years; and the Comte de Paris paid a visit to the Comte de Chambord at Frohsdorf in August, 1873. The arrangement, however, broke down before the latter's refusal to abandon the white flag, and the Duc de Broglie's refusal to accept it in lieu of the tricolour, and in May, 1874, having been beaten on a question of procedure by the defection of the Legitimists, the Duke resigned office and his seat as a Deputy. In 1876 he was elected to the Senate by his department, and the political adventure known as the "Seize Mai -the date of the dismissal of Jules Simon's Cabinet-brought back M. de Broglie as President of the Council and Minister of Justice in an Orleanist and Bonapartist Cabinet, when he again attempted to overthrow the Republic. He was opposed by Gambetta, who so organised the elections throughout France that a crushing Republican majority was returned, and Marshal MacMahon was informed that his only alternative was "se soumettre ou se démettre." The Duc de Broglie's Government was beaten as soon as the Chambers met in November, 1877, and was forced to resign, and in the following year a vote of censure was passed upon him by the Chambers for his unconstitutional acts when in power. From that time he took little part in politics, and having in 1885 failed to secure re-election, he retired into private life, and devoted his leisure to literary work, chiefly connected with the eighteenth century. His principal works were Le Secret du Roi," "Frédéric II et Marie Thérèse," "Frédéric II et Louis XV," and subsequently he edited in an elaborate form Les Mémoires de Talleyrand"-his last work being a series of articles in the Revue des Deux Mondes, entitled, "Le dernier bienfait de la Monarchie," dealing with the reign of Louis Philippe. In 1845 the Duc de Broglie married Mdlle. de Galard de Béarn, and died at his home in Paris on January 19, 1901, having for several years suffered from cancer in the throat. Giuseppe Verdi, the Italian composer, was born in 1813 at Roncole, a village in the Apennines, where his father was an innkeeper. He received his first lessons in music from the village organist, and by his aid he was enabled to go to Milan to pursue his studies. He was, however, rejected at the Conservatoire for want of sufficient musical ability. He thereupon placed himself under the direction of 66 64 the composer Lavigna, and made such progress that in 1839 his first opera, "Oberto Conte di San Bonifacio," was produced at Milan. He had married in 1836 Margherita Barezzi, daughter of a merchant at Busseto who was an ardent musician, but in 1839-40 Verdi lost both his young children and his wife just as he was completing “Un Giorno di Regno." In 1842 he again appeared before the public with pieces which were more to their taste- Nabucodonosor " (1842), I Lombardi " (1843), "Ernani" and "I Due Foscari" (1844), all of which were enthusiastically received and played at all the opera-houses of Europe. In more than one of these operas political allusions were discovered in the songs, and Verdi, the letters of whose surname could be made to stand for Vittorio Emmanuele, ré d'Italia, was raised to the rank of a popular leader. The three next operas from his pen, "Giovanna d'Arco" and 'Alzira" (1845), and “Attila" (1846), added nothing to Verdi's fame, but the production of "Macbeth" in London brought him to England in 1847, and in the same year his "I Masnadieri" was performed for the first time at her Majesty's theatre, Jenny Lind taking the chief part. This was followed by "Il Corsaro" (1848), "La Battaglia di Legnano" (1849), "Luisa Miller " (1849), and "Stiffelio" (1850), of which only "Luisa Miller" was destined to cross the Alps. Up to this time Verdi had done little to distinguish his art from that of numerous fluent composers, whose aim was to find effective songs for distinguished singers. 