D (c). Decoration, Care, Sanitation; Inspection; Fire Escapes.

See also J (b), Medical inspection. Arkansas: See A (b1), State boards.

Connecticut: Every building used as a schoolhouse which is two or more stories in height and in which any story actually used or occupied by pupils is 10 or more feet above the adjoining ground shall be provided with at least one fire escape for each 250 pupils or fractional part thereof; but this section shall not apply to two-story buildings having fireproof halls and two or more exits on the ground floor opening out. Chief of fire department of any city or borough and State board of education shall enforce the provisions of this act. Chief of fire department or principal or superintendent of a school may, with approval of any agent of the State board of education, exempt from the provisions of this act any schoolhouse which has two or more ways of egress on the inside.

See also J (a), Health, general.

Delaware: See A (c1), County boards.

Florida: All public school buildings of two or more stories in height shall be provided by county board of education with adequate stairways or fire escapes for use in case of fire. State superintendent shall formulate and prescribe tactics of instruction for fire drills, and each teacher shall instruct pupils in such drills.

Idaho: See A (b1), State boards; A (c2), County officers.

Illinois: See A (d), District boards and officers.

Indiana: See D (a), Buildings and sites, general; J (a), Health, general; J (b), Medical inspection.

Kansas: In all public and private schoolhouses of more than one story doors shall open outward. In such schoolhouses having two or more stories every story above first shall be provided with two or more exits separate from those of lower floor or with fire escapes. In all such schoolhouses furnaces shall be covered with asbestos or masonry. Plans of schoolhouses of two or more stories must have approval of State architect. County superintendent shall annually inspect schoolhouses under his supervision. Mayor or fire marshal shall inspect public and private schoolhouses in cities of second class, and fire marshal shall inspect such buildings in cities of the first class. Monthly fire drills shall be held in public and private schools of over 100 pupils. Louisiana: All doors for ingress and egress to public schoolhouses and of all other buildings of public resort whatever shall be swung so as to open outward. All plans for schoolhouses must have approval of parish (county) superintendent and State superintendent.

See also J (a), Health, general.

Maine: Schoolhouses shall be provided with proper egresses or means of escape from fire; each building with more than one story shall be provided with at least two separate means of egress by inside or outside stairway; stories above first shall be supplied with means of extinguishing fire; specifications herein named shall be met by municipal officers. Doors shall open outward.

Maryland: See A (d), District boards and officers.

Massachusetts: See D (a), Buildings and sites, general; J (b), Medical inspection.

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Michigan: Factory inspectors may condemn unsafe schoolhouses; they may require that schoolhouses two or more stories high be provided with fire escapes.

Minnesota: See A (c2), County officers; A (d), District boards and officers. New Hampshire: See D (a), Buildings and sites, general.

New Jersey: See D (a), Buildings and sites, general; J (a), Health, general. New York: See D (a), Buildings and sites, general; J (b), Medical inspection. North Dakota: See A (d), District boards and officers; J (b), Medical inspection.

Ohio: See D (a), Buildings and sites, general.

Oklahoma: Every school building three or more stories high shall have one or more metallic fire escapes; the number, character, and location of such fire escapes shall be determined by the proper authorities in city or town where such buildings are located; all buildings used for dormitories, schools, or seminaries over two stories high shall have one fire escape for every thirty persons for whom sleeping or living accommodations are provided above the second stories of said buildings. Any violation of this act shall constitute a misdemeanor.

Pennsylvania: See A (b1), State boards; D (a), Buildings and sites, general; J.(b), Medical inspection,

Rhode Island: Every building three or more stories in height, used for educational, factory, or hotel purposes, shall be provided with adequate metallic fire escapes or incumbustible stairs and with proper exits to such escapes or stairs; no obstruction of any kind shall be placed in any passageway leading to any exit or fire escape; all exit doors and windows shall open outward; exit doors and windows shall not be locked during working hours. The proper official shall be admitted to any of said buildings at any time to see that these provisions are carried out.

See also J (b), Medical inspection.

South Carolina: See J (a), Health, general.
South Dakota: See A (c2), County officers.

