors at the earliest possible moment. We have drawings of all the species described, which we will publish sometime during the winter of the present year.

GONIASTEROIDOCRINUS, n. g., Lyon and Casseday.

Generic Formula.

Basal pieces, 1×5, pentagonal perforation not visible.
Subradial pieces, 5, hexagonal, nearly equal in size.
Primary radials, 3×5, first radial spinigerous.
Secondary radials, 3×10, hexagonal.

Interradial fields, 5x13, to 14.

Interbrachial fields, 5x7, to 9.

Arms, 5, nearly round, composed of about seven rows of small hexagonal pieces resting midway between the primary radials and supported by a right and left branch of the alternate ray on each side of them severally. Non ciliate. The interbrachial fields support long, pendulous cilia, from five to seven in each field.

Summit, pentagonal, composed of numerous polygonal pieces, some of which form raised folds enclosing fields of smaller pieces. Mouth depressed, sub-central.

Column, round, stout, composed of thin pieces alternately larger and smaller, the larger are the thickest.

The generic name was suggested to us by the resemblance of the summit to a Goniaster.

Goniasteroidocrinus tuberosus, n. sp.

Body, general form subcylindrical, or like a rounded pentagon, a little higher than wide, base deeply excavate. Summit plane or slightly elevated near the centre; the first radials are prolonged downwards and outwards into a spinous process.

Basal pieces five, forming together a regular pentagon; nearly covered by the supra columnar piece.

Subradials five, large, hexagonal, nearly equal in size, joined together, the margin presents four angular, and five plain margins between the SECOND SERIES, Vor.. XXVIII, No. 83.-SEPT., 1859.

angular notches. The basal, subradial and part of the first radial pieces are seated in the basal pit.

Radials. The first, five in number, are septagonal and spinigerous. The second, five in number, are hexagonal and a little smaller than the first radials. The third radials also five, are septagonal and axillary, their upper oblique margins each supporting three brachials which are hexagonal and reach to the free arms; the brachials are a little smaller than the radials.

Interradial fields. These are five in number, almost identical in size, form, number and arrangement of the hexagonal pieces which compose them. The first rests upon the square end of the subradials, supporting on its upper margin a row of four or five hexagonal pieces gradually diminishing in size from below upwards. The outer oblique margins of the first interradial support each a row of four or five pieces similar to the middle row, these fit into the angular spaces between the middle row of the interradial field and the radials on either side, and reach the arm at the summit of each interradial field.

All the pieces of the calyx rise into a pointed knob near their centres, from which runs a raised fold or rib to the centre of all the surrounding ones. The knobs and ridges of the radials and brachials are more prominent than those of the other pieces: on old specimens the ribs become obliterated and the centre of the pieces more prominent. The basal and subradial pieces have plane surfaces.

Interbrachial fields. These spaces are covered by from seven to nine small pieces, forming together a scutiform console or supporting piece. They stand prominently above the general surface of the body; the lowest is the largest, the others are similar to those forming the arms.

Arms. The arms are five in number, composed of seven or eight rows of small hexagonal pieces. At a short distance from the body the arms branch and terminate in a point, the pieces becoming gradually smaller from the body outward, and the number of rows diminishing. The arms bear no cilia and are always found pendulous. Midway between the arms and attached to the superior margin of the interbrachial fields and depending therefrom, are from five to eight long delicate plumose cilia; they are composed of two or more rows of hexagonal pieces the same size throughout their whole length; they bear delicate pinnules which curve upwards.

Summit, flat or slightly elevated, nearly a regular pentagon, covered by a great num er of polygonal pieces which are elevated into rounded knobs. About the centre is a cluster of pieces, (a central piece surrounded by five, six, or seven others,) very much larger than the remainder from which proceed strong, curved ridges meeting at the arins, and enclosing five sunken fields which vary in size and in the number of the pieces forming them. Without and along the margin are five fields, irregular in size and form, consisting of from six to fifteen pieces. The mouth is situated near the centre in the largest field on the summit, and can always be distinguished by the greater number and smallness of the pieces surrounding it, it is round and depressed.

Dimensions.