1851 he produced at Venice his powerful and dramatic work, "Rigoletto," founded on Victor Hugo's drama, "Le roi s'amuse." This was followed by "Il Trovatore" (1853), and in the same year by "La Traviata," at first a failure, but afterwards one of his most popular operas. This was followed in rapid succession by "Les Vêpres Siciliennes (1855), "Simone Boccanegra" (1857), In Un Ballo in Maschera" (1859), “La Forza del Destino" (1862), and "Don Carlos" (1867). In 1871 the Khedive Ismail commissioned him to write an opera on a subject chosen by Mariette Bey, and the result was "Aïda," produced at Cairo in the winter of 1871, and in 1874 he composed his famous Requiem in memory of Manzoni. After this he retired to his country house at Sant' Agata, and occupied himself more with agriculture than with music, but in 1887 his "Otello" was produced with the greatest success at Milan, and six years later was followed by an even more astonishing work, "Falstaff," so fresh and full of youth that it was impossible to realise that the composer had passed his eightieth year. Subsequently he devoted himself chiefly to Church music, and produced a "Stabat Mater" and a "Requiem " of great purity and elevation of style. In 1861 he was elected a member of the Italian Parliament, and in 1874 was made a Senator, but in neither capacity took any active part in political life. He retained his faculties to the end, and died at Milan, on January 27, quite peacefully. A grand funeral was accorded to him by the State; all the theatres and places of amusement were closed, and signs of public grief were everywhere manifest. On the 1st, at Hastings, Minnesota, U.S.A., aged 69, Ignatius Donnelly, born in Philadelphia, and educated and practised as a lawyer; was successively Congressman, Senator, and Governor of Minnesota; nominee of the people's party for the Vice-Presidency, 1900; the discoverer of the Bacon cryptogram in Shakespeare's plays, and author of "The Great Cryptogram" (1888). On the 1st, at the Oratory, Brompton, aged 81, Father Richard Stanton, the first member of the Order of Oratorians, founded by Cardinal Newman. On the 2nd, at Oxford, aged 59, Baden Henry Baden-Powell, C.I.E., eldest s. of Professor BadenPowell, of Oxford. Educated at St. Paul's School; entered Indian Civil Service, 1861; Judge of the Chief Court of the Punjab, 1885-9; largely concerned in the establishment of the Lahore University; Hon. M.A. Oxford, 1894; author of "Land Systems of British India,' "The Indian Village Community," etc. On the 2nd, at Elm Park Road, Chelsea, aged 53, Æneas Ranald Macdonell, Chief of Glengarry, s. of Æ. R. Macdonell, H.E.I.C.S. M., 1874, Catherine Frances, dau. of Henry Herries Creed. On the 4th, at Park Grove, Edgbaston, aged 82, Sir John Jaffray, first baronet. Born at Stirling. Educated there and at High School, Glasgow; joint editor of the Birmingham Journal (1844), which afterwards became the Birmingham Daily Post; a strong Liberal, who took an active part in local affairs; was one of the chief supporters of John Bright, and one of the founders of the National Liberal Federation; was prominent in the foundation of the Birmingham and Midland Institute, the Birmingham Free Libraries, and several hospitals, besides being interested in various industrial undertakings. M., 1850, Anna, dau. of Wm. Munton, of Bourne. On the 5th, at Weimar, aged 82, Grand Duke Karl Alexander of Saxe-Weimar, whose birth was celebrated by both Goethe and Schiller. He lived a quiet and retired life, and was a liberal patron of music and the fine arts. He restored the Wartburg, preserved the Goethe and Schiller houses and their archives for the German nation, and was the patron of Liszt. M., 1842, Princess Sophia, dau. of King William of Holland. On the 6th at Chesterfield Gardens, Mayfair, aged 70, Lord Leconfield, Henry Wyndham, second baron. Educated at Eton and Christ Church, Oxford; served in 1st Life Guards, 1849-67; sat as a Conservative for West Sussex, 1854-69. M., 1867, Lady Constance Evelyn Primrose, dau. of Lord Dalmeny. On the 6th, at Finchley Road, N.W., aged 63, George Alexander Laws, s. of Cuthbert Umfreville Laws, of Newcastle-on-Tyne. Apprenticed on merchant ship, 1851; served in Government transport service in the Crimean War, 1854-5, and continued seafaring life until 1865, when he became manager of a Steamship Company; served on numerous Royal Commissions dealing with the