FANNY CORNFORTH.-Any clue to her family will oblige. She was one of Rossetti's models. A. C. H. "THE HEIR OF LINNE.'-Two verses from a ballad "of early date are quoted in the History of Lynnin Massachusetts' by Alonzo Lewis. They read as follows : The bonnie heire, the weel faured heire, Then he did spy a little wee locke, If of an early date it must refer to King's Lynn in Norfolk, as Saugus was not called Linn before 20 November, 1637. Can any reader give the author, the source whence quoted, or explain the meaning of the ballad? H. J. HILLEN. [There are different versions of the Heir of Linne. That from which you quote is the Scottish ballad. All that is known concerning it is told in English and Scottish Ballads,' edited by Francis James Child, vol. viii. p. 60 (Sampson Low & Co., 1861).] MR. GLADSTONE'S HEIGHT.-What was Mr Gladstone's height? I had the privilege of hearing him speak from a platform many years ago in Liverpool when a boy, and have seen him seated in a carriage, but could not judge of his stature from either view. Besides, I have heard varying statements as to his stature. In Sir Algernon West's gossipy 'Recollections' the following passage occurs (vol. ii. p. 193):— "As a boy,' he [Mr. Gladstone] said, 'I was remarkably short, and my greatest ambition, a very moderate one, was up to fourteen to be 5 feet high but to my distress, on my fourteenth birthday i was only 4 feet 10 inches, most of my growth being after I was sixteen, and now I am shorter than I was as a young man.' I told him that it was the natural tendency of advancing years." Little or no reliance can be placed on photographs, which are notoriously deceptive, otherwise I should judge him (from one in my possession in which he is standing by Lord Brougham) to have been some 5 feet 8 inches. But perhaps some reader can enlighten me. J. B. MCGOVERN. St. Stephen's Rectory, C.-on-M., Manchester. Beglies. THE STORY OF ST. HELEN, QUEEN OF ENGLAND. (9th S. iv. 182.) A VISIT to the Grande Bibliothèque de la Ville, Rue Gentil, Lyon, has convinced me that no manuscript entitled 'Ystoire d'Helayne,' attributed either to Alexandre The authorities mentioned at Brussels must de Paris or to any one else, is known there. Lyon, however, there is the Chronique have been misinformed on the subject. At d'Elaine,' described under the cote or pressmark 767 in the Catalogue of the manuscripts in the Municipal Library which MM. Desvernay and Molinier are about to publish. As this manuscript, which is on paper, and of about the same date as Wauquelin's prose version at Brussels, is incorrectly described on pp. 445-7 of a work entitled "Manuscrits de la Bibliothèque de Lyon, par Ant. Fr. Delandine," tome premier (Paris, 1812), and as it concerns the history of England as imagined in the fifteenth century, it may be that a few notes upon it, jotted down in its presence, may prove esting to the critics of N. & Q.,' and elicit further information as to its origin and offspring. It contains more than 20,000 verses in alexandrine rimes, ending thus :Jhesus veulle garder de mal et de tourment A tous jours de leur vie sans nul empeschement Tous ceulz qui ont oy et prins esbatement Alonsment trestons boire il en est temps vraiement Cy fineray delaine qui tant ot de tourment. Explicit Cy fineray mon cronique delaine manu propria. inter If the two final words mean that Alexandre was not merely the copyist, but the poet, the author must have lived in the middle de Crequi flourished. There are places called of the fifteenth century, when Dame Louise Clairy-Crequy and Canaples in the Département de la Somme, not far from Amiens. M. Félix Desvernay, the Administrator of the Great Library, is unable to explain the syllable ment after alons in the bevering line. One might think that ent, an old form of en, was meant, if en did not come just after it. Can it be a poetical licence for maintenant? As recording the provenance of the manuscript, it is to be noted that on the outside of the parchment cover a fifteenth-century hand has written "hors sy dame salygora de Roays." This is not very explicit; but there is a town called Roays in La Vaucluse. On the inside of the cover a hand of about the same date has written in Gothic letters, "Cet le lybre de eleyne mere saynt martyn et brysoun et du bonn roy anthoyne et danrye dangleterre de toute la regyon." Below this a purchaser in the eighteenth century recorded, "Ego Iacobus Colabau consciliarius [sic] regius in supremâ Lugduni monetarum aulâ hoc MSS. emi anno Domini millessimo septengentessimo [sic] trigessimo sexto: MDCCXXXVI: 1736." On the recto of the first page the title of the book has been indicated thus, about the year 1600, "Le grand chronique delaine ecrite par ordre de dame Loyse de Crequi dannaples [sic] etc par I. Alexandrij." Below