training department shall be the feeble-minded and imbecile children of the higher grades who are capable of receiving instruction and training; inmates of asylum department shall be the feeble-minded and idiotic children of the lower grade who are not capable of instruction and training and the female adults; adult females shall be separated from other classes; inmates may be transferred from training department to asylum department, or vice versa, when advisable; all feeble-minded persons under age of 16 years, all feeble-minded persons received upon full payment of maintenance, and all feeble-minded female adults committed thereto, shall be received at said institution. State board shall appoint superintendent for said institution; said superintendent shall appoint all employees of said institution, their salaries to be fixed by State board. The physical, manual, and literary training in said institution shall be of practical nature; school work and recreation shall be adapted to promote comfort and happiness; no severe punishment shall be administered, and discipline shall be that of kindness. Nonresident persons may be admitted upon payment of fees fixed by State board. Those in control of feeble-minded children shall, when financially able. pay for instruction and maintenance of such children at said institution, or as much thereof as is possible; indigent feeble-minded children shall be supported by the county of residence at said institution. Feeble-minded female adults shall be admitted to said institution upon commitment by the courts. Oregon: The State institution for the feeble-minded shall be governed by the State board of control, consisting of the governor, secretary of state, and treasurer. It shall be used for the care and training of such feeble-minded, idiotic, epileptic, and defective persons as may be committed thereto. Parent or guardian of such person may apply for admission to either the superintendent or the county court; if parent or guardian is unable to pay cost of transportation of such person, the county shall pay the same. Board shall appoint a superintendent, who shall, with approval of board, appoint officers, teachers, and other employees. Board shall fix sum to be paid by parent or guardian, but not to exceed $40 for each inmate. All feeble-minded persons resident of the State who are of suitable age and capacity may be admitted; also all idiotic and epileptic persons resident of the State for at least one year. Parent or guardian shall pay traveling expenses of child and amount fixed by board for support, but if parent or guardian is unable to pay the same, county shall pay traveling expenses.

Pennsylvania: The State institution for feeble-minded and epileptic of eastern Pennsylvania shall be devoted to the care, maintenance, treatment, training, and education of epileptic, idiotic, imbecile, or feeble-minded persons of both sexes; for male patients especial attention shall be given to agricultural training. The said institution shall be controlled by a board of nine trustees appointed by the governor by and with the consent of the senate; three trustees shall be appointed each year, term, three years; said trustees shall serve without compensation; said board of trustees a corporate body. Persons under 20 years old may be admitted; inoffensive persons over 20 years old may be admitted. The State institution for feeble-minded of western Pennsylvania shall be controlled by a board of nine trustees, appointed by the governor with the consent of the senate, three appointed each year, to serve three years; said trustees shall serve without compensation; said board a body corporate. (General provisions are same as for similar institution of eastern Pennsylvania.)

See also A (d), District boards and officers; H (f), Compulsory attend

ance.

Rhode Island: State board of education shall have control of Rhode Island School for the Feeble-minded; board shall appoint officers, teachers, and employees, prescribe their duties, and fix their salaries. There shall be two departments in said school, instructional and custodial. Said board may gratuitously receive, maintain, and educate indigent feeble-minded children of the State, but other residents and nonresidents shall pay such charges as board may make. Applications for admission must be made in writing, and shall be signed by two practicing physicians to the effect that applicants are feeble-minded. Feeble-minded persons may be committed to said school by the district court. State board shall make annual report to the legislature. See also A (b1), State boards; T (b), Schools for the deaf.

South Dakota: See U (e), Schools for dependents and delinquents. Utah: The State mental hospital shall care for insane persons; shall also care for feeble-minded and noninsane epileptics capable of mental improvement residing in the State; shall furnish them medical treatment, seclusion, rest, restraint, amusement, occupation, schooling, manual training, and support. Application for admission of such persons shall be made to superintendent of the hospital.

Vermont: Vermont School for Feeble-minded Children is established for benefit of mentally defective children between 5 and 21 years old, and shall be under control of board of trustees consisting of governor, ex officio, and four other persons appointed by the governor, two apponted biennially, to serve four years. Powers and duties: To make annual report to governor, hold at least four stated meetings each year, visit and inspect said institution at least twice a year, receive any moneys given to said institution, make needed rules and regulations, employ and fix compensation of employees, receive indigent children into school free of charge. Said board shall receive no compensation, but shall be allowed expenses. Children shall be admitted in following order: (1) Such children as are supported at Vermont Industrial School; (2) indigent feeble-minded children; (3) such children as are able to pay for instruction and maintenance. Application for commitment shall be made by parent, guardian, or selectmen to judge of probate; such child must be examined by two reputable physicians before being committed to said school.