merchant-navy; took a leading part in opposing the " New Unionism" of the Sailors and Firemen's Union, 1890, and was an energetic supporter of the Shipping Federation. On the 7th, at Sydney, N.S. W., aged 81, Hon. Sir Edward Knox. Born in Denmark. Educated at the Royal Academy, Copenhagen, and at the Cathedral School, Lübeck; went to Australia, 1839; became manager of the Commercial Banking Corporation of Sydney, 1849-55, when he founded the Colonial Sugar Company, and remained Chairman of both until his death. Elected M.L.C., 1856, and again, 1881-5. On the 7th, at Pentre-Brychan, Wrexham, aged 75, LieutenantColonel Henry Warter-Meredith, a grandson of Mungo Park, the African traveller. Entered the Army, 1843; served with 41st Regiment through the Crimean campaign, 1854, and was severely wounded at Inkerman. On the 7th, at Bordighera, aged 60, Major-General Henry George Waterfield, C.B., s. of Major J. Waterfield. Entered the Indian Army, 1857; served with 52nd Regiment through the Indian Mutiny, 1857, and with 66th Ghoorkas, 1858-9; in the Hazara Expedition, 1888; commanded 45th Sikhs, 1885-9; in command of the Second Division of the Chitral force, 1895; several times mentioned in despatches. M., 1861, Emily, dau. of Edmund Scott Barber, of Llantrissant House, Glamorgan. On the 9th, at Ribsden, Bagshot, aged 70, Richard Copley Christie. Born at Lenton, Notts. Educated at Lincoln College, Oxford; Professor of History at Owens College, Manchester, 1854-6; of Political Economy, 1855-66; called to the Bar at Lincoln's Inn, 1857; Chancellor of the Diocese of Manchester, 1872-93: Chairman of Sir Joseph Whitworth & Co., 1887-95; a generous benefactor of Owens College and other institutions; learned bibliophile and collector; author of "Etienne Dolet " (1880); edited "Diary of Dr. John Worthington" (1886); "Letters of Sir Thos. Copley" (1888), and wrote many literary articles in English and French. On the 10th, at Sydney, N.S. W., aged 68, Sir James Robert Dickson, K.C.M.G., D.C.L. Born at Plymouth. Educated at Glasgow; went to Victoria about 1850, and migrated to Queensland, where he engaged in business; sat as Member of Legislative Assembly, Queensland, 1873-87, and 1892-1900; Secretary for Public Works, 1876; Colonial Treasurer, 1876-9, and 1883-7; Premier and Chief Secretary, 1898; Delegate to England, 1900; Minister of Defence in the First Federal Cabinet, 1901. M., 1855, Annie, dau. of Thomas Ely, of Sudbury, Suffolk. On the 10th, at Rangoon, aged 48, Sir Edward Spence Symes, K.C.I.E. Educated at University College School and University College, London. Entered the Bengal Civil Service, 1873; Assistant Commissioner in Burmah, 1876; Secretary to Chief Commissioner and officer in charge of Delhi State Prisoners, 1886; Chief Secretary to the Government of Burmah, 1897; K.C.I.E., 1900. On the 10th, at Anerley, aged 57, Surgeon-Lieutenant-Colonel Saunders B. Haliday, who possessed medals for service in the Abyssinian and Afghan campaigns; retired from Indian Medical Service, 1887. On the 12th, in Kensington, aged 62, Right Rev. Bransby Lewis Key, s. of C. Aston Key, an eminent London surgeon. Educated at Kensington Grammar School, and St. Augustine's College, Canterbury; ordained in South Africa, 1864, and placed in charge of the Transkei district, where he remained until 1883, when he was consecrated Coadjutor Bishop to Dr. Callaway, whom he succeeded as Bishop of Kaffraria, 1886. On the 12th, at Holwood, Kent, aged 47, Lord Lionel Cecil, s. of second Marquess of Salisbury, and half-brother of the Premier; was Major 5th (Volunteer) Battalion Northumberland Fusiliers, and served in first Transvaal War. On the 13th, aged 43, Lieutenant-Colonel John Blandford Ratteclyffe Butler, of the Indian Staff Corps, mentioned in despatches, and received medal for services with Jacob's Horse (6th Bombay Cavalry) in Afghan War, 1880. On the 13th, at Grosvenor Square, London, aged 62, Sam Lewis, the "Prince of Money Lenders "; he bequeathed upwards of a million sterling to public charities, including 400,000l. for housing the London poor. On (or about) the 13th, aged 78, M. Hermite, a