the note of Colabau there is the name "Jaquelyne [?] de Crequy" in the writing of the fifteenth century. The manuscript is eminently deserving of a careful edition. It appears to contain substantially the same story as the prose of Wauquelin. It is evident therefore that the tale of Helen, with reminiscences of the rape of the Trojan belle and of the mother of Constantine, was as popular in aristocratic families in Eastern France in the fifteenth century as it was among the Basques of La Soule in the time of Napoléon Bonaparte. M. Desvernay pointed out to me that Prof. Gaston Paris in 'La Littérature Française au Moyen Age' (Paris, 1888) refers to the Roman de la Belle Hélène' on pp. 84 and 210. More over, in paragraph 151 he refers to the idol of Mahomet adored by the Saracens. It is well known that in every Basque pastoral, a performance which gives one some idea of what the primitive drama of Greece and Rome was, one-half of the actors represent the Saracens, who do obeisance to the modern puppet representing Mahomet, which is fixed on the top of the screen at the back of the stage. For the Roman d'Alexandre,' which also found its way into Basque, see the "Histoire de la Langue et de la Littérature Fran çaise......publiée sous la direction de L. Petit de Julleville," tome premier. Part of the text of the Basque pastoral of St. Helen was published in La Revue de Linguistique some eight years ago. A literal translation of the whole in English has been written by myself. Whence did the Basques get it at the end of the eighteenth century? The librarian at Lyon and his assistant M. Jean Pierre Thillet, whom I have to thank for their courteous furthering of my inquest, were unable to suggest an answer. PALAMEDES. OAKHAM CASTLE AND ITS HORSESHOES (8th S. xii. 226). — The Sunday Magazine for January, in a collection of 'Curiosities of the Camera,' gives two illustrations bearing on the above subject from photographs by John Burton & Sons, Leicester. From the letterpress I extract the following interesting information: "The toll of a horseshoe from every peer of the realm who passes through Oakham was rigidly enforced and is still claimed. It now takes the printed thereon, surmounted by the proper coronets form of gilded shoes with the name of the donor pertaining to the ranks of those paying toll. There are at the present time over 130 horseshoes hanging upon the walls of the chapel attached to Oakham Castle, the names and dates on several of them being quite undecipherable. Queen Elizabeth prefrom whom the toll was claimed. sented one of the shoes, and she was the first sovereign George IV. presented a horseshoe in 1814, and Her Majesty the Queen when Princess Victoria presented one which bears the date September 21, 1835. The illustration shows the shoe given by the Princess of Wales. It is three feet high, and is made of cast iron richly gilt. A nobleman who was driving tandem through the town a short time ago was called upon for the customary tribute. When it arrived it was found to be of pure gold and beautifully chased." The shoe sent by the Princess of Wales is surmounted by a crown, and bears the inscription "Alexandra, Princess of Wales, January, 1881." The second picture depicts the interior of the chapel with its walls covered with horseshoes. JOHN T. PAGE. West Haddon, Northamptonshire. "A FAR CRY TO LOCH AWE" (9th S. v. 5, 67). This proverb is said to have originated in the attempts of the Calders of Cawdor to bells. When the Campbells were attacked in rescue their heiress Muriel from the Campthe heights of Strathnairn, their leader exhorted his men to resist to the death, for it See the story in the 'History of the Roses of was a far cry to their distant home in Argyle. Kilravock,' p. 195. D. M. R. STOP-PRESS EDITIONS (9th S. v. 8).—The Star, No. 5619, dated Friday, 30 Jan., 1807, a newspaper of 4 pp., each of four columns (printed and published by Level Kent, of Canterbury Place, Lambeth, at the Star Office, No. 1, Carey Street; published also at the Star Office, Temple Bar), contains, at the bottom of the second column of p. 3, the words “The Evening Star," followed by information concerning the war between Russia and France, including details of a Russian victory which appear to have been partly derived from “a Denmark Mail. Arrived this morning." In the middle of the fourth column (p. 3) I find the words "Second Edition," followed by twenty lines devoted to the war, the informa tion being derived from “various accounts received this morning." Then follows (in the same column): pieces are from one continuous poem in the MS. without division or separate heading, and the first part of the poem 'De Aris,' commencing with the words Hanc aulam Domini,' precedes the poem "Third Edition. Star Office. Four o'clock. WeDe Basilica.'" again stop the Press [the italics are mine] to announce, that a Messenger is just arrived from St. Petersburgh to the Russian Minister, with dispatches, which state, that half the French Army were immolated on the twenty-ninth ult. above are the precise words of the official dispatch The to the Russian Ambassador." G. E. WEARE. Weston-super-Mare. 