persuaded the New York Indians to open a negociation with the American government for a settlement in the North-West Territory. That territory is of immense extent, and was then inhabited principally by Indians almost wholly unacquainted with either the benefits or the corruptions of European civilization. This district was considered by Dr. Morse, even at a period so recent, to be sufficiently remote from the settlements of white men, particularly as the great lakes intervened, and formed its boundary. In consequence of this advice which was given in the pure spirit of benevolence, the New York tribes undertook the proposed negociation, by the success of which they hoped to be enabled to withdraw themselves from their restricted, painful, and actually destructive situation; and to secure a retreat, to which they might convey their families, and enjoy, with the Christian religion, to which they are piously devoted, the rights denied them among a people who so proudly boast of their own freedom. The rev. Mr. Williams himself, an Indian by birth, highly intellectual, the priest and chief of his tribe, negociated, under the authority of the president of the United States, with the tribes of the North-West district. A treaty was made, in which the government of the United States became a party, and the New York Indians immediately began their removal. "A new and interesting field of Indian society and of Indian empire," says Mr. Colton, "remote from the encroachments and defended from the incursions of the white man, and under all the improvements of civilization and advantages of Christianity, opened before them. The government of the United States was pledged to maintain the engagements be. tween the tribes themselves, to defend their rights against the cupidity of citizens from the States, and to lend all convenient aid in promoting their general improvement. It was, indeed, an interesting and a hopeful vision." To the Indians of the state of New York, who had so long felt their existence entangled amid the existences of the strangers, the invaders of their native soil, who had actually rendered them, the original possessors, the strangers upon it; to these unhappy people it seemed like taking possession of some long foretold, some long desired land of promise!' They began to establish themselves in their new settlements with emotions of joy, and mutual congratulations, under the guidance of their rev. chieftain, Mr. Williams, who ventured to encourage himself to believe, that the fondest wish of his heart was about to be accomplished. With humility, but with confidence, he ventured to take to his

breast the assurance, that his people would now have a locality, where, undisturbed, they might become a Christian nation, and might gradually adapt themselves to that knowledge of which they had received the rudiments, and of which they had in some degree, cultivated the habits. This was, indeed, an exhilarating prospect to a man in his interesting position; to an Indian of benevolent heart and comprehensive mind; a warm patriot, a zealous Christian. it not a prospect, in itself, for its own beauty and philanthropy, even without reference to the engagement respecting it, in which the American republic had placed itself, worthy of being fostered, and, by every possible means, realized, by the government of a great and liberal confederacy of independent states?

Was

But what has been the result of these expectations? Is it possible that a prospect of such promise, to the injured and long-suffer. ing Indian, should have been clouded and destroyed, and that by a free and mighty people, who are indebted to these very Indians for the land on which they have raised their greatness? Alas, the North-West Ter. ritory, where the New York Indians had taken, as they hoped, their permanent abode, became, in a very few years, desirable for the white settlers from the eastern states. The peninsula of Michigan, lying near Lake Huron, rapidly became the resort of a white population, sufficiently numerous to aspire to a rank among the states of the Union. Already have the pre-emption companies begun, in anticipation of the farther removal of the Indians, to calculate the value of the lands on which those unhappy beings, with exertions thus paralyzed in the midst of their newly founded hopes, have scarcely had time to settle themselves; and already have the white intruders, according to their customary practice, fomented quarrels between the peaceable tribes from New York, and the less cultivated tribes of that district, in order to facilitate and hasten their removal. "Commissions of investigation," says Mr. Colton, “clothed with authority to institute new and final arrangements, have been sent upon the ground, which disregarded and trampled upon the rights of the Indians, and their reports and recommendations have been respected. And now, another president and a new administration have come to power, whose avowed policy is, to remove all the Indian tribes west of the Mississippi; and who are using all possible endeavours to accomplish it!"

It is impossible to read this narrative, without perceiving, in the destiny of the North American Indians, something awful,

and, if possible, more inhuman and infamous than in that of the negroes themselves. To these last, England has, however tardily, opened the gate of civilized society, and offered the wages of independent labour; but the American Indian is thrust from the limits of civilization, and is forbidden to rest his foot upon its borders: he is not a slave, but is persecuted and driven from vale to vale, from hill to hill, from desert to desert: he is not compelled to toil for another, but he is deprived of all means of procuring food for himself: he is not in chains, but he has no home-a vast continent is before him, but destruction and death are behind him, and on every side of him! Dr. Morse, when he formed the

plan on which the New York Indians acted, had higher and more philanthropic ideas. He sought to save the Indians from extermination, and actually to connect them politically with the United States. There is, indeed, no other means of saving that people from total and certain, although protracted, destruction; and, as the question involves the fate of other people in other colonies, there needs no apology for concluding this slight essay, upon a subject so important in point of religion and humanity, with a short passage from Dr. Morse's Report to Congress.

