them admirable, of all the Viceroys since the Union, beginning with the Marquis Cornwallis in 1800.

THE PRIVATE DRAWING-ROOM, with its magnificent furniture, its mirrors and marble tables, is worthy of a visit, as also the Billiard Room, from which a fine view of the court-yard is obtained. Various government offices are situated within the Castle.

4. CHRIST'S CHURCH CATHEDRAL, sometimes styled the CHURCH OF THE HOLY TRINITY. According to the "Black Book of Christ's Church," its vaults were formed by the Danes before the visit of St. Patrick to Ireland, who afterwards celebrated mass in one of then. The church, however, as it now stands, is of comparatively modern date. It seems to have been first erected in 1038, and to have been subsequently enlarged by Lawrence O'Toole, who in 1163 changed the canons, originally secular, into canons regular of the order of Arras; then by Strongbow and Fitzstephen, and later still by Raymond le Gros, who added the choir, steeple, and two smaller chapels. John Comyn rebuilt the church in 1190; and about 1360 John de St. Paul erected the chancel. This church was made the repository for various relics, and, among others, the shrine of St. Cubie, stolen by the people of Dublin from the Welsh. So high was the sanctity of this church held, that pilgrims to its shrine enjoyed the rights of sanctuary in Dublin during their stay. Many of the relics were publicly destroyed in the sixteenth century; and with them St. Patrick's staff, which was committed to the flames. It was in this cathedral that the church liturgy was first read in Ireland in the English tongue. In 1553, by order of Queen Mary, the mass was again performed in the cathedral, and continued for six years, when the reformed style of worship was finally restored. The cathedral is built in the form of a cross; the transept has lately undergone repair, and looks fresh again; while the choir has also been fitted up with stalls for the dean and

prebendaries. Among the monumental tombs in the cathedral, that reputed to belong to Earl Strongbow is deserving of notice. It represents that powerful warrior in a recumbent position clothed in mail, with Eva, his wife, by his side. The female figure, however, is defaced. Some doubts are entertained of the authenticity of the figure of Strongbow, it being affirmed that it represents the Earl of Desmond, Lord Chief Justice, who was conspired against by those who looked with jealousy on his kindness to the Irish people, and beheaded at Drogheda in 1467. It is stated that Sir Henry Sidney had it removed to its present position in 1569. Various other monuments of superior beauty and interest, if not of like antiquity, will attract the visitor, not the least poetic of which is the figure of a child on the monument of the late Dr. Abbot of Dublin. This place of worship is a great attraction to those fond of the display of a cathedral service, which is performed every Sunday at eleven o'clock by a full choir. Programmes of the music may be seen in the Saturday's papers.

5. CATHEDRAL OF ST. PATRICK.-The venerable St. Patrick erected a place of worship near the well in which he baptised his converts. This was on the site of the present cathedral. That the original pile existed for a period of years is attested by the fact that in 890, being four centuries and a half later, Gregory of Scotland, with his followers, attended worship in it. The present building was begun by Archbishop Comyn in 1190, and was much added to and decorated by Archbishop Minot, who held the see of Dublin in 1370. This was rendered the more necessary by the accidental destruction of a great portion of the pile by fire in 1362. The present steeple, built in the lancet style, is of this later date. The cathedral is cruciform, consisting of nave, transepts, choir, and lady chapel. Many monuments decorate the interior of this cathedral. In the chancel is a tablet to the memory of the Duke of

Schomberg, with an inscription by Swift, once Dean of the cathedral. The monument at the western door, to Boyle, Earl of Cork, in 1639, is one claiming attention from its cumbersome and singular design. It consists of black marble, decorated with wood carving, gilding, and painting, and represents the Earl and his lady in recumbent

positions, surrounded by their children, sixteen in number. In close proximity are two marble slabs, which mark the resting-places of Dean Swift, and Mrs. Hester Johnston, the "Stella" of his poetry. The cathedral has been

entirely restored, since 1860, at the sole cost of B. L. Guinness, the celebrated Dublin brewer, who has expended upwards of £100,000 upon it. To judge of the magnitude of this work, the building must have been seen in its former state. We may, however, enumerate the principal repairs and renovations carried out by this liberal public benefactor. All the walls on the outside have been newly faced; several of the flying buttresses and pinnacles rebuilt; two new porches constructed, and the tower and spire thoroughly repaired from the summit to the basement. In the inside, the crumbling walls of the nave and south transept have also been rebuilt, and the ceiling groined. The north transept, which was formerly used as a parish church, has been rebuilt, and the partitions, which separated both transepts and the nave from the choir, been removed, thus opening the entire building for the purposes of worship. The floor of the whole has been excavated, and thorough drainage secured by sewers and a deep bed of shingle, over which a beautiful native flagging has been laid. A fine organ has been placed at the right of the communion-table, and the principal windows filled with stained glass. Mr. Guinness has also opened a new street, forming a suitable approach to the cathedral.

The Lady Chapel, which was rebuilt by Dean Peckenham, was used by George IV. as chapter-house for the knights of St. Patrick. It was formerly used as a church for French Protestants. The musical ability of the choir is deservedly of high repute.

6. THE GENERAL POST-OFFICE is a building of considerable beauty. Its front presents an imposing portico supported by six fluted Ionic columns, and surmounted by figures of Hibernia, Mercury, and Fidelity.

7. NELSON'S MONUMENT (6d. charged for ascending), a tall fluted column, 121 feet high (exclusive of the statue), stands beside the post-office. The whole erection

cost the sum of £6856, raised by public subscription among the Irish admirers of the Trafalgar hero. The statue, which stands thirteen feet in height, is a beautiful specimen of art, and is from the studio of a native sculptor, Thomas Kirk. On a fine clear day the visitor would do well to ascend to the safely-railed summit of the monument, from which a most extensive and delightful prospect may be obtained, embracing a panoramic view of the city and surrounding country, from the Mourne Mountains* in the county Down on the north, to the Wicklow Mountains on the south; the plains of Meath and Kildare on the west, parted by the Dublin Hills and Dublin Bay, and a wide expanse of sea to the eastward.

8. CUSTOM-HOUSE.-The outline of this structure is quadrangular, each side being highly and appropriately decorated. The principal front faces the river. In the centre is a tetrastyle portico supporting a neat pediment, in the tympanum of which is a fine allegorical composition, representing Britannia and Hibernia in a marine shell, a group of merchantmen approaching, and Neptune driving away famine and despair. An attic storey rises behind the pediment, and on this are placed, right above the Doric columns of the portico, colossal statues of Navigation, Wealth, Commerce, and Industry. The wings are connected with the centre by arcades, and are surmounted by the arms of Ireland. We pass round the west side of the building to the north face, which has also a portico of four columns of the Doric order; they are, however, elevated on a flight of steps, which adds not a little to their beauty. The entablature is here decorated with well designed figures representative of Europe, Asia, America, and Africa. A dome, in the style of that on Greenwich hospital, rises above the building to the height of some 120 feet, and bears on its summit a statue of Hope, sixteen feet high.

These are only visible in peculiar states of the atmosphere.