'De Basilica' must have been written between the death of Caedwalla, 20 April, 689, and that of St. Aldhelm, 25 May, 709. with Glastonbury, but the lines There is nothing in the poem to connect it Fratres concordi laudemus voce tonantem, Cantibus et crebris conclamet turba sororum, and also Et lector lectrixve volumina sacra resolvat, Taltarum, a SURNAME (9th S. v. 28).—It would be interesting to know how the name clearly show that Bugga's minster was a is written in the original MS. record of the double house of men and women like Whitby famous case. May not the termination rum and Barking. If the first part of De Aris,' be the modern expanded form of the semicolon used to indicate an abbreviation? In tutela Mariæ," is really the beginning of 'De commencing "Hanc aulam Domini servat this way Sarum as a name of a place arose from the misreading of sa; or sar; the abbre-dedicated to the Blessed Virgin, a conclusion Basilica,' Bugga's church must have been viation used for Saresbiria. The name Sarum at full length was first used, so far as I have been able to discover, in the latter part of the sixteenth century. Taltarum may thus be a misreading of an abbreviation of some name beginning with Talta. A. R. MALDEN. Salisbury. For the explanation of this name, see Mr. F. W. Maitland in the Law Quarterly Review, vol. ix. (1893), p. 1, and Mr. G. J. Turner, ibid, vol. xii. (1896), p. 301. Mr. Maitland shows that the fourth letter of the name is k or e, not t. Mr. Turner gives further explanations, and concludes that the true name is Talcarne or Talcarn. According to him, Tolcarn is a place and family name in Cornwall. Taltarum's was a Cornish case. C. PRESERVATION OF SILK BANNERS (9th S. iv. 459, 523).-The modern plan is to encase the banners in muslin or some sort of oiled net. Any varnish or medium applied to the silk would only cause it to crack. E. E. COPE. ALTARS AT GLASTONBURY (9th S. iv. 498).— The poem of St. Aldhelm, 'De Basilica edificata a Bugge filia Regis Angliæ,' will be found on pp. 115-17 of Dr. Giles's edition of the works of St. Aldhelm, and 'Poema de Aris Beatæ Mariæ et Duodecim Apostolis dedicatis' follows on pp. 118-28. Concerning these Dr. Giles writes in his preface, p. viii : "The poems 'De Basilica' and 'De Aris' are published among the works of Rhabanus Maurus and Alcuin; but Mai restores the former to Aldhelm in his 'Classici Auctores,' vol. v., on the authority of a MS. in the Vatican, adding a note that the other also belongs to Aldhelm. This opinion is confirmed by the authority of MS. 8318 (Bib. Reg., Paris), which also contains another fragment now first published; but all these three which is supported by the allusions in the Banwell Vicarage. No. 17, FLEET STREET: MRS. SALMON'S WAXWORKS (9th S. iv. 378, 395, 481, 543).—I have in my possession the late Mr. T. C. Noble's MS. collections for a history of Fleet Street, the most important portions of which were incorporated in his 'Memorials of Temple Bar,' of which I also have the author's own copy, with additional notes. Considering the historic importance of the house, the information given in this book regarding No. 17, Fleet Street is far from satisfactory. The additional data which have been furnished by MR. JOHN HEBB in these columns are therefore extremely valuable. interesting to know something further reIt would be garding the establishment of Mrs. Salmon's Waxwork Exhibition. In the Spectator for 2 April, 1711, No. 28, Addison says:— Mrs. Salmon to have lived at the Sign of the Trout; "It would have been ridiculous for the Ingenious for which Reason she has erected before her House the Figure of the Fish that is her Name-sake." Further allusions are made to this ingenious lady in the numbers for 5 April, 1711, No. 31, and for 20 Oct., 1714, No. 609, and it is evident that the waxworks were then a well-known and popular exhibition. MR. MACMICHAEL follows Thornbury ('Old and New London,' i. 45) in supposing that Mrs. Salmon survived till 1812. If a lady who was "going strong "and he there mentions a number of buildings erected in that reign. No such name as John Bennett appears in the list of members of the Inner Temple (printed 1873) till 1647. in 1711 were hale enough to carry on her exhibition for over a hundred years, she would have afforded a more wonderful sight than any waxwork figure in her show. Mrs. Salmon, of course, died long before the waxworks came to 17, Fleet Street, though her name was still attached to the exhibition, just as people still talk of going to "Madame Tussaud's," and the lady whose decease took place in 1812 was her latest successor, Mrs. Clarke. W. F. PRIDEAUX. 