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unable to see this book, I shall be pleased to send him all the information relating to the family he is interested in on receipt of a postcard. I may add that when the parish of St. Mildred, Poultry, was united with that of St. Olave, Old Jewry, the bodies contained in the church and churchyard were reinterred in the City of London Cemetery, Ilford. CHARLES H. CROUCH.

Nightingale Lane, Wanstead.

ALDGATE AND WHITECHAPEL (9th S. iv. 168, 269, 385, 441).--The passage from Hermann that COL. PRIDEAUX asks me to print is somewhat too long for these columns. It is an account of the wanderings of Egelwine, a monk of Bury, with the relics of St. Edmund, in consequence of the raid of Thurkill into East Anglia in the time of King Æthelred (c. 1010). After a stay in Essex the monk comes to London, where he proceeds "a via, quæ Anglice dicitur Ealsegate," to St. Gregory's Church (near St. Paul's). Although there is no clear evidence as to the identity of this with Aldgate, the probabilities are very strongly in favour of such identification, since Aldgate was the natural entrance into London from Essex, whereas Aldersgate is an unlikely one.

With regard to the form Algata in 1125, I do not think much weight can be laid upon it. The later forms show clearly that there was a vowel between the and the g, and it is impossible to set aside their evidence. Fortunately there is contemporary evidence that at the time of the grant referred to by COL. PRIDEAUX the form was Alegata, not Algata. The former is the spelling in the confirmation by Henry I. of this very grant. It is printed, with a facsimile of the original charter, in the new Foedera, i. 12. Mr. Coote, I presume, must have quoted this Algata from a later copy, not from the original grant.

W. H. STEVENSON.

AN UNCLAIMED POEM OF BEN JONSON (9th S. iv. 491). This claim is not new; it was made by W. R. Chetwood in 'Memoirs of the Life and Writings of Ben. Jonson, Esq.,' Dublin, 1756. The poem is there quoted on pp. 40, 41, with the prefatory comment: There were innumerable Poems on the Death of this much lamented Prince; but we shall only give the Reader the following one by our Author, not printed in his Works." Gifford, in his edition of Jonson, rejected this ascription, and did not even quote the poem; in a note on Underwoods,' xxxiii., he

·

says:

"Chetwood has an Epitaph on prince Henry, which he ascribes to Jonson, and which the reader may perhaps expect to find in a collection of his

works. I have little confidence in this writer, who seldom mentions his authorities; and, to say the in the composition itself, which appears to be truth, can discover nothing of our author's manner patched up from different poems, and is therefore omitted; though I have thought it right to mention the circumstance."

On the question of authorship MR. CURRY thinks there "cannot be the least doubt." There is considerable doubt. The two points in favour of its being the work of Jonson are that Camden quotes it and that it recalls some of the poet's epitaphs. I do not think that these considerations outweigh the silence of the 1616 folio, and I utterly fail to grasp MR. CURRY'S argument that Jonson may have omitted it because Camden printed it. It is certainly strange that amid the flood of poetic tears showered on Prince Henry's grave we have no tribute from Jonson; but it is far stranger that, if he did write such a poem, he suppressed it, considering the prince's rank and character and his patronage of the poet, and considering the compliment paid by Camden. Jonson was not apt to hide his light under a bushel; I can imagine him saying, as Browning did to his would-be reviser F. T. Palgrave, "Leave out anything! Certainly not: quod scripsi, scripsi

It is news to me as a serious student of Jonson to read that his fame is not founded on his comedies. Milton thought otherwise, as he took care to indicate in a graceful tribute to "Jonson's learned sock"; Coleridge ranked The Alchemist,' for perfection of plot, with the Edipus Tyrannus Dickens admired 'Every Man in his Humour, and even got it acted. And it sadly overshoots the mark to give even to a selection of Jonson's lyrics the sounding epithets "unapproached and almost unapproachable." That might be said of "Full fathom five thy father lies," or "Take, oh take those lips away," but the bird-like melody of the perfect lyric was beyond Jonson's reach, however exquisite detached passages and a few brief pieces may be.

As a purely minor point, I may note that MR. CURRY is not well advised in supporting a theory of Jonsonian authorship by an appeal to the epitaph on the Countess of Pembroke. There are reasons--not perhaps convincing, but serious reasons-for ascribing that poem to William Browne; and it is uncritical, in solving a question of authorship, to lay any stress upon a disputed poem.