"The expectation is, that a great part of the Stockbridge Indians, with numbers of the St. Regis tribe, of the Six Nations, of the Munsees, Nanticokes, Delawares, and others, in the course of the next season, 1822, will emigrate, and plant themselves on this purchase (in the North-West Territory, which had been made pursuant to the Doctor's recommendation.) Should this take place, a colony will be formed at once, and a current to it created; and should its foundations be broad, and laid with wisdom, there is little doubt of its gradual increase. Should the plan be popular with the Indians, (and the prospect is, that it will be,) a large colony, enough perhaps to form a territory, or a State, may be ultimately collected here, educated together, and received into the Union, and to the enjoyment of the privileges of citizens.

"Let regulations be made to prohibit the introduction of white settlers within the limits of this territory-that is, within limits bounded south by Illinois, east by Michigan, north by Superior, and west by the Mississippi. Let this territory be reserved exclusively for Indians, in which to make the proposed experiment of gathering into one body as many of the scattered and other Indians, as may choose to settle there to be educated, become citizens,

and, in due time, to be admitted to all the privileges common to other territories and states of the Union. Such a course would probably save the Indians."

MEDICAL REFORM ASSOCIATION.

We are requested by the Committee of the above Association, to give publicity to the following notice.—

PRIZE ESSAYS,-Proposed by the Medical Reform Association, for the three best Essays on the following subject-three prizes are offered :

Subject.—“ On the present state of the Medical Science and Practice in the United

Kingdom, and the most advisable and efficient mode of promoting the advancement and the improvement of both, in all their branches."

"For the best essay will be awarded the sum of £50 sterling: for the second, the sum of £30 for the third, the sum of £20.

Conditions.-1. The competition is open to all persons, whether of the medical profession or not, and the award will be made in public. 2. The essays are to be written in the English, French, or Latin languages, and these only. 3. They must be transBloomsbury, London, on mitted to Dr. Epps, 89, Great Russell-street, or before the

1st day of March, 1834. 4. They must be clearly and neatly written, and not in the hand-writing of the author. 5. Each essay is to bear a motto, and to be accompanied by a sealed letter, with a corresponding motto to that inscribed upon the essay. Within the sealed letter must be the name and the place of residence of the author. 6. None of the letters will be opened by those connected with the writers of the successful essays; and the unsuccessful essays will be delivered, upon satisfactory reference by Dr. Epps. The prize essays will be returned to their accredited authors, who may, if they think proper, publish them for their own advantage, or otherwise they will be published by the Association.

Signed, by order of the Association,

JOHN EPPS, M.D. Hon. Sec.

N.B.-One hundred pounds, the amount of the three prizes, are already lodged with the Treasurer, Joseph Hume, Esq. M.P., who, with the other judges, will publicly deliver the several sums, as they shall be awarded to the successful candidates. The names of the other adjudicators will be published at a future and not distant period.

J. E.

In further prosecution of their object they have addressed a circular to all the Universities on the Continent, of which the following is a copy.

GENTLEMEN-The very imperfect and dangerous condition of the healing art, in every portion of the British dominions, has at length arrested a degree of attention, which cannot fail to lead to the most beneficial results. With the view of altering this condition, a most difficult, extensive, and complicated undertaking, the medical corporation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, have already been called upon by the honourable the House of Commons, to furnish the House with all the by-laws, under which the practice of physic is regulated in their respective jurisdictions.

In order still further to promote the desirable objects connected with this undertaking, and to render the medical profession as perfect and useful as possible, several members of the British legislature in conjunction with some eminent medical practitioners, have resolved to call public attention to the defective state of the medical profession throughout this United Kingdom previous to a parliamentary inquiry, which has been agreed to take place in the next session of parliament on that important sub. ject. And, as there cannot exist on their part the slightest doubt of receiving the cordial co-operation of all persons who are engaged in Europe, and in the United States of America, in advancing the interests of medicine, they have not hesitated to apply to you for such information as it may be in your power, and consistent with your early convenience, to furnish.

It is desired to know the nature and the duration of the preliminary education of medical students; the particular branches of knowledge which are considered essentially necessary, as well as those that are collateral and usually studied; and the ordinary expense of such course. The precise curriculum, in which the medical studies are pursued in your university or school, particularly as regards the branches upon which attendance is prescribed to the medical students-the mode in which they obtain qualifications or degrees, (and the nature of these degrees,) to practise the healing art in each of the branches of Pharmacy, Obstetricity, Surgery, and Medicine.

