Imagens das páginas
PDF
ePub
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors]
[merged small][ocr errors][merged small]
[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors][subsumed][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small]

17. PRIMULA VERIS (Cowslip). From Darwin's Forms of Flowers .

157

[merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small]

XX

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

FIG.

PAGE

20. RECOGNITION OF CEDICNEMUS VERMICULATUS AND E. SENEGALENSIS (from Seebohm's Charadriada)

223

21. RECOGNITION OF CURSORIUS CHALCOPTERUS AND C. GALLICUS (from Seebohm's Charadriada)

224

22. RECOGNITION OF SCOLOPAX MEGALA AND S. STENURA (from Seebohm's Charadriada)

225

23. METHONA PSIDII AND LEPTALIS ORISE.

241

24. OPTHALMIS LINCEA AND ARTAXA SIMULANS (from the Official Narrative of the Voyage of the Challenger)

247

25. WINGS OF ITUNA ILIONE AND THYRIDIA MEGISTO (from Proceedings of the Entomological Society) .

251

26. MYGNIMIA AVICULUS AND COLOBORHOMBUS FASCIATIPENNIS 27. MIMICKING INSECTS FROM THE PHILIPPINES (from Semper's Animal Life).

259

260

28. MALVA SYLVESTRIS AND M. ROTUNDIFOLIA (from Lubbock's British Wild Flowers in Relation to Insects)

311

[ocr errors]

29. LYTHRUM SALICARIA, THREE FORMS OF (from Lubbock's British Wild Flowers in Relation to Insects)

312

30. ORCHIS PYRAMIDALIS (from Darwin's Fertilisation of Orchids). 314 31. HUMMING-BIRD FERTILISING MARCGRAVIA NEPENTHOIDES 320 32. DIAGRAM OF MEAN HEIGHT OF LAND AND DEPTH OF OCEANS 345 33. GEOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE HORSE TRIBE (from Huxley's American Addresses)

388

34. DIAGRAM ILLUSTRATING THE GEOLOGICAL DISTRIBUTION OF PLANTS (from Ward's Sketch of Palæobotany).

[ocr errors]

402

35. TRANSFORMATION OF ARTEMIA SALINA TO A. MILHAUSENII (from Semper's Animal Life).

426

36. BRANCHIPUS STAGNALIS AND ARTEMIA SALINA (from Semper's

Animal Life).

427

37. CHIMPANZEE (TROGLODYTES NIGER)

454

[merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][ocr errors]

Definition of species-Special creation-The early TransmutationistsScientific opinion before Darwin-The problem before DarwinThe change of opinion effected by Darwin-The Darwinian theory -Proposed mode of treatment of the subject.

THE title of Mr. Darwin's great work is-On the Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection and the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. In order to appreciate fully the aim and object of this work, and the change which it has effected not only in natural history but in many other sciences, it is necessary to form a clear conception of the meaning of the term "species," to know what was the general belief regarding them at the time when Mr. Darwin's book first appeared, and to understand what he meant, and what was generally meant, by discovering their "origin." It is for want of this preliminary knowledge that the majority of educated persons who are not naturalists are so ready to accept the innumerable objections, criticisms, and difficulties of its opponents as proofs that the Darwinian theory is unsound, while it also renders them unable to appreciate, or even to comprehend, the vast change which that theory has effected in the whole mass of thought and opinion on the great question of evolution.

The term "species" was thus defined by the celebrated botanist De Candolle: "A species is a collection of all the individuals which resemble each other more than they resemble anything else, which can by mutual fecundation

[blocks in formation]
« AnteriorContinuar »