South Carolina: See A (d), District boards and officers; C (b), Local bonds and indebtedness; N (a), High schools.

South Dakota: See A (d), District boards and officers; A (f), Administrative units districts, etc.; C (b), Local bonds and indebtedness; L (i), Manual and industrial education; N (a), High schools; S (b), Public-school libraries.

Tennessee: See A (cl), County boards; A (d), District boards and officers. Texas: See A (d), District boards and officers; A (f), Administrative unitsdistricts, etc.; C (b), Local bonds and indebtedness; C (c), Local taxation. Utah: See A (d), District boards and officers; A (f), Administrative unitsdistricts, etc.; C (b), Local bonds and indebtedness; N (a), High schools. Vermont: See A (f), Administrative units-districts, etc.

Virginia: See A (b1), State boards; A (f), Administrative units-districts, etc.; B (a), General State finance and support; C (b), Local bonds and indebtedness; H (f), Compulsory attendance.

Washington: Election of district directors shall be held, except as otherwise provided, on first Saturday in March of each year; special elections shall be called and conducted in same manner as annual elections. District clerk shall give due notice of elections. Voting shall be by ballot. Every person, male or female, over 21 years old, who shall have resided in school district for 30 days immediately preceding election and in State for one year, and is otherwise, except as to sex, qualified to vote at any general election, shall be a legal voter at any school election; registration for school elections shall not be required except in districts of first class. Persons having highest number of votes given for each office shall be declared elected, and clerk of election shall deliver to each person so elected a certificate of election. Board of directors may, at its discretion, and shall upon petition of majority of legal voters of district, call special meetings for transaction of certain district business. Regular district election in each district of first class shall be held upon first Saturday of December of each year. Directors shall give due notice of such election. All elections shall be by official ballot. Voters must register. Board of directors shall canvass returns.

See also A (d), District boards and officers; C (b), Local bonds and indebtedness; N (a), High schools.

West Virginia: All special school elections shall conform as nearly as practicable to law as to general elections.

See also A (d), District boards and officers; C (b), Local bonds and indebtedness; N (a), High schools.

Wisconsin: The annual district meeting in all school districts not containing in whole or in part an incorporated city or village shall be held on first Monday in June, unless that be a holiday, in which case held on following day; district board shall, prior to district meeting, prepare a report to submit to meeting; clerk shall give notice of district meeting. Special meetings shall be called by the clerk or other proper officer on written request of five legal voters of district to transact business, except election of officers and voting a tax to compensate clerk, but no more than one meeting to consider same subject shall be held in any one year; no tax or loan debt shall be voted at any special meeting unless three-fourths of voters have been notified, as required by law. Every resident elector of district may vote at any meeting if such

elector has resided in district 30 days preceding any meeting. Every woman who is a citizen of the State, 21 years old or upward (except paupers, persons under guardianship, and persons otherwise barred by constitutional provision), who has resided in State one year and in election district 10 days next preceding school election, may vote at such election; separate ballot boxes shall be provided at all elections for use of women desiring to vote on school matters. Powers of voters at the annual school meeting: To appoint officers of the meeting; adjourn from time to time; choose a director, treasurer, and clerk; designate site for schoolhouse; vote tax for purchasing or leasing site, to build, hire, or purchase a schoolhouse and repair same, purchase supplies and equip schoolhouses; vote tax for payment of teachers' wages; authorize sale of school property no longer needed; levy tax to pay fee to bonding company for indemnifying district against loss; levy tax to discharge indebtedness; vote annual tax not exceeding $75 for purchase of maps, blackboards, and apparatus; vote a tax not exceeding $100 annually for district library, except that district containing less than 200 school children shall vote not more than $50 for such purpose, and no district containing less than 250 population shall levy in any year a tax of more than $500 for any purposes except for school sites, schoolhouses, repairs, fuel, and appendages; authorize district board to borrow money as provided by law; authorize board to admit persons to school over 21 years old, and to admit nonresidents; authorize board to purchase textbooks for schools; determine length of school term, which shall be not less than eight months; provide for prosecution or defense of action in which district is a party; vote tax to compensate treasurer and director; alter or modify proceedings as occasion may require. Electors may at any meeting authorize board to suspend school and pay tuition of such pupils at other schools; may authorize board to arrange for transportation of pupils. No contract or agreement shall be made under this act that shall bind any district for more than three years. The total amount of school-district tax levied in any year in any district for building, hiring, or purchasing any school building, and for maintenance of schools, including teachers' salaries and incidental expenses, shall not exceed 2 per cent of total assessed valuation of taxable property in such district. In any district under supervision of county superintendent in which a high school or a graded school having more than two departments is maintained, annual meeting may levy tax for support of kindergartens for children between ages of 4 and 6 years. Board of education of any city of third or fourth class shall annually certify estimate of cost of kindergartens to city council. Every school district shall at time of annual meeting appoint three competent residents, who are voters, to audit accounts of such district. When a one-room school shall enroll and have in attendance therein for a period of more than 20 days of any one school term 65 or more pupils, district shall provide for an additional room and an additional teacher for such school; any district failing so to do shall forfeit its share of public money coming from the seven-tenths mill tax.