66 Inner Temple. Parliament held on 10 June, 8 James I., A.D. 1610, before Andrew Gray, Ralph Radcliffe, Hugh Hare, George Wylde, John Hare, Richard Brownelowe, William Towse, Edward Prideaux, and others. George Croke, treasurer. "Whereas John Bennett, one of the King's sergeants-at-arms, has petitioned that the Inner Temple Gate, in some vacation after a reading, may be stopped up for a month or six weeks in order that it may be rebuilt, together with his house called the Prince's Arms adjoining to and over the said gate and lane, and that he may 'jettie over the gate towards the street. Which building over the gate and lane will be in length from the street backwards 19 feet upon the ground besides the jettie' towards the street, which will be 2 feet 4 inches besides the window. And in consideration of the same being granted the said Bennett promised to raise the gate and walls thereof to be in height 11 feet and in breadth 9 feet, and to make the sanie according to a plot under his hand, to make the gates new (he being allowed the old gates), and he will pave the street against the said house and gate." —' Calendar of Inner Temple Records,' vol. ii. p. 51. This settles conclusively the date of the erection; it must be left to your readers to decide how far it bears out the suggestion that Inigo Jones was, or might have been, the architect. Mr. Pitt Lewis, Q.C., in his 'History of the Temple' (p. 79), says: "James's patent was granted in August, 1609 (6 Jac. I.). Tanfield Court had been erected 20 Hen. VIII., but with this exception the Inner Temple had no buildings of importance nor gateway into the Strand. In 1610 a gateway was opened (a Sergeant Benet being the treasurer who undertook the work) into Fleet Street." But he gives no authority for his statements, and from the former extract it is clear that in 1610 George Croke was treasurer, and that a gate was then already in existence; while Mr. Inderwick, Q.C., treasurer of the Inner Temple in 1898, says in his introduction to vol. i. of the 'Inner Temple Records' (p. lxxiii): "The progress of buildings in the Temple, which had begun slowly under Henry VII., was continued with vigour under Elizabeth"; I. T. PARRY FAMILY (9th S. iv. 398, 448).-William Parry, of Dulwich, was a merchant of Aldermanbury, and was succeeded in the business by his son William, of the Cedars, Sunninghill, who died 1826, aged sixty-three, leaving many descendants. J. H. PARRY. There were Parrys both in North and South Wales. If their coat of arms could be ascertained it would decide to which branch they in Berkshire and other counties. belonged. Some branches of the Parrys lived E. E. COPE. OLIVER CROMWELL AND MUSIC (9th S. iii. 341, 417, 491; iv. 151, 189, 276, 310, 401, 499; v. 9).-Some points in MR. CUMMINGS's last letter require a reply before I conclude. I music printed from the Magdalen College am sorry I misdescribed the ancient organ MS., but it nevertheless helps to prove my case. Specimens of these absurdly florid accompaniments are given in Grove's 'Dictionary of Music and Musicians,' art. ment.' The statement that they were not inAccompanitended for practical use is a pure assumption without a particle of evidence to support it. The simpler versions also existing, perhaps for less skilful executants, contain the outer parts with figures for the harmonies, which the organist filled up in the style he king's Musica Deo Sacra' (1668) is also thus thought proper, plainly or ornately. Tomaccompanied, if I recollect rightly. MR. CUMMINGS asserts that there are no organ accompaniments in the Mulliner MS., or that there is no organ accompaniment to the vocal music. All I can say is that I have ments from it; they are to Latin plain-songs, copied several specimens of organ accompanias the MS. dates from about 1560. There are many more in Redford's MS. (Addit. MS. 29,996). By a strange coincidence, almost at the moment I read MR. CUMMINGS's reference to the Mulliner MS., I received a letter from Germany requesting a detailed account of its contents for Eitner's 'Quellenlexikon.' The contention of MR. CUMMINGS that congregational psalm-singing was practised in churches before the Civil War is beside the question. No one denies it, and he will find from T. Edwards's 'Gangræna' (1646) that the bishops put this singing down in some places. The point I maintain is that congregational psalm-singing was not (except at York) accompanied by the organ, which was reserved for ceremonial uses. We learn this not only from Mace, but also from Pepys, who had never heard the effect of an organ with the congregational singing even