PERCY SIMPSON.

"NEWSPAPER" (8th S. vi. 508; vii. 112, 237, 432; ix. 294).-In my continued search for the earliest use of this word, which at the

first reference I traced to 1680, I have been able to put it back ten years. In the 'Domestic State Papers of Charles II.' in the Record Office (vol. cclxxviii., No. 148) is a letter dated from Chester, 10 Sept., 1670, from "Ma. Anderton" to Charles Perrott, clerk to Williamson, Arlington's secretary, in which he says:

"I wanted y newes paper for Monday last past & I assure you I had rather been wthout it 3 moneths before than mist of it in yo Assize time.”

The fashion in which the term is here employed would seem to indicate familiar

use.

ALFRED F. ROBBINS.

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INSTRUMENTAL CHOIR (7th S. xii. 347, 416, 469; 8th S. i. 195, 336, 498; ii. 15; 9th S. ii. 513; iii. 178; iv. 12, 74, 445).-Has the fine specimen of a barrel-organ (used in a church) belonging to Salt, near Stafford, been chronicled in N. & Q.' It was in situ and in excellent order in 1879, and is probably there still. It was supplanted in regular use by a modern organ, but was carefully preserved by the then vicar, the Rev. W. Vincent.

W. H. QUARRELL.

CARDINAL NEWMAN AND N. & Q.' (9th S. iv. 498). Cardinal Newman's letter was originally addressed to the Guardian, and appeared in that publication 25 Feb., 1880, but was reproduced in 'N. & Q.,' 6th S. i. 232. MR. MARSHALL'S previous query, of more than nine years ago, will be found in 7th S. x. 174. EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

71, Brecknock Road.

"MARY HAD A LITTLE LAMB" (9th S. iv. 499). -Curiously, this question is almost simultaneous with the publication of the answer in the Pittsburgh Dispatch, a paper from which I obtain many items of curious literary information. The Dispatch says that the "Mary" in question was Mary Elizabeth Sawyer, a Massachusetts girl. The lamb was one of two deserted by their mother. One of the lambs "followed her to school one day," and on "that morning a young student named Rawlston was a visitor to the school......a few days later he handed Mary the first three verses of the poem. He died soon after, ignorant of the immortality of his verses. The lamb lived for many years, and was finally killed by a cow. Mary's mother made its wool into stockings, which eventually became "yellow with age." Finally, Mary

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ravelled the stockings, stuck pieces of the yarn on cards, with attestations of their history, and "sold them to secure money to help to save the Old South Church of Boston." This does not give the date of publication, nor does the Dispatch give its authority for any part of the statement. H. SNOWDEN WARD.

The Athenæum of 31 May, 1879, reported the death of Mrs. Hale, once a voluminous Genius of Oblivion, and other Original writer, author of a volume of verse, 'The Poems,' so long ago as 1823. According to an extract from an American paper made shortly after her death, Mrs. Sarah Josepha Hale, the editor of 'Godey's Lady's Book,' resided at Boston in 1830, when and where the poem in question was first published.

EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

71, Brecknock Road.

"HOODOCK" (9th S. iv. 517).-This word is undoubtedly difficult, and the suggestion offered in the supplement to Jamieson seems to meet the difficulty fairly well. There is no doubt that "hoody " signifies carrion-crow, but it remains to be proved that "hoodock is the same word or a word akin to it. All that can be said is that, till something better is offered as an explanation, "hoodock," in the line

The harpy, hoodock, purse-proud race, may signify "like a 'hoody,' or carrion-crow, foul and greedy." Robert Chambers, who was not without experience in such things, glosses the word as miserly" in his 'Works of Burns,' 1851, repeating this in the library edition of 1857. Scott Douglas follows Chambers, 'Works of Burns,' ii. 29.

THOMAS BAYNE.

THE FUTURE OF BOOKS AND BOOKMEN (9th S. iv. 476).--In one of his 'Roundabout Papers,' viz., 'The Last Sketch,' Thackeray, it will be remembered, cheers his heart with similar hopeful speculations :-

"Some day our spirits may be permitted to walk in galleries of fancies more wondrous and beautiful than any achieved works which at present we see, and our minds to behold and delight in masterpieces which poets' and artists' minds have fathered and conceived only."

