Mediation-Act and the castle at Burgdorf which Pestalozzi had hitherto occupied was wanted by the Bernese government, he removed his school to Minchen-Buchsee where the government assigned him a monastery close by Hofwyl, the estate of Fellenberg, who soon came to have a controlling interest in the management of the school. Pestalozzi found the methods of management introduced by Fellenberg so different from his own that, in 1805, he removed his institute to Iferten (Yverdon) in the Canton of Vaud.

MOST GLORIOUS PERIOD OF PESTALOZZI, THE TEACHER.

Teachers were sent to him for instruction. Pupils came to his institute from all countries of the world, even from the United States of North America. His system was formally adopted by the Prussian, and other German governments. Persons of high distinction visited his school, e. g., Senators of France, Rengger, Director of the Swiss republic, princes from Vienna, the duchess of Saxen-Meiningen, Dr. Schlosser, the great German historian, Father Girard, the reformer of the public schools of the Canton Freiburg, earl Capo D'Istria, Russian minister of state, the duke of Wurtemberg, General Kosziusko, Madame Stael etc. The philosopher Fichte highly spoke of public education according to the principles of Pestalozzi. Louisa, the beautiful queen of Prussia, visited often Konigsberg, where director Zeller had organized the schools in the spirit of Pestalozzi; and minister Altenstein directed this letter to Pestalozzi: "Convinced of the great value of the method of teaching you invented, I intend to reform thoroughly the state of the schools of the Prussian provinces, and to dispatch to you two young men whom

you may select yourself, in order that they can draw the principles of your method from the purest source.

DECLINE OF THE INSTITUTE.

But the benefit of the institute did not last long. Several pupils wished to receive a higher education; not all wanted to become teachers; some teachers were not qualified; Pestalozzi himself forgot what he had learned in the university, e. g., the Greek language. Generally, he never possessed the profound knowledge of a scholar, and finally stopped giving any more lessons. The frequent visits of princes and other distinguished guests were also hurtful; for the scholars took more pains for an ostentatious display than in acquiring solid knowledge, and much time was lost by such parades. But from the dissensions of the teachers the most injury arose. Pestalozzi was good-natured, and let them do as they pleased. There were two parties: a Catholic and a Reformed; Smith was at the head of the first, parson Niederer of the other. In 1810 Smith left the institute in anger; in 1815 Niederer, himself, recalled him. The next year sixteen teachers demanded the removal of Smith, and, as Pestalozzi not agreed to it, presented their resignations. The situation of Pestalozzi, after the death of his wife, grew worse and worse. 1817 Nicderer also separated from him, and at last a law-suit was carried on, which lasted several years, and was finally settled by arbitration. The economy of the institute, too, was badly managed. Though the scholars paid a high tuition, Pestalozzi saved nothing.

In

One more assistance was furnished to him by the edition of all his works; large contributions were supplied in his distress; emperor Alexander subscribed 5,000 rubles (3,750 dollars). A charity-school, in which

teachers and educators for poor children got instruction was founded with the principal. But this school also, from the dissensions of the teachers, broke up.

PESTALOZZI'S DEATH.

This was enough for the unhappy old man, he, sick of his life, went to the grave of his wife, and, having founded one charity-school more, died on the Neuhof, the 27th of February, in 1827, being eighty-one years of age. His last works were, "Events of My Life," in which writing he confessed what he had designed, but imperfectly achieved, and his "Song of the Dying Swan." His last words were: "I pardon my enemies; may they now find peace as I enter to the eternal peace! I should have liked to live one month more for the sake of my works; but, on the other hand, I thank the Providence which recalls me from this life."

HIS CHARACTER, EXTEJOR APPEARANCE AND CUSTOMS. Pestalozzi was enthusiastic and full of animation, till his old age, for right and humanity, and was ready to sacrifiee every thing for it. In 1814 he waited on Frederick William III., king of Prussia, in Neufchatel. Though very sick, he went there with his assistant teacher, Ramsauer. He swooned on the road several times. His companion advised him to turn back. Pestalozzi cried: "Keep your peace! Suppose even that I die on my journey, I am plentifully recompensed, if I can effect, by my presence, that only one child can be better instructed." About the same time, he had an audience with Alexander 1. in Basel. His knees shook with fear; the emperor received him courteously; Pestalozzi approached him; Alexander retired to the other corner of the room; Pestalozzi followed, and stretched out the hand to touch him; he seizes his hand, and

would kiss it, but Alexander embraces and kisses him as a father his son.

Pestalozzi was compassionate; he often shared his last florin with a poor man. When he was on the way to have audience with Alexander of Russia, he met before the doors of the city an indigent man who implored his charity; as he had no money, he untied the silver buckles of his shoes, gave them to the destitute, and tied his shoes with straw.

The ex

His temperament was melancholic-choleric. pression of his face showed very different changes in accordance with the emotions which animated him; sometimes it expressed mildness, sometimes pain, sometimes terrible earnestness. The eyes were deeply sunken; the forehead rounded; the voice in various ways modulated; now by soft tones, then by angry sounds of thunder; his walk, sometimes hasty, sometimes pensive; the breast vaulted; the neck big and bent; muscles strong and tight; the body hardly of middle size.

Pestalozzi retained his customs and failings even to old age; there was always the same disorder in his dressing, and in his entire house-keeping. He always dressed poorly, appeared often unwashed, uncombed, unshorn, with the coat wrongly buttoned, the shoes trodden down, the stockings hanging down. Only if he had a distinguished visitor, he wore a dress-coat; but then it happened many times that he went in it even to bed. He slept little, he was awake at two o'clock in the morning, and dictating in his bed, and often he went himself, undressed, for the clerk.

This was Pestalozzi, the greatest German pedagogue of his age. His centennial anniversary was celebrated not only in Switzerland, but in all Germany; on this occasion the Canton Argau decorated his new monu

ment with this inscription: "Here rests Henry Pestalozzi, born in Zurich, in 1746, died in Brugg, in 1827, savior of the poor on Neuhof, in Stanz father of the orphans, in Burgdorf and Minchen Buchsee founder of the new common school, in Iferten educator of mankind; man, Christian, citizen, all for others, nothing for himself. Peace to his ashes! The grateful Argau in 1846." In Germany, they tried to make this jubilee a blessing for future years by founding Pestalozzi institutions. L. BEETHOVEN, FRANCIS SCHUBERT, FRANCIS ABT, AND G. NAEGELI.

My Personal Acquaintauce With The Great Composer.s

When I was a boy, it was my priviledge to be acquainted with two great musicians: L. BEETHOVEN, and FR. SCHUBERT. Perhaps some of my benevolent readers like to read the particulars of my acquaintance. Being, then, ten years old, I had to sing, almost every night in the opera house of Vienna. At that time, in 1813 Beethoven's great opera, "Fidelio," was studied by the musicians of the house. Many rehearsals were necessary. I sang under the direction of Beethoven. He was very particular, to get every note played correctly. So, I remember, the trumpeter had to repeat a solo a hundred times. The representation of the opera was a great success. It was given, in the winter of that year, many times. A musical friend of Beethoven paid him the compliment that his work was excellent, but had one defect, namely, that it was too short. Some years later, Beethoven commenced to compose his world-renowned symphonies. It was at the time of the dethronement of Napoleon I., when the great Congress of Vienna, held its sessions All the highest sovereigns of Europe were, then present in this city. Many festivals were arrang