In addition to the above information, the Committee further request to know the number of the medical profession, and the relative numbers of each branch of the profession, and some account of their situation,

both in the eye of the State and of Society. What is the scale of their remuneration for professional services, and whether their fees are recoverable by law? Whether empirics are tolerated, and nostrums permitted to be sold; and, if so, under what regulations! also, what penalties are incurred by those persons who practise without being legally qualified; and by those, who, being qualified, may be convicted of mal-practices! Have you any public body, or persons having authority to examine the quality of drugs in the chemists or apothecaries' shops? Are there any laws or regulations to secure to the sick the advantage of genuine medicines, and that these should be properly compounded?

In conclusion, Gentlemen, should it appear to you that the Committee have been guilty of any omissions in their inquiries, they will feel themselves particularly obliged by your supplying them in your answer, which they shall anxiously expect.

They have further to request, that if this address to you be defective or incorrect, you will impute it to the true cause, the want of proper information, and not to any intentional disrespect.

Please to direct your answer to Dr. Epps, the Honorary Secretary, 89, Great Russellstreet, London, under cover to Viscount Palmerston, Secretary of State for foreign affairs, London, and through the British Minister at

I have the honour to subscribe myself with the highest consideration, Gentlemen, Your obedient humble servant,

EDWARD HARRISON, M.D. Chairman. Holles Street, Cavendish Square.

ANECDOTES.

Egede, the Moravian Missionary.-So late as the year 1734, the small-pox had never made its appearance in Greenland. A young native of the country was the first who brought the infection, on his return from Copenhagen; he died soon after his arrival, and the disease extended through the whole settlement. The inhabitants, unacquainted with the nature of the distemper, knew not what remedy to apply, and had besides few means of relief during the severity of the winter; of course, many of them died. Out of two hundred families that lived within two or three miles of the Danish colony, there were scarcely thirty left: several Danes also perished. Many of the natives, upon discovering the first symptoms of the malady, would apply

sunbeam upon the heart; that of Napoleon with a pendipped in the gloom of earthquake and eclipse.' The dazzling halo that once surrounded the heads of despots and conquerors is now fast fading "into the common light of day;" we are become ashamed of our vulgar adoration; we have taken down our gods from their lofty pedestals; and if we do homage to our fellow-beings in future, it will be to such as elevate the human character and condition-not to the destroyers, but the benefactors of our race.

Medicine Dance of the Indians.-When all the other powers of the healing art have failed, and the patient still declines, the Indian's last resource is to the magic influence of the drum and dance. All the family and near relatives gather in a crowd around the suffering victim; the nearest relative, a mother, a father, a husband or wife, or the eldest child; more commonly a female, when it is convenient, as the tender sex are more susceptible of grief, begins to weep, and sob, and moan aloud, often howling, with expressions of heart-appealing anguish; the drum sets up its meJancholy beat to a dancing jig; the entire circle parade, and move round in solemn order, time-keeping to the summons; the chief mourner sobs and howls; and round they dance, muttering prayers hour after hour, and day after day, till they have drummed and danced and howled the wretched victim into the arms of death. In this extremity all other means, all other medicine, and the common sustenance of nature, are, perhaps, scrupulously withholden. Every thing now depends on the miraculous influence of the charm. The relatives must have faith; the patient must have faith,-all depends on faith. If the patient be an infant, the anxious and agonized mother will every mow and then catch it up in her arms, and dance around the circle, weeping and sadly moaning. If the patient be an adult, and have sufficient strength, it is deemed of great importance that he or she should rise, as often as they are able, and join the dance; and when strength fails, the patient is supported by the arms of relatives. When he is entirely exhausted, he is borne along the dance perfectly passive; and, gradually, as he languishes, the enthusiasm and anxiety rise to a higher pitch; the drum sounds with more earnest beat; the contagion of sobbing and moaning spreads, and becomes universal; the circle is enlarged by an accession of friends and neighbours, who soon catch the sad spirit of the occasion; the noise and tumult aggravate to a storm; and, as might be expected, the patient sinks and expires, under the overwhelming weight of this furious tempest of lugubrious passion-And this is called the medicine-dance. Rarely, the strength of the patient's constitution braves the assault, and he rises and lives notwithstanding; and these instances of recovery prove to a demonstration, in the philosophy of the Indians, the miraculous efficacy of the means.-Colton's Tour of the American Lakes.

Indian Sesquipedalia.-The wild Indians are not bad in managing the few facts which they have in their possession; and they are certainly possessed of unrivalled skill in magnifying trifles and dignifying nothings. They will deliver themselves of the fol lowing sentence, (which, by the bye, is only one word :) Yerensetavakarauge akowa,"-in a manner to astound all one's senses, and raise the highest expectation. And, lo! when it comes to be interpreted, it reads:" the greatest fiddle possible ;" alias, a "church organ," which he had seen in the white man's council house and which he wished to describe to his own people.-Colton's Tour of the American Lakes.