St. Petersburg.

H. E. M.

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Had Dodd only lived long enough he would have seen all he had propounded coming literally to pass, for even now I have before me the draft of a Bill to come shortly before Parliament, for a Purfleet and Gravesend Railway, reviving again the old idea of that tunnel.

MR. MARSHALL would scarcely dare to dub Brunel, the engineer of that once famous Thames Tunnel between Wapping and Rotherhithe, as a man of ideas only, though we all know what a failure it proved as completed. Water was constantly pumped out, only to keep the tunnel open as a curiosity, or as a new wonder of the world, and the best use that could be found for it was to convert it into a bazaar for the sale of children's toys, giving it an appearance not unlike the present Burlington Arcade, except that in 1843, the anniversary of the opening, the directors varied the scene by the holding of a three days' fancy fair, the "Wizard of the North" performing, as did a troop of Ethiopian minstrels and bands of music, with "myriads of variegated lamps." It is to-day simply a part of a long dark tunnel of the East London Railway Company, and people have forgotten its very existence as the old Thames Tunnel.

Then, in referring to the Thames and Medway Canal, MR. MARSHALL appears to be altogether unaware that Dodd's scheme of 1800 became an absolute fact accomplished in 1824. A part of that canal is the present tunnel, two miles long, under the chalk hills between Strood and Higham. In those days, before railways were, a tunnel of two miles long was rather a big affair.

upon

But the tide of time brought railways to the fore, and the iron horse laid its hoof the route, as it did on many a canal trust. It is not generally known now that one of the earliest iron roads for locomotives ever constructed was that between Strood and Gravesend, now swallowed up, like the Thames Tunnel at Wapping, in railway monopoly, by the present amalgamated SouthEastern and Chatham and Dover systems. Trains used to run then on a single line, laid upon the towing-path, side by side with barges in friendly commune.

in front of Darlington Railway Station, and labelled "S. & D. R., No. 1," with the record as to how it had trailed its trains of coaches and waggons in 1825 at the unheard-of rate of twelve miles an hour.

There are, I fear, folks in Gravesend to-day who would tell you that the present SouthEastern Railway has rather gone back than improved upon those promising times.

Without daring to dispute such statement, I would be more inclined to blame the people of Gravesend, where the names of Dodd and such as he are ignored and forgotten. Gravesend ought to have given him a statue. Like the great Homer, he asked for bread, and they might at least have given him a stone. This port of London has had, in its time, chances of progress almost before any other place in the world, and even still has if its people would but awaken and see. But its pioneers are laughed at, and their theories dubbed as fairy tales. It is the regressionists only now who can find a way to the fore, and Gravesend sleeps, in the very gateway of the great market of the world, a very slightly disturbed sleep, and snores. CHARLES COBHAM, F.S.I. The Shrubbery, Gravesend.

CHILD'S BOOK (9th S. iv. 499).-The lines "Mama, why mayn't I when I dine," will be found in Mrs. Turner's Cautionary Stories,' to be had at any bookseller's.

GERALD PONSONBY.

"NEFS" (9th S. iv. 457).—I have not seen any of the "nefs," or silver models of ships, mentioned by A. R. P., but such things must have been fairly common in countries where the feudal system held its own. In the Middle Ages, for instance, vessels of huge dimensions and shaped like a ship were placed before the feudal lord, containing wines, spices, sauces, spoons, and such-like appurtenances of the dinner-table. Similar articles appear to have been used by the kings of France, and Francis I. is said on one occasion to have been extremely vexed with the Protestants because they were in the habit of slipping a note into the "nef" in which the king's meal was served. These luxuries were sometimes of gold as well as of silver, and were mounted on tigers, or adorned at either end with angels or peacocks displaying their tails. A favourite ornament would be a number of escutcheons on which were shown the arms of France. T. P. ARMSTRONG.

Happening to have been present at Darlington, at the great Railway Jubilee Exhibition in 1875, I could not but notice then, among relics of the past, a quaint old locomotive, lent by the South-Eastern Railway Company, which had apparently in its heyday run over this very line. It was exhibited in company with George Stephenson's "Locomotion," that magnificent piece of machinery, for this occasion removed from its honoured pedestal enfermait le couvert du roi, et qui se servait sur un

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Timperley.