Diameter on second radials,

Height from base to arms,

Length of spines on first radials,
Greatest diameter of summit,
Least diameter of summit,

Greatest height of summit,

Length of arms of a specimen whose summit diam.

eter is 1

inch length to bifurcation,

Thickness of ciliated branch,

Geological position and locality. Found in the beds near the top of the knobstone member of the subcarboniferous beds on Clear Creek, Hardin Co., Ky., also in the same geological position in Washington and Montgomery Counties, Indiana. Its vertical range is quite limited. A crinoid (Acanthocrinus longispina) closely resembling ours has been found near Coblenz, and at several other Rhenish localities. It was first described by F. A. Roemer in 1850,* and again in 1854 by Zeiler and Wirtgen, the differences are such that we unhesitatingly refer our fossil to a new genus. The columns are very unlike. Although closely resembling each other in the interradial and anal fields, and the number of radials, yet they differ widely in the arrangement of the brachials as they approach the arms, the interbrachial fields and the summit. Instead of from sixty to eighty arms all similar, our genus has only five larger arms and several smaller fimbriated appendices (arms?) Besides one is from Devonian rocks whilst the other is only found in Sub-Carboniferous strata.

FORBESIOCRINUS, De Koninck and Le Hon.

Forbesiocrinus multibrachiatus, sp. nob.

Body subglobose where the arms are folded inward as is usually the case; from the base to the free arms somewhat discoid, robust, externally covered with minute granules.

Basal pieces, three, similar in form and size, forming by their outer margins apparently the upper joint of the column, slightly thickened opposite the middle of the pieces.

Subradial pieces, five, in good specimens presenting five obtusely angular pieces disconnected from each other, resting apparently upon the supra columnar piece.

Radial pieces, 1st series. Generally four in each ray, the first five (resting between the angular points of the subradials), are irregular in size and form, four are irregularly hexagonal, twice as wide as high, the fifth pentagonal and much smaller than either of the others. The second and third radials are obscurely hexagonal, similar in form, differing

*F. A. Roemer, N. Jahrbuch für Min., etc., 1850. p. 679, taf. vi, B.

Zieler and Wirtgen Verhand. Nat. Hist. Verein der Preus. Rhinelande, &c. Bonn., 1855.

lightly in size: the fourth is axillary, obscurely six-sided, rising into a long angular point; on each of its oblique upper sides supporting three pieces of the secondary radials, which are similar in form and nearly as large as the first radials. The last of these being axillary support on their upper oblique margins each, from four to seven brachial pieces: these last are again axillary, and bear on one side a branch of from twenty-five to thirty pieces, on the other branch which is again divided on the sixth or seventh piece above the first division of the arms, each branch of this last division being composed of about twenty pieces.

Interradial fields, 1st series. These fields consist of about fifteen pieces each, the first of which rests upon the upper oblique margin of the first radial of the first series. Usually hexagonal, small, this supports two of the second row, similar in form and size; these last again support three of the third row, of the same form but a little larger; these again a fourth row differing slightly in form and size, which are followed by two superior rows of ten pieces each, of irregular forms, sometimes there is another at the summit of which completes the field.

Interradial fields of the 2nd series, five, composed of pieces similar in form, from six to seven in number, variously arranged, sometimes one surmounted by two similar pieces, these by two others, then a smaller one, or one at the base, with one above the other, these again by two ranges of two, then one, all these forms are occasionally found in the same speci

men.

Interradial fields of the 3rd series. Usually ten, composed of from three to five pieces, not regular in form or arrangement, occasionally some of the fields are obscure or absent.

Anal pieces, six. The first is septagonal and rests upon the large subradial; upon it are two pieces, nearly similar in size; in the angle formed by their junction is one irregular shaped piece supporting two quite small quadrangular ones.

The arms are twenty in number, of irregular length, each branch divided into three fingers, making sixty in all: they are free from the third or fourth piece of the third division.

The arrangement of the several series of interradial fields between the branches of the arms produces a very large cup, in proportion to which the rays are quite short. The general form of our species is somewhat like that of Icthyocrinus lævis, (Conrad) Hall's figure, New York Geol. Rep., pl. 48, fig. 2. In the arrangement of the rays and the interradial fields in three series, it approaches Forbesiocrinus Wortheni, Hall (Iowa, pl. 17, fig. 5), from which it differs widely in the number of anal pieces.

Our specimens are nearly perfect, none of them exhibit the patelloid pieces of F. Wortheni, Hall. In several species of this genus which have come under our observation there are no patelloid pieces, in a few of our specimens (the prolongation of the superior pieces near the centre of their breadth overlapping the inferior) some of the prolongations are fractured, specimens of this character have probably led to the remark of Mr. Hall before cited. It is highly probable that this prolongation in the living animal was less calcareous than the remainder of the piece, and owing to this circumstance, was differently mineralized from the mass of the piece. This very difference in the composition of the pieces, supposing that the