Pontius Pilate.-In the neighbourhood of Vienne, about twenty miles from Lyons, stand the ruins of a tall square Roman tower, called "Tour de Mauconseil." The legends of the country affirm that this was the abode of Pontius Pilate, and that in a fit of despair and frenzy he threw himself from its windows into the Rhone, where he perished.-This point the good Catholics must settle as they can with the Swiss, who maintain that he drowned himself in a little Alpine lake on the mountain which bears his name; and that the storms by which it is frequently agitated are occasioned by the writhings of his perturbed spirit.

The Pyramids.-Mr. Madden, in his speculation on the purposes for which the Pyramids of Egypt were erected, seems to be of opinion, contrary to all who have directed their attention to the subject, that they were not intended as general cemeteries, or, as a depository for the bodies of the sovereigns who raised them, but that they were consecrated to the mysteries of the Egyptian religion, and that the chambers which could throw light on that curious

question are still unexplored. Mr. Madden suppor his theory by some fugenious arguments, and ei presses his astonishment that, amidst all the expe diture lavished on antiquarian research, it meter occurred to any of the learned and opulent of Europe, that the riches of the Pyramids still reman concealed.-Mr. Madden is of opinion that a sm five or six thousand pounds would be, fully adequat to the task of laying open the greatest pyramid, and exploring its most secret recesses.

Anecdote of John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester.—“ Once there happened a sudden rumour among the people. that he should die by a day certain, which fell s indeed, but by mean thereof his cook dressed in that day no dinner, whereof when he missed at s ordinary houre, which was always ten of the clocke he reproved him for the same, asking why he did so. The cooke answered, that he and all others looked f his execution. Well, sayd he. then take this for general rule: make ready my dinner always at y due houre, and if thou see me dead before, then c it thyself If myself be alive, I will never eat one bitt the less."-Harl, M.S. 7047.

Literary Notices.

Just Published.

Part 57 of the National Portrait Gallery, with Me moirs of Admiral Lord Rodney; Muzio Clement and David Wilkie, Esq, R. A.

Part VIII. of a new edition of the National Portra Gallery, with Memoirs of the Duke of York; Adm ral Lord Collingwood; and Thomas Campbell, Esq. Baines's History of Lancashire, Part XXXV. Wilberforce's Practical View of the prevailing Re ligious System of Professed Christians, in the higher and middle Classes in this Country; contrasted wi Real Christianity. With a Memoir of the Author, by the Rev. Thomas Price. 18mo.

Melchisedek. By the Author of Balaam.

Memoir of James Brainard Taylor. By Dr. J. H. and B. H. Rice, of New York.

Sunday Lessons for Little Children; with a Fromtispiece. By Mrs. Barwell.

The Value of Money. By Mrs. Barwell.
The Teacher's Offering for 1833.

The Case of the Dissenters; in a Letter addressed to the Lord Chancellor.

Maund's Botanic Garden, Part 9.

Literary Recreation; or, Scenes from Real Life, By Rev. J. Young, Author of Record of Providence, &c. &c. 1 vol. 12mo.

A Second Edition of the History of the Peninsular War. By Lieut. Col. Leith Hay, M. P. is now pab lished in 2 vols. small 8vo. with 22 Engravings, at 10s. 6d. cloth, boards.

Dupin's Mathematics practically applied to the Useful and Fine Arts, and adapted to the State of the Arts in England. By Dr. Birkbeck.

In the Press.

The Life and Labours of Adam Clarke, L.L. D. to which will be added, an Historical Sketch of the Controversy concerning the Sonship of Christ, parti cularly as connected with the Proceedings of the Wesleyan Methodist Conference.

The Curate of Marsden; or, Pastoral Conversations between a Minister and his Parishioners. By E. & M. Attersoll, authors of "Thomas Martin," "The Contrast," &c.

A new work on Ancient and Modern Egypt, entitled Egypt and Mohammed Ali; or, Travels in the Valley of the Nile. By James Augustus St. John. A new and much improved edition of Clark's In troduction to Heraldry. By Mr. Washbourne.

The Cabinet Annual Register, and Historical, Political, Biographical, and Miscellaneous Chronicle

of 1833.

In Monthly Vols, (uniform with the works of Byron, Scott, &c.) the publication of Hume and Smollett's History of England; with a Continuation from the Accession of George III. to 1835. By the Rev. T. S. Hughes, B. D. Prebendary of Peterborough.

The eleventh edition of Butter's Etymological Spelling Book and Expositor, enlarged.

In two handsome vols. 8vo. a luminous Commentary on the Old and New Testament: with Practical Reflections. By Rev. J. Sutcliffe, A. M.

Taxation and Financial Reform. By R. Torrens, Esq., M.P. F.R.S. 1 vol. 8vo.

A Memoir of Richard Hatch, late Student of the Baptist College, Bristol; interspersed with Select Remains.