"Petite machine en forme de navire où l'on

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Thirty-seven years ago a very similar question appeared in N. & Q.' (3rd S. ii.), and as I have unsuccessfully searched for the word in a dozen dictionaries, both ancient and modern, I think I am justified in transcribing the remarks of the Editor and the reply of an anonymous correspondent for the benefit of your readers of the present day. At p. 129:

"The nef is described in Labarte's ' Handbook of the Arts of the Middle Ages and Renaissance-a book which, on account of the value of its information and the beauty of its illustrations, should accompany every visitor to the interesting Exhibition at South Kensington. At p. 226 we are told a nef is 'the piece of plate in which the nobility of those days displayed the greatest luxury.' 'The nef was a kind of box in the form of a ship, which was placed upon the table of a sovereign or great person; it had a lock to it, and served to contain the goblet and various other utensils for the owner's private use. Descriptions of several of these splendid specimens of medieval luxury are given by Labarte." At p. 198:

pictures of Court and city life, and have been much used by historians and memoir-writers. See 'Strafford Letters,' i. 165, 174, 205, 225, 434, 446, 462, 467, 489, 505, 509, 523; ii. 1, 55, 242, 260, 265, 335, 357, 361, 372, 389, 412, 72, 85, 114, 128, 140, 147, 152, 164, 179, 351.

He obtained the Mastership of the Charterhouse, March, 1638, through the influence of Wentworth with Archbishop Laud (Laud's 'Works,' vol. vii. p. 132 note).

While the matter was still pending, the archbishop wrote about Garrard (or Garrat as he calls him) to the Deputy :

"For Mr. Garrat you write handsomely. I make as little doubt as your Lordship of his honesty in his place. I have known him long, but whether good company (which he likes well) will let him be as vigilant for the thrift, and careful for the govern ment of that house as is requisite, I am not infinitely confident. He hath been with me since I received your letters, and I have given him a fair and true answer, and perhaps may do more than so. I have also declared to him how much he is bound unto you. For myself, he never came at me, since my living about London, till this winter (1635), then he came first with 110 (Lord Cottington) in his company and 19 (cypher unknown) to boot. Since he hath visited me often, and now I see the cause of his kindness."-Laud's 'Works,' vol. vii. pp. 132-3. In one of his letters Garrard tells us a curious bit of history :

'Mr. Controller Vane's eldest son hath left his

father, his mother, and his country, and that fortune, which his father would have left him here, for conscience sake, gone into New England, there to lead the rest of his days, being about 20 years old. He had abstained 2 years from taking the sacrament in England, because he could get nobody to administer it to him standing. I hear that Sir Nathaniel Rich and Mr. Pym have done him much hurt in their persuasions this way. God forgive them for it, if they be guilty."-'Strafford Letters,' vol. i. p. 463. FRANCESCA.

"A nef was a ship on wheels; of which we have the most irrefragable proof on the seal of Stephen Payn, almoner to King Henry V., of which I enclose an impression for your acceptance. Here we have an ecclesiastic, no doubt Payn himself, bearing an undoubted nef, filled to the brim with coin, the purpose of which is fully explained by the legend: Sigillum officii elemosynarij regis Henrici Quinti Angliæ.' The present Lord High Almoner bears upon his official seal a large ship in full sail, yet few According to the Editor's reply to a know that it is a mere vestigium of the ancient nef. previous query (see 3rd S. vi. 252) this And again, we little thought in our childhood's gentleman was one of Dr. Donne's corredays that the promise of a toy when my ship spondents, and is frequently noticed in in' has meant, from time immemorial, his letters. He was a clergyman, and lived 'when somebody gives me some money." in the Strand, where he EVERARD HOME COLEMAN. a lodger, in which capacity he was assessed forty shillings to the ship money. In 1637 he was chosen Master of the Charterhouse, and was succeeded in the office by Edward Crossett, Esq., in 1650.

comes

71, Brecknock Road.