See also T (b), Schools for the deaf. Washington: State Institution for the Feeble-minded shall be under direction of State board of control and shall be supported by the State. Said institution shall be free to residents of State under 21 years of age who are feebleminded, idiotic, or epileptic, or who are physically defective to such extent as to prevent attendance at public schools, if such persons are free from contagious diseases. Admission to said institution may be applied for by parents, guardian, officer in charge of any institution or asylum where children are cared for, county superintendent, board of county commissioners, or juvenile courts under order of commitment. Children from other States may be admitted to said institution on condition that parents or guardians pay cost of maintenance and instruction. School district clerks shall annually report names and addresses of feeble-minded youth under 21 years old to county superintendents, who shall transmit such information to county commissioners, State board of control, and to superintendent of the State Institution for the Feeble-minded. Application for admission to said school shall be, except when committed by the court, through the county superintendent. Parents or guardian of such youth, when application is accepted, shall send such youth to said school. Such youth who are indigent shall be sent to said

school at expense of county. Inmates arriving at age of 21 years who are unfit to be discharged may be retained in said school by order of the superior court of competent jurisdiction. Adult feeble-minded persons under 50 years of age under certain conditions may be admitted to said school. Inmates in said school shall be detained until they are in normal condition or until they can be properly cared for elsewhere. Parents or guardian may enter a child in said school under tuition fee, subject to regulations of board of control. Clothing of inmates shall be a charge against the parents, guardian, or estate of such inmates, except in cases of indigency, when the same shall be a State charge. Future construction of buildings shall be fireproof as far as possible; buildings shall be in two groups for each sex, one for the educational and industrial department and one for the custodial department. School term of said school shall begin on September 1 and end on following June 1 of each year; agricultural and manual training and instruction in allied subjects shall be given in said school. The violation of any provision of this act shall constitute a misdemeanor.

Wisconsin: The State home for the feeble-minded shall be under control of the State board of control. Object of said home shall be to care for, have custody and training of feeble-minded, epileptic, and idiotic persons; such persons must be examined before being committed by the several courts to said home; all residents of State so committed shall be received free of charge; county of residence shall pay $1.75 per week for each such person committed and $30 per year for clothing; relatives, friends, or guardians may pay expenses of inmates. Said home shall be divided into following departments: Custodial for helpless and lower types; school department; such other departments as may be needed. Trades and manual industries shall be taught. All persons confined in any charitable, reformatory, or penal institution may, if found to be feeble-minded, be transferred to said home. If said home shall be filled to its capacity, board may transfer any of inmates to county asylum of county in which such person last resided. Superintendent may have post mortem examination made of the brain of any inmate. Superintendent may, with consent of board, discharge inmates. Commitment to said home shall be by the county judge. The county may recover cost of maintenance of any person at said home from the estate of such person. Provisions herein made shall likewise govern the southern home for feeble-minded and epileptic. See also A (b1), State boards.

Wyoming: The Wyoming Home for the Feeble-minded and Epileptic is estab lished near the town of Lander; State board of charities and reform shall control. All feeble-minded and epileptic persons over 6 years old who are residents of the State may be admitted; where persons liable for inmate are financially able they shall bear expense of such inmate. County commissioners shall cause to be committed proper persons.

T (f). Tuberculous Children.

Indiana: See D (a), Buildings and sites, general.

Ohio: See A (f), Administrative units-districts, etc.

Rhode Island: The school committee of any city or town may provide openair schools for children who are physically unfit for instruction in the ordinary schools and may furnish necessary medical attention, food, supplies, etc.

U. WELFARE Of dependentS AND DELINQUENTS.

(a) General.

U (b). Wrongs to Children.

See also H (g), Child labor.

Arizona: Misdemeanor-to sell, give, or otherwise dispose of intoxicating liquors to minors; to sell, give, or otherwise dispose of cigars, cigarettes, or tobacco in any other form to a minor under 18 years old; to use profane or obscene language in the presence or hearing of a woman or minor; to sell or give firearms to a minor under 14 years old; for parent or other person to insult or abuse a teacher in the presence of the school; to disturb any public or school meeting.

California: Misdemeanor to sell or otherwise furnish intoxicating liquor to minors under 18 years old or for a proprietor to permit a minor under 18 years old to enter a place where such liquor is sold.

Unlawful to sell or otherwise furnish tobacco in any form to a minor under 18 years old; fines range from a minimum of $25 for first offense to a maximum of $300 and 6 months' imprisonment for the third and subsequent offenses.