Texas: No pupil in a classroom or study hall shall sit facing a window; window shall be not lower than 34 feet from the floor and shall extend to within 6 inches of ceiling; window space shall not be less than one-sixth of floor space; main light shall come from left of pupils as they sit; all stoves and other sources of direct heat shall be so jacketed or ventilated that heat at nearest desk shall not be more than 5 degrees greater than at the farthest point of the room; all sources of direct beat shall be equipped with automatic temperature regulators; ventilation of 30 cubic feet of fresh air per pupil per minute shall be provided; interior woodwork shall be free from fleetings, etc., which may catch dust and floors shall with oil be made impervious to water; all buildings of two or more stories shall have at least two widely separated stairways; doors shall open outward; plans of building costing more than $400 shall have approval of county superintendent if for a commonschool district or of district or city superintendent if for an independent district or city; no school funds shall be paid for such building until required approval is secured.

See also J (a), Health, general.

Virginia: It shall be the duty of the owner or owners of all factories, workshops, hotels, schoolhouses, and hospitals over three stories in height, and

theaters and public places of amusement, to provide fire escapes for the same. See also D (b), State aid, approval of plans.

Washington: See I (d), Fire drills.

West Virginia: See J (a), Health, general; J (b), Medical inspection. Wisconsin: Doors of all schoolhouses shall open outward; this provision does not apply to rural schoolhouses of but one story in height. Proper fire escapes shall be provided for schoolhouses. Any person who shall injure any school, State, or other public property shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than six months or by fine not exceeding $100.

See also J (a), Health, general.

D (d). Prohibition Districts.

See also U (b), Wrongs to children.

Connecticut: See J (a), Health, general.

Florida: It shall be unlawful to sell intoxicating liquors within 4 miles of a building used for educational purposes. Exception: Incorporated towns and cities; shall not modify local-option law; manufacturing of domestic wines; hotels having 25 or more rooms; social clubs legally incorporated; localities where liquors are now sold within 500 feet of incorporated towns; saloon in town of 200 or more inhabitants where such saloon is only one within 50 miles. Kentucky: See H (c), School year, month, day, etc. Minnesota: See A (d), District boards and officers. Mississippi: See P (c), State universities and colleges. Missouri: See P (c), State universities and colleges.

Nevada: It shall be unlawful for any house of ill fame to be established within 400 yards of any public school. Any violation of this provision shall be deemed a misdemeanor; any officer of the law neglecting to carry out these provisions shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor in office.

New Hampshire: See D (a), Buildings and sites, general.

New Mexico: See H (c), School year, month, day, etc.

New York: No liquor shall be sold within 200 feet of any church or schoolhouse, except in such places which shall have been established prior to March 23, 1896.

Rhode Island: No license shall be granted for sale of alcoholic liquors in any place, except taverns licensed on May 22, 1908, within 200 feet, measured by any public-traveled way, of the premises of any public or parochial school. South Dakota: No license for the sale of intoxicating liquors shall be granted within one-third of a mile of any college or academy which gives instruction in regular classical and scientific courses.

Washington: No intoxicating liquors shall be sold within 2,000 feet of any normal school, agricultural college, reform school, or State school for defective youth; a violation of this provision shall be deemed a misdemeanor, punishable by fine of not less than $200 nor more than $1,000, or by both fine and imprisonment.

Wisconsin: No license shall be granted for sale of liquor within 300 feet of any school to any saloon established after 1907, unless a school has been built within 300 feet since the saloon was established.

D (e). United States Flag in Schools.

Arizona: School boards shall display the United States flag on or near each schoolhouse during school hours; State superintendent shall prepare a program for a salute to the flag and for the observance of Washington's Birthday, Lincoln's Birthday, Memorial Day, and Flag Day; he may apportion school funds for the expense of patriotic exercises.

California: See A (d), District boards and officers.

Colorado: School boards may provide every school with an American flag, flagstaff, etc.; said flag may be provided for every department of a public school in the State. A State flag is adopted.

Connecticut: See A (d), District boards and officers.

