Inmates may, when deemed wise, be transferred to house of correction; may be placed in private homes. Said school shall be in parental relation to inmates. See also U (c), Juvenile courts. Virginia: A public school is established on the grounds of the Prison Association of Virginia, at Laurel, for the instruction of boys and youths confined therein. Said school shall be under control of State board of education, except that discipline shall be under control of association; pupils shall attend at least three hours each school day, but association may require longer hours. State appropriates $1,000 annually to pay teachers. A public school is established on the grounds of the Negro Reformatory Association of Virginia, in Hanover County, for the instruction of boys and youths in that institution; said school shall be under the control of the State board of education, except that discipline shall be under control of association. Pupils shall attend at least three hours each school day. The sum of $600 is annually appropriated for the payment of teachers. Washington: Parental or truant schools may be established and maintained in cities of 50,000 inhabitants or more for purpose of confinement, discipline, instruction, and maintenance of truant and incorrigible children, committed thereto. No such school shall be located more than 10 miles from the city so establishing it, and such school shall not be located near a penal institution. Directors may employ a superintendent and subordinates for such school, prescribe course of instruction, and shall have such other powers as are prescribed by law for management of public schools. No religious instruction shall be given in such school, but religious services may be held therein. Commitment shall be by the court upon petition of truant officer or of any reputable citizen of the community; no child shall be committed to such school who has been convicted of an offense punishable by confinement in any penal institution. Upon receipt of petition clerk of court shall order sheriff of county to bring such child before the court; court may commit child to such school until he or she arrives at age of 14 years unless sooner discharged. Parent or guardian shall furnish clothing for children committed to such school; if parent or guardian shall fail to furnish clothing, directors may furnish same and may take action against such parent or guardian to recover cost of same. Board of directors may parole inmates of such school, but no child shall be paroled within four weeks from time of commitment. Principal or teacher shall make monthly reports to superintendent of said school relative to such children who are paroled. The court may transfer any incorrigible child in such school to some reformatory institution. Reform school at Chehalis shall be known as the Washington State Training School. State board of control shall have management of said school; said board shall appoint a superintendent for said school, to hold office during pleasure of board. Said superintendent shall appoint assistants and employees of said school, the number of same to be determined by said board. Purposes of said school shall be the keeping and reformation of all youths between ages of 8 and 18 years, residents of State, committed thereto by the proper court. All branches taught in first eight grades of public schools shall be taught in said school; inmates shall be taught and trained in morality, temperance, frugality, and instructed in suitable trades. When a boy of sane mind between ages of 8 and 16 years, or a girl of sane mind between ages of 8 and 18 years, shall be found guilty of any crime except murder, manslaughter, or highway robbery, or is neglected or incorrigible, or has been expelled from a public school, the court may commit such child to said school. The State training school shall be under control of the State board of control. Purpose of said school shall be the keeping and reformation of boys between ages of 8 and 18 years, residents of the State, committed thereto by the court. Said board shall appoint a superintendent, who shall have immediate control of said school, and who shall, with consent of said board, appoint subordinates; said superintendent shall give bond in sum of $5,000. Public-school branches shall be taught in said school; also morality, temperance, and frugality, and instruction in trades and vocations shall be given. Said superintendent shall make annual report to said board. The control and management of the State school for girls shall be vested in the State board of control; said board shall, with approval of the gorernor, appoint and fix salaries of a superintendent and subordinates and make and enforce rules and regulations; the superintendent and all subordinate officers shall be women; if a married woman be appointed to any position in said school, her husband may, with consent of the board, reside at the institution and may be assigned such duties as board may determine. Superintendent shall give bond. Said superintendent shall have immediate control and management of said school. Any girl more than 10 and under 18 years old, if found delinquent, may be committed to said school by the court, there to remain until 21 years old unless paroled or discharged. Board of control, acting with superintendent of school, shall arrange a system of marks whereby an inmate may be paroled or discharged. Every girl shall be entitled to a parole of at least one year before reaching the age of 21 years. No girl shall be received into said school who is not of sound mind or who is physically unfit for discipline of said school. Board of control shall arrange for transportation of girls to and from school. Only teachers shall be employed in said school who have been certified by State board of education; instruction shall be in common-school branches and in trades and vocational occupations. Inmates may be apprenticed under certain conditions and may receive part of their earnings. See also B (e), State aid for elementary education; H (f), Compulsory attendance; U (c), Juvenile courts. West Virginia: West Virginia Industrial School for Boys shall be under control of State board of control; governor shall, by and with advice and consent of the senate, appoint a superintendent for said school, who shall appoint officers, teachers, and employees for same; salaries of all persons employed in said school shall be fixed by said board. Any boy under 18 years old and not under 10 years old may be committed to said school by a justice of the peace upon complaint of the person in parental relation to such boy or of some other person to effect that said boy is delinquent; any such boy convicted of a felony or misdemeanor punishable by imprisonment may be committed by the court to said school; any such boy likewise convicted in the courts of the United States for district of West Virginia may be received into said school; boys so committed shall remain until 21 years old unless sooner discharged or bound out as apprentices. In all proceedings before justices of the peace for commitment of minors to said school justice shall appoint some person guardian ad litem