See also A (c1), County boards; A (d), District boards and officers; A (f), Administrative units-districts, etc.; B (e), State aid for elementary education; C (b), Local bonds and indebtedness; H (e), Consolidation of districts, etc.; N (a), High schools; O (c), Trade schools.

Wyoming: See A (d), District boards and officers; A (f), Administrative units-districts, etc.; C (b), Local bonds and indebtedness; C (c), Local taxation; N (a), High schools.

A (f). Administrative units-Districts, Townships, Municipalities, etc.; Formation; Division; Consolidation.

See also H (e), Consolidation of districts.

Alabama: School districts.-County board of education may change boundaries of districts or create new districts upon application and after giving due notice of a hearing to be held; person or persons making application must pay cost of publication of notice; after such change in boundaries is made county superintendent shall file with judge of probate description of new boundaries created; each incorporated city or town shall be a separate district; change of county lines shall not affect district boundaries; county superintendents shall pay over funds due districts to district treasurer.

Townships.-Township lines are abolished for school purposes, but the inhabitants of no township shall be deprived of the proceeds of sixteenth-section lands. Townships are incorporated by the name of "Township (No.), of range (No.)."

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Cities and towns.-Cities and towns shall have power to establish, maintain, and regulate public schools. Board of education in cities of 6,000 population and over: Five members elected by city council; term, five years, one retiring each year; board shall elect a president and a vice president; a clerk, not member of the board, shall be elected; school property shall be held for the public schools and no sale shall be made except by council; board may purchase furniture, apparatus, supplies, etc., and expend money for repairs, etc.; board may erect buildings when sites are provided by council; school board shall estimate amount of money needed for schools and city council shall appropriate from general city funds amount deemed proper; such appropriation, with State fund, poll taxes, proceeds of sale of property and bonds, shall be held by city treasurer as school fund; warrents against school fund shall be drawn by the clerk and countersigned by the president of the board and the city clerk; board shall order warrants by resolution. Powers of board: To have full control of schools; establish, discontinue, or consolidate schools; prescribe courses of study; employ and dismiss superintendent, teachers, and other employees, and fix salaries; expel disobedient pupils. Board shall cause teachers to be examined and shall grant certificates; grant diplomas to graduates of high schools; visit schools as often as once a month; enforce rules and regulations; inquire into performance of duties by teachers and superintendent; report annually to city council. Board shall employ a superintendent and fix his term and salary; superintendent shall give bond; he may be elected celrk of board; clerk shall keep accounts of moneys received and expended; superintendent shall see to taking of school census. School boards in cities and towns of 1,000 to 6,000 population, five members; elected every two years by city council; shall serve without compensation; one member shall be elected president and one secretary; board shall have same authority as boards in cities of 6,000 population or more. School boards in towns of less than 1,000 population: Five members elected by qualified voters; have same authority as city boards.

City districts shall receive their proportion of State funds; paid by State superintendent to city superintendent and by him to city treasurer. The provisions of this chapter shall not apply to cities and towns in counties having a combined city and county school system, but any city may issue bonds for the purchase of sites and erection of schoolhouses; city council

1 Appointed by commissioners in cities under commission form of government.

shall by ordinance provide for the issuance of bonds;1 proceeds shall be turned over to school board and shall be administered under its direction. Cities and towns may establish libraries either separately or in connection with public schools.

See also A (c1), County boards; A (d), District boards and officers; B (e), State aid for elementary education.