Delaware: See A (c1), County boards.

Idaho: See A (d), District boards and officers.

Illinois: See A (d), District boards and officers.

Indiana: On petition of a majority of the patrons, school boards shall provide a United States flag for each school in their charge; said boards shall cause the flag to be displayed on every schoolhouse while the schools are in session. Iowa: Boards of school directors shall provide a flag for each schoolhouse and cause the same to be displayed thereon during school hours. Kansas: School authorities shall display an American flag on or near each schoolhouse while schools are in session. State superintendent shall prepare a suitable program for saluting the flag and for patriotic exercises, and shall provide for the observance of Lincoln's Birthday, Washington's Birthday, Memorial Day, and Flag Day.

Maine: Municipal officers of cities, towns, and plantations shall furnish United States flags to all public schools.

Massachusetts: The school committee of every city and town shall provide for each schoolhouse a United States flag, and said flag shall be displayed on the schoolhouse or grounds every day when the weather permits and on the inside of the schoolhouse on other days.

Michigan: School boards shall provide a United States flag and cause the same to be displayed on, near, or within each school building.

Montana: See A (d), District boards and officers.

Nevada: See L (a), Course of study.

New Hampshire: School boards shall provide a United States flag for each schoolhouse and shall make rules for the display thereof.

New Jersey: Every board of education shall procure a United States flag and cause the same to be properly displayed on or near public-school building. New Mexico: Boards of directors of the various districts shall provide out of district funds United States flags for school buildings; said flag shall be properly displayed; directors shall establish rules and regulations for the care, custody, and display of the flag.

New York: School authorities of every public school shall purchase and display a United States flag upon or near the school building during school hours and at such other times as they may direct.

North Dakota: Each school board shall provide a United States flag and cause the same to be displayed on the schoolhouse or flagstaff during clement weather.

Ohio: See D (a), Buildings and sites, general.

Oklahoma: See A (b1), State boards.

Oregon: See A (d), District boards and officers.

Pennsylvania: See D (a), Buildings and sites, general.

Rhode Island: See A (d), District boards and officers.

South Carolina: The State flag shall be displayed daily, except in rainy weather, upon one building of the university and each State college and upon every public school building when the school is in session.

South Dakota: School boards may provide a flagpole for the display of the United States flag when public schools are in session; such flag shall be displayed at every public school except in inclement weather.

Utah: Board of education or school trustees of every district shall provide each schoolhouse with a suitable flagpole and cause the American flag to be displayed thereon during daylight hours of every legal holiday, February 12, and Flag Day.

Vermont: School directors or like authorities shall cause a United States flag to be displayed on building or premises of each school during school hours; any person who violates this provision shall be fined not exceeding $10.

Washington: See A (d), District boards and officers.

West Virginia: Board of education may out of building fund purchase United States flags and require same to be displayed over schoolhouses while school is in session.

Wisconsin: See A (d), District boards and officers.

Wyoming: Board of trustees shall while schools are in session cause American flag to be displayed on every schoolhouse or on a flagstaff belonging thereto.

E. THE EXAMINATION AND CERTIFICATION OF TEACHERS.

(a) Teachers: Qualifications, General.

See also E (b), Teachers' certificates, general.

Alabama: See E (b), Teachers' certificates, general; G (d), Teachers' institutes and summer schools.

Arizona: See A (b1), State boards; A (c2), County officers; E (b), Teachers' certificates, general.

Arkansas: See A (b2), State officers; A (c2), County officers; A (f), Administrative units-districts, etc.; E (e), Recognition of normal and college diplomas.

California: In every city of the first, second, or third class, and in every city and county there may be a board of examiners; such shall be composed of superintendent and four experienced teachers elected by board of education and holding office four years; meetings held annually and at the call of superintendent. Powers and duties: To make rules and regulations for its own government; examine applicants and grant grammar school certificates and special certificates; revoke certificates for cause; grant certificates without examination, in same manner as county boards; holders of city or city and county certificates shall be entitled to teach in territory in district in which certificate is granted, and when elected shall be dismissed only for