distinguished French mathematician. On his 70th birthday was presented with medal in presence of an internationally representative scientific gathering. On the 15th, aged 65, M. Arthur Desjardins, Avocat-Général at the Court of Cassation; an eminent authority on international law; arbitrated between England and Belgium as to expulsion of an agitator; agreed with majority of Court of Cassation in favour of revision of the Dreyfus case. the 15th, at Old Elvet, Durham, aged 75, His Honour Judge Edgar John Meynell, s. of Thomas Meynell, of Kilvington Hall, Yorkshire. Educated at Ampleforth College; called to the Bar, 1852; Recorder of Doncaster, 1870; County Court Judge (Durham), 1873. M., 1856, Maria Louisa, dau. of Richard Samuel Short, of Edlington, Lincolnshire. On the 15th, at Fiesole, aged 73, Arnold Boecklin, a Swiss painter of repute. Born at Basle. Studied at Düsseldorf, Paris and Rome; subsequently divided his time between Rome and Munich; protected by Graf von Schach, 1854-74; appointed Professor of Landscape Painting at the School of Art at Weimar, 1860; painted the mythological pictures on the staircase of the Munich Museum; settled in Florence, 1876; painted, among other large works, "The Island of the Blest," "The Island of the Dead," "Prometheus Vinctus," "Spiel der Wellen," and others expressing the spirit of Homer and Eschylus. M., 1850, Angelica, a Roman orphan, who afterwards sat as model for the central figure in his chief pictures. On the 16th, at Bombay, M. Mahadev Govind Ranade, C.I.E. Judge of the High Court of Bombay since 1893; was highly esteemed by both Europeans and natives. On the 16th, at Hampstead, aged 91, Henry William Chisholm, s. of Henry Chisholm, of the Exchequer Office, and Confidential Clerk to Lord Grenville when Prime Minister. Educated at Bradford (Wilts) and Bath; appointed Clerk in the Exchequer Bill Office, 1824; assistant to Beaumont Smith, Senior Clerk, whom he succeeded on the discovery of the forgery of 400,000l. Exchequer Bills by the latter, 1842; Chief Clerk of the Exchequer, 1862-7; Warden of the Standards, 1867-77; compiler of the great "Account of National Income and Expenditure, 1688-1868"; author of " Weighing and Measuring" (1877), etc. On the 17th, at Rome, aged 57, Frederic W. H. Myers, s. of Rev. F. Myers, of Keswick. Educated at Cheltenham and Trinity On An College, Cambridge; B.A., 1864, Second Classic (bracketed); Fellow of Trinity, 1865-80; Inspector of Schools, 1867; took a leading part in Psychical Research, and was one of the founders, with E. Gurney and H. Sidgwick, of the society so named; author of "St. Paul" (a poem, 1867), "The Renewal of Youth (poems, 1882), "Life of Wordsworth"; joint translator of the "Iliad" with A. Lang and W. Leaf; author of "Phantasms of the Living" (1882). M., 1880, Eveleen, dau. of Charles Tennant, of Cadoxton. On the 17th, at Toronto, Canada, aged 78, Sir Frank Smith. Born at Richhill, co. Armagh. Emigrated with his family to Canada, 1832; first worked on a farm, and afterwards at a store, of which he became manager, and subsequently amassed a large fortune. One of the originators of the Ontario Catholic League, 1871; summoned to the Canadian Senate, 1871; member of successive Cabinets from Sir John Macdonald's to Sir C. Tupper's. On the 17th, in Paris, aged 76, Jules Barbier, a playwright and librettist; was associated with Meyerbeer, Ambroise Thomas, Gounod, Offenbach, etc. On the 18th, at Onslow Gardens, S. W., aged 76, William Sedgwick Saunders, M.D. Born at Compton-Gifford, Devon. Educated at King's College, London, and St. Thomas's Hospital. Entered Army Medical Service, 1843-53; served in Canada and West Indies; commenced civil practice in the City of London; elected to the Common Council, and was Chairman of the Library Committee, 1870; Medical Officer of the City, 1874; author of numerous works on medical and sanitary subjects. On the 19th, at Kensington Palace, aged 73, Rev. William Graham Green. Graduated from St. John's College, Cambridge; ordained, 1850; served as Naval Chaplain, 1852-65; Vicar, Holy Trinity, Minories, and Chaplain, St. Peter-ad-Vincula, at the Tower, till 