seven years after the Restoration, and went specially to Hackney to hear this extraordinary novelty. Their testimony is undeniable. MR. CUMMINGS Would not answer me in the matter of "German singing-ornamentation"; he will find on reference that I did not discuss it, though I incidentally mentioned the survival of the word Coloratur in vocal music. I spoke of the German florid organplaying, and the Italian and English florid singing. He has apparently not yet examined the reference I gave him ('Harleian Miscellany,' x. 191) concerning organs in taverns. I lay no great stress on it, in spite of the recorded preservation of the organ of Rochester Cathedral in a Greenwich tavern. As a practical organist, he knows (perhaps W. C. B. does not know) that an organ is not "destroyed" by being "pulled down." Witness the organ of Magdalen College, which was pulled down during the Commonwealth, set up by Cromwell's command in Hampton Court, pulled down again after the Restoration, set up in the college once more, pulled down a third time in 1737, and set up in Tewkesbury Abbey; and it is not destroyed even now. The lists of music published during the reign of Charles I. and the Commonwealth may be seen in my 'History of English Music,' pp. 263, 274-6; cf. Burney's History of Music, iii. 402-21. I may also recommend to MR. CUMMINGS's notice Freeman's Exeter' and Kitchin's 'Winchester' (in the "Historic Towns" series), which will show him how little Ryves's 'Mercurius Rusticus' is to be depended on. The allusion to Exeter in my list of organs really destroyed should be corrected by Freeman's Exeter,' p. 208; for Durham Cathedral, see this month's Musical Times, p. 86. As this discussion has lasted several months and is getting into technical matters, I suggest that it should be adjourned to one of the meetings of the Musical Association; in any case, I shall soon exhibit there specimens of organ accompaniments from the sixteenth century to the eighteenth. Some will be taken from the Mulliner MS. I have more to say concerning Cromwell, but it does not touch specifically upon 'Croinwell and Music.' I therefore at present simply reaffirm all my original communication (9th S. iii. 341), as I cannot see that either W. C. B. or MR. CUMMINGS has succeeded in shaking a single point which I advanced therein. Should MR. CUMMINGS continue the discussion, I ask him to quote me accurately. H. DAVEY. THE ENGLISH MILE (9th S. iv. 497).-The English statute mile was defined by an Act passed in the thirty-fifth year of Queen Elizabeth's reign, as consisting of "8 furlongs of 40 perches of 16 feet each=1,760 yards of 3 feet each." Why this particular measurement should have been chosen I cannot say. However, it is clear that the anomalies that prevailed before the passing of the Act made its acceptance general at once, to say nothing of the legal obligation, which was very severe in Tudor times. The earliest reference in contemporary literature which I have been able to find to the subject is in an extremely curious book entitled 'A Concordancie of Yeares,' by Arthur Hopton, gentleman, who was the Whitaker of his time. In the edition enlarged by Iohn Penkethman, and published in 1635, I read as follows, p. 165 :— he "Also an English mile is 8 furlong, 88 scores, 320 pearches, 1056 paces, 1408 elles, 1760 yards, 5280 feet, 63360 inches, 190080 Barley cornes, as you may see more at large in my Geodeticall Staffe, lib. 2.” These are Hopton's own words, for he is the author of the book named, which was printed in 1610, and "dedicated to the right honourable the Lord Treasurer," as himself tells us in the volume from which I have quoted. His 'Concordancie' was given to the press five years later, with a dedication to "The right honourable, Sir Edward Coke, Knight, Lord Chiefe Iustice of England," and commendatory Latin verses by Robert Broughton and the famous John Selden, both members of the Society of the Inner Temple. Broughton's verses, twelve in number, are acrostic ("Arthur Hopton "), and very well describe the character of the book. But Selden's fourteen lines furnish the most convincing proof of the pedantry of the age that I have ever seen, and show him to be the most pedantic of pedants. There is nothing comparable to them, even in Robert Burton's Anatomy,' and that is saying a good deal. They fill three pages, four lines on the first, two on the second, and eight on the third, and are buried in a mass of notes in very small type, with innumerable references in the margin, ranging from the Homeric Batrachomyomachia' to Camden's 'Britannia.' It is an extraordinary production, but very characteristic of that wonderful period. It reminds us of certain 'editions of the classics published in the early part of the seventeenth century, wherein it is almost difficult |