Colorado: Misdemeanor to sell or give cigarettes to a minor under 16 years old; any person convicted of selling or giving tobacco in any form to a minor under 16 years old without the written order of the father or guardian shall be fined not less than $5 nor more than $100.

Florida: It is a misdemeanor to allow a person under 21 years old to enter a pool or billiard room.

Iowa: Boards of directors shall make rules and regulations prohibiting the use of tobacco by pupils of the public schools.

Kansas: Misdemeanor to sell or give away cigarettes or cigarette papers, or to have the same in any store or other place for sale or free distribution; misdemeanor for a minor to smoke or use cigarettes, cigars, or tobacco in any form in a public place.

Massachusetts: Whoever imports, prints, publishes, sells, or distributes a book, pamphlet, ballad, printed paper, or other thing containing obscene, indecent, or impure language, or manifestly tending to corrupt the morals of youth, or an obscene, indecent, or impure print, picture, figure, or description, or introduces into a family or school the same, or has in his possession the same, shall be punished by imprisonment for not more than two years and by a fine of not less than $100 nor more than $1,000.

Minnesota: See A (d), District boards and officers.

Missouri: It is a misdemeanor to sell, give, or otherwise dispose of cigarettes or cigarette material to a minor under 18 years old. No minor between 10 and 18 years old shall smoke or use cigarettes in any public place.

Nebraska: Whoever, being a minor under 18 years of age, shall use tobacco in any form whatever shall be fined not exceeding $10, but such minor shall be free from prosecution when he shall have furnished evidence for the con

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viction of any person or persons selling or giving him such tobacco. Whoever shall furnish in any way whatever tobacco in any form to a minor under 18 years old shall be fined for each offense not less than $20 nor more than $50, or be imprisoned from 10 to 50 days. It shall be unlawful to manufacture or furnish any of the component parts of cigarettes. Contagious diseases shall be quarantined and cared for, and buildings occupied by persons suffering from contagious diseases shall be properly disinfected.

Nevada: It shall be a misdemeanor for any person to detain, beat, whip, or otherwise interfere with attendance of any child upon the public schools, or on his way to or from school, against the will of such pupil. It shall be a misdemeanor for any person to disturb the peace of any public school by using vile or indecent language or by threatening or assaulting any pupil or teacher within school grounds; for purpose of this act school grounds shall extend 50 yards in every direction from school building.

New Hampshire: See U (e), Schools for dependents and delinquents. New Mexico: Minors under 18 years old are prohibited from attending. frequenting, or loitering about any pool room; the owners of pool rooms who shall permit any such minors to attend, frequent, or loiter around said pool rooms shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. It shall be unlawful for any person to sell or give to any minor under 18 years old any intoxicating liquor or tobacco in any form without the written consent of the parent or guardian of such minor; no person owning or conducting any establishment where liquor and tobacco are sold shall permit such minor to engage in any game of chance therein; no proprietor or manager of a saloon or gambling establishment shall permit any minor to frequent or loiter around such places; a printed copy of this law shall be kept posted in saloons and gambling establishments. Pennsylvania: Any person who shall furnish to a minor any cigarette or cigarette paper shall be guilty of a misdemeanor; any minor being in possession of a cigarette or cigarette paper and who shall refuse to disclose to any properly constituted authority the source from which the same was obtained shall be guilty of a misdemeanor.

Tennessee: See R (b), Corporations of educational character.

West Virginia: It shall be unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation to manufacture cigarettes or cigarette papers, or to furnish cigarettes, cigarette paper, cigars, pipe, or tobacco in any form to any person under 21 years old; no person under age of 21 years shall smoke or have about his person or premises any cigarette or cigarette paper. No person shall smoke or use cigarettes in school buildings or on school grounds.

Wisconsin: Every person under age of 16 years who shall smoke or use cigarettes, cigars, or tobacco in any public place, except when in company of a parent or guardian, shall be fined not more than $10 or imprisoned for not exceeding 30 days. No person shall allow such minor to use tobacco in any form, except in presence of parent or guardian, on premises of such person. See also I (c), Suspension and expulsion.

Wyoming: It is unlawful to exhibit any child under 14 years old as a public entertainer, except in churches, schools, "respectable entertainments," and in learning music. Misdemeanor to permit any minor under 18 years old in a brothel or where an indecent exhibition is given. Unlawful to endanger the life or health of a child. Unlawful to sell cigarettes, liquor, or tobacco to minor under 16 years old.