GARRARD, MASTER OF THE CHARTERHOUSE (9th S. iv. 498).-The Rev. George Garrard was a London clergyman, temp. Charles I., and he was "intelligencer' to the Lord Deputy Wentworth :

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"He [Wentworth] instructed a gossiping person, a hired retainer of his own, the Rev. Mr. Garrard, to furnish him in monthly packets of news with all the private scandal and rumours, and secret affairs of the Court, and of London generally."-Forster's 'British Statesmen,' vol. ii. p. 290.

Garrard's letters to his patron are curious

was

Peter Cunningham, in his 'Handbook of London,' describes him as "the gossiping correspondent of the great Lord Strafford." EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

71, Brecknock Road.

VENN: MOUNTFORD (9th S. iv. 497).—In the 'Dictionary of National Biography 'there is a life of the Rev. Henry Venn, who died 1797 and

was buried in the old church, Clapham-also Border': "Touching the hilt of a warrior's lives of his son John, rector of Clapham sword was regarded as an acknowledgment (whose daughter Jane was the mother of Mr. of subjection." The reference is to an incident Leslie Stephen and his brother Sir James at the Court of Harald Harfager of Norway, Fitzjames Stephen); and of his grandson, who, by accident, so took a gift-sword from Prebendary Henry Venn, of St. John's, the ambassador of King Adelstein in 925 A.D. Holloway, who died 18 January, 1873. Readers of Mr. Kipling will remember a similar incident narrated in one of his stories (I think it is in 'The Back of the Beyond'), where an Indian chief touches the hilt of a British colonel's sword - also in token of loyalty. Can any of your readers adduce other instances, or in any way show some link between these identical rites, so widely separate in time and place? J. H. C.

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I cannot find a Lord Mountford. Probably MR. ASHLEY-COOPER means Henry Bromley, Lord Montfort. Short biographies of this nobleman, his ancestors and descendants, will be found in peerages of the time, notably the New Peerage,' 1778, &c., and Collins's, 1779, &c. He was born 20 August, 1705; succeeded to the paternal and maternal estates on the death of his father John Bromley, October, 1718; married Frances, daughter of Thomas Wyndham and sister and sole heir of Sir Francis Wyndham, of Trent, co. Somerset, Bart., by whom he had a son Thomas, born 1733, and a daughter Frances, who married, 1747, the Hon. Charles S. Cadogan, afterwards first Earl of Cadogan. The said Henry Bromley was M.P. for Cambridgeshire in the Parliaments of 1727 and 1734. Created Lord Montfort, Baron of Horseheath, Cambridgeshire, 9 May, 1741. He died 1 January, 1755, and was buried in Trinity Chapel, South Audley Street, London. Succeeded by his son Thomas, second Lord Montfort. Peerage extinct 1851.

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DOUBLE-NAME SIGNATURES FOR PEERS (9th S. iv. 399, 487, 529).-Lord Lytton, in his 'What will he do with It?' says, when speaking of the family of his hero Guy Darrell, and of the intended marriage of his daughter and heiress with the Marquis of Montfort:

"It was an euthanasia for the old Knightly race to die into a House that was an institution in the empire, and revive phoenix-like in a line of peers whose quarterings they would annex to their own, who might perpetuate the name of the Heiress and sign themselves Darrell Montfort."

F. E. R. POLLARD-URQUHART. Craigston Castle, Turriff, N.B.

Lord Byron, when he married, prefixed the name of his wife's family to his title, and signed his name "Noel Byron." I suppose that, when his wife dropped him, he dropped

her name.

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E. YARDLEY.

LINCOLNSHIRE SAYINGS (9th S. iv. 478).— "As black as the devil's nutting-bag" is a saying by no means confined to Lincolnshire. It is, at least, a Berkshire and Somersetshire phrase, the allusion being to the devil's use of a nuthook as a catchpole or bailiff, and to the necessarily sable hue of the devil's appurtenJ. HOLDEN MACMICHAEL.

ances.

The Rev. John Venn wrote the life of his father, and a selection from his letters was "ELIXIR VITE" IN FICTION (9th S. iv. 187, published with it. The seventh edition was 257).-Add the Cagliostro scene in Dumas's printed in 1853. The editions of 'The Com-Queen's Necklace. I believe the scene is pleat Duty of Man' issued in 1838, 1839, and lifted bodily from somewhere else, but cannot 1859 contain a memoir of the author, Mr. trace it. EDWARD H. MARSHALL, M.A. Venn.

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Hastings.

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