Arizona: On petition of parents or guardians of 10 children of school age, residents of the proposed district, a new school district may be formed; on petition of 15 per cent of parents or guardians in a district having 250 schoolcensus children or more, a new district may be formed from part of old district. County superintendent shall annually file with board of supervisors a description of boundaries of districts; when 10 or more qualified school electors, resident of a district, petition county superintendent for a change of district boundaries, such superintendent shall notify board of supervisors, whose decision in the matter shall be final; on petition of a majority of the . electors residing in a subdivision of a city or town, which subdivision lies outside of the school district including such city or town, said subdivision shall be annexed to said district. When 15 per cent of the electors of each of two or more districts petition county superintendent for the consolidation of said districts, said superintendent shall call an election in said districts, and a majority vote in each district shall determine; if vote carries, county superintendent shall call an election to elect three trustees; term of trustees, three years, one being elected each year. All property and funds of constituent districts shall accrue to new district, and indebtedness shall devolve upon new district. No new district formed by subdivision of an old one shall be entitled to any share of the morfeys belonging to old district until a school has actually been commenced in such new district; unless school is started in new district within six months after issuance of order creating such district said order shall be of no effect.

See also N (a), High schools.

Arkansas: Common-school districts.-Each school district shall be a body corporate. The county court may form a new district on petition of a majority of the electors of the districts affected, but no new districts shall have fewer than 35 children of school age, and no old district shall be left with fewer than 35. Indebtedness or surplus funds of an old district shall be divided proportionately between old and new districts.

School directors of two or more districts may, and on petition of 10 per cent of the qualified voters shall, submit to the qualified voters the question of consolidating said districts; majority of voters of district shall determine, Board of directors of consolidated district shall consist of six members, elected by the qualified voters; term, three years, two being elected each year. Powers of directors: To purchase or lease school sites; provide schoolhouses, furniture, and apparatus; make necessary improvements; insure school property; hire necessary teachers, officers, and other employees; provide sufficient graded-school accommodations; determine branches to be taught and textbooks to be used; admit pupils from other districts; procure for pupils living in the district the privilege of attending school in another district and pay the charges therefor; examine county treasurer's accounts with the district; appoint a committee of three to visit schools; sell any property belonging to the consolidated district or to a district merged into the consolidated district. Title to property of constituent districts shall vest in

1 Under constitution the issuance of bonds must be authorized by popular vote.

the consolidated district, which shall be a body corporate; consolidated district shall pay the debts of constituent districts. Board of directors may, when authorized by a majority vote of the electors of the district, contract indebtedness for a "building fund" and levy tax voted by electors to pay said indebtedness. Funds to the credit of constituent districts shall be transferred to consolidated district, and indebtedness of constituent districts shall be charged to consolidated district. Board may provide transportation for pupils. When a majority of the electors of any number of contiguous districts situated in two or more adjoining counties petition the county courts of said counties for the formation of a common-school district, a consolidated district, or a special or single school district, said courts shall order an election to determine the question; a majority vote in each district shall carry the election, but any district voting against the proposition shall not be included in the new district; in the formation of such new district no district shall be reduced to fewer than 35 persons of school age. Boards of directors shall be elected according as the new district is a common school, consolidated, or special or single school district. For administration purposes the new district shall be considered a part of the county from which the greater portion was taken. The amount and kind of tax voted in said district shall be reported to the county clerk of each county in which any part of said district is located, in order that said tax may be levied and collected in each county. School property situated in new district shall vest in said new district. On petition of a majority of the electors of any school district such district may be dissolved by the county court.

Common-school districts shall each have a board of three directors, elected for a term of three years, one each year. Common-school districts shall have no authority to borrow money nor to maintain a school of higher grade than the common-school course. An annual school meeting is held each year on the third Saturday in May, and the electors of the common-school district decide by vote all questions relating to change of school site, new school buildings, or the purchase or sale of school sites.

Special school districts shall each have a board of six school directors, elected for a term of three years, two elected each year. Special district may be formed in towns and cities by a petition of 20 electors to the mayor, who shall call a special election for the formation of a special school district. Special school districts may be formed in any territory not in a town or city by petition to the county judge who is authorized to call election for the formation of said special district. The board of six directors in special school districts have full charge of the school affairs; may buy or sell school property, mortgage the same, or issue bonds for the purpose of erecting a new school building; may designate the branches to be taught, including high-school subjects.

Cities and towns.-Any incorporated city or town and the territory annexed thereto for school purposes may be organized into a single school district. On petition of 20 or more voters of such city or town, the mayor shall call an election to determine question of organizing a single district and to elet six school directors; majority vote shall determine. Annually on the third Saturday in May thereafter an election shall be held to elect two directors, who shall hold office for three years. At such annual election electors shall vote "for tax" or against tax" and indicate the rate. The returns of the election shall be certified to the county clerk, who shall deliver a certificate of election to directors elected. Said clerk shall also certify to county court the tax voted. Board shall fill a vacancy in its membership 3966°-15- -13

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