1876; subsequently held country livings till 1888, when he was appointed Chaplain-in-Ordinary to Queen Victoria at Kensington Palace. On the 19th, at Leicester, aged 91, James Ellis, a member of the Society of Friends, and head of a large firm of quarry owners; sat as a Liberal for Leicester, 1885-92. On the 19th, at Farnley-Grange, near Newcastleon-Tyne, aged 68, George Baker Forster, s. of Thomas Emmerson Forster. eminent mining engineer and coal-owner; served on several Royal Commissions; enjoyed confidence, as arbitrator, of masters and men; President for three years of Mining Institute, and Vice-Chairman of Northumberland Coal-owners' Association from 1885 to his death. On the 19th, at Brighton, aged 76, Major-General John Miller, late 3rd Dragoon Guards and 13th Hussars; served with 10th Regiment in Sutlej campaign, 1846-medal and clasp for Sobraon; with 3rd Dragoon Guards in Indian Mutiny, 1858-9; in Abyssinian campaign (mention and medal). On (or about) the 20th, M. Gramme, eminent Belgian electrician. In 1872 patented the dynamo, receiving for it 20,000 francs from French Government, and Volta Prize of 20,000 francs from the Academy of Science. On the 20th, at Wells, aged 57, William Gill. As manager of Orconera Iron Ore Company took a leading part in building up the iron ore trade of Bilbao. On the 21st, at Exeter, aged 80, Major-General George Harper Saxton, F.R.G.S. Appointed to Madras Native Infantry, 1838; devoted himself chiefly to survey work; was a bimetallist, and an advocate of a decimal coinage. On the 23rd, at Frankfort-on-Main, aged 72, Baron Wilhelm Karl von Rothschild, s. of Baron Karl. Born at Naples; removed to Frankfort, 1845, and on the death of Baron Mayer, in 1886, became head of the Frankfort house; was many years Austrian Consul-General, and devoted himself to the study of Talmudic literature. M., 1849, Baroness Mathilda von Rothschild. On the 24th, at Lympshaw Manor House, Weston-super-Mare, aged 82, Prebendary Joseph Henry Stephenson. Graduated from Queen's College, Oxford, 1841; ordained, 1842; became Rector (1844) of Lympshaw, Somerset, of which he was patron and lord of the manor, and remained there till his death; also held from 1845 till his death Diocesan Inspectorship of Schools. Evangelical of old school; was respected by all. On the 24th, in Paris, aged 62, Paul Lissagaray. Born at Auch; passed several years in America; returned to Paris, 1864, as a lecturer and journalist, taking a leading part in the Paris Commune, 1871, of which he wrote the history; returned from London to Paris, 1880, and started La Bataille, which vehemently attacked Boulanger, and had a duel with Rochefort. On the 25th, at Greenwich Vicarage, aged 66, Rev. Brooke Lambert, M.A., B.C.L. Educated at Brighton College, and Brasenose College, Oxford; B.A., 1857; after working in Lancashire he was appointed Vicar of St. Mark's, Whitechapel, 1865-72; of Tamworth, 1872-8; and of Greenwich, 1880; he was chief founder of the Metropolitan Association for Befriending Young Servants; an active member of the Greenwich Board of Guardians, and a member of the Royal Commission on Poor Law Schools. He belonged to the Broad Church party. On the 25th, at Bournemouth, aged 72, Charles Fraser-Mackintosh, LL.D., of Lochardill, Inverness, s. of James Fraser, of Inverness. Was educated at Inverness, and admitted solicitor, 1853, retiring in 1867, having assumed the name of Mackintosh; sat as a Liberal for Inverness Burghs, 1874-85, and, in the Crofter interest, but as a Liberal Unionist, for Inverness-shire from 1886-92; was a member of Lord Napier's Crofters Commission. On the 27th, at St. Leonards-on-Sea, aged 69, Basil Woodd Smith. Took an active part in all the local and philanthropic work of Hampstead. On the 28th, at Burgess Hill, aged 79, General Walter Douglas Phillipps Patton-Bethune, s. of Captain T. Patton, R.N., of Bishop's Hull, Somerset. Served with 74th Regiment through the Kaffir War, 1851-3; attached to the Staff in the Crimean Campaign, 1854-5; and served through the Indian Mutiny, 1857-8; Colonel of 74th Foot-afterwards Highland Light Infantry1876; assumed additional name of Bethune, 1882. M., 1855, Julia, dau. of Sir Howard Elphinstone, M.P. On the 28th, in Paris, aged 75, Vicomte Henri de Bornier. Born at Lunel (Hérault); educated at Montpelier and Paris, and trained to the law; published his first volume of poetry," Premières Feuilles," 1845; appointed to the Arsenal Library, 1847, of which he became chief Librarian; elected member of the French Academy, 1893; author of Mariage de Luther" (1854), "Dante et Béatrix' (1858), Agamemnon" (1868), Fille de Roland" (1875), etc. On the 28th, at Whalley Range, Manchester, aged 65, Sir John William Maclure, M.P., first baronet, s. of John Maclure, a Manchester merchant. Educated at Manchester Grammar School, and entered the Manchester and Salford Bank, and took up the Volunteer movement with great ardour; by his exertions raised large sums for Manchester Cathedral and suburban churches; as Honorary Secretary of the Lancashire Cotton Famine Relief Funds, 1862-4, he showed conspicuous ability; sat as a Conservative for the Stretford Division of South-East Lancashire since 1886; was called to the bar of the House and admonished by the Speaker (1892) in connection with the dismissal of a railway servant who had given evidence before a Select Committee; he was an extremely popular member of the House of Commons. M., 1859, Eleanor, dau. of Thomas Nettleship, of East Sheen. On the 29th, at Sachavov, near Tver, aged 73, Joseph Vassilyevich Gourko, of an ancient Lithuanian family. Educated in the Corps of Imperial Pages at St. Petersburg; entered the Hussars of the Imperial Bodyguard, 1846, but served with the Infantry through the Crimean Campaign, 1854-6; appointed orderly officer to the Tsar, 1857; was employed in suppressing the Polish insurrection, 1863, when he showed great severity; was in command of the advance guard of the army of the Danube in the Russo-Turkish War, 1877-8, when he captured Tirnova, and afterwards held the Shipka Pass; then, falling back, took an active part in the reduction of Plevna, after which, crossing the Balkans in winter storms, he occupied Sofia, Philippopolis, and Adrianople; created Count, 1878; made Governor-General of St. Petersburg, 1879, and by his brutality goaded the Nihilists to repeated outrages; dismissed and banished to his estates, 1883; he was recalled by Alexander III., and appointed Governor-General of the Polish Provinces, where his treatment of the Poles in 1884 was universally condemned; in 1892 he was appointed Commander-in-chief of all troops in Poland and Lithuania, but resigned after a short tenure of office. On (or about) the 28th, William Bramston, of Sheppey Court, Sheerness-on-Sea, an old supporter of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, and other religious causes; wrote various tracts (one called "How Do I Know that the Bible is True?"), of which 1,500,000 copies were said to have been circulated. On the 29th, at Devonshire Street, Portland Place, aged 62, Rev. Hugh Reginald Haweis, s. of Rev. J. O. W. Haweis, Canon of Winchester. Born at Egham; graduated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he obtained a reputation as a violinist, but before taking his degree he served with Garibaldi during the Italian War of Independence, 1860; Curate of St. Peter's, Bethnal Green, 1861-3; of St. James the Less, Westminster, 1864-86, when he was appointed to St. James's Church, Westmoreland Street, Marylebone; was a great traveller, a popular preacher, lecturer, and musical critic; author of "Thoughts for the Times," Music and Morals," "Speech in Season," "Christ and Christianity," etc. On the 29th, at Cheltenham, aged 68, Major-General J. M. Muspratt Williams, s. of a chaplain of the same name in the East India Company's service; joined 1st Madras Fusiliers at an early age; medal for service in second Burmese War; in 1857 conducted several expeditions against rebels, and for that and other work received thanks of Governor-General in Council. On the 31st, at Westonsuper-Mare, aged 72, Colonel Mansfield Turner, s. of William Turner, of H.M. Diplomatic Service. Entered the Army, 1846; served with 20th Regiment. M., |