for said minor. White and colored inmates of said school shall be kept separate. With the consent of an inmate, the board of control may bind him out as an apprentice to learn some trade. Any inmate committed for an offense punishable by imprisonment may, when his presence is detrimental to said school, be transferred to the penitentiary. Any person who interferes with the control of inmates in said school shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable by fine of not less than $10 nor more than $100 or not more than 12 months' imprisonment, or both. County shall pay trans portation of boys to and from said school. County court of each county shall pay into State treasury $50 per year for each boy committed to said school from such county; when parents or guardians voluntarily request commitment of boys, they shall, if able, pay expenses of such boys at said school. Superintendent of said school shall annually report list of inmates to State auditor. Inmates may be paroled. The West Virginia Home for Girls shall be under control of State board of control; said board shall appoint a superintendent for said home, who shall appoint all officers and employees; salaries of such officers and employees shall be fixed by said board; all officers and employees shall be women. Girls shall be received in said home who are committed thereto by justices of the peace or by any court of the State, if between ages of 7 and 18 years; any such girl convicted of a misdemeanor or felony punishable by imprisonment may be, in discretion of the judge, committed to said home; every girl committed to said school shall remain there until 21 years old unless sooner discharged. A guardian ad litem shall be appointed for each such girl during action for commitment. Said home shall be primarily for care and reformation of girls; white and colored inmates shall be held separate as far as practicable. Inmates may be bound out as apprentices to reputable persons for purposes of learning some trade; masters shall send such apprentices to free schools at least five months each year; any wages earned by such apprentices shall be kept by board and turned over to such girls upon reaching age of 21 years, or sooner if they marry. For cruelty or inhuman treatment of such apprentice the master shall be fined not less than $10 nor more than $100 and may in addition be confined in jail not to exceed 90 days. Any person who interferes with the control of such girls shall be fined not less than $5 nor more than $25. See also A (b1), State boards. Wisconsin: State public school shall be under control of the State board of control; object of said school shall be to care for and educate physically, mentally, and morally dependent or neglected children placed in said school. "Dependent child" and "neglected child" are defined in the law; said terms apply to certain minors under 16 years old. "Delinquent child" is defined in the law; said term applies to certain boys under age of 17 years and to certain girls under 18 years old. Judges of the courts of record in each county shall designate one of their number to act as judge of juvenile court; juvenile court shall be a separate branch of the court. Judges of courts of record in counties having over 150,000 population shall biennially appoint four or more probation officers of the juvenile court, one such officer to be a woman; in other counties one or more probation officers shall be appointed; county board shall fix compensation of probation officers; probation officers may be removed from office for cause. Any person interested may demand a jury of six in trial of any juvenile case. Court may appoint special probation offiThe probation officer shall become conversant with conditions surrounding the child; shall report to chief probation officer. Chief probation officer shall attend juvenile court and assist at session thereof. Probation officers shall have police powers. Any reputable citizen being a resident in the county may petition the clerk of the court relative to minors apparently neglected, dependent, or delinquent; upon receipt of such petition the parent, guardian, or custodian of such child shall be summoned to appear in court with such child; court may commit such child to some suitable institution or to care of a suitable association, person, or probation officer; such child when needing medical attention may be placed in a public hospital or institution when no charge is made against the public treasury. Appeal from decision cers. of juvenile court may be made to the supreme court. Cases coming under this act may be transferred from the justice court to the juvenile court. No child under 14 years old shall be confined in any jail or police station, but may be given into the charge of the proper officer; no child under 16 years old shall be confined with adult criminals. Judge of juvenile court may appoint a board of six inhabitants, who shall serve without compensation, to constitute a board of visitation; said board shall, at least once each year, visit institutions, associations, and societies receiving such children. Children under 14 years old of sound body and mind may be received into the State public school; preference shall be given to children under 12 years old and to dependent and indigent orphan children of deceased soldiers and sailors of the State; children so received shall remain until 16 years old, and for longer time if advisable; such children may be discharged from such school for good cause; such children may be placed in suitable homes; crippled or deformed children capable of receiving instruction may be received into said school. The wishes of parents or guardians shall be considered in selecting the institution to which dependent or neglected children are committed. Children in the State public school shall be educated in the branches usually taught in common schools. State board of control is made legal guardian of children committed to said school. Under certain conditions dependent children may be given State aid; under certain conditions parents, guardians, or custodians may be given State aid for such children. Superintendent of said school shall make a biennial report to State board of control. State board of control may consent to the adoption of any inmate of said school by a suitable person. Wisconsin Industrial School for Boys shall be place of confinement and instruction of all male children between ages of 8 and 16 years committed thereto as vagrants, or on conviction of any criminal offense, or for incorrigible or vicious conduct. Said school shall be under control of State board of control; inmates may be discharged by said board when deemed advisable. The county of residence of each inmate shall pay cost of maintenance of such inmate at rate of $1 per week each. Said board shall make necessary rules and regulations; shall cause inmates to be instructed in branches of useful knowledge; may bind inmates out with their consent or consent of parents or guardians. Religious opinions of inmates shall not be interfered with. Board shall appoint officers, teachers, and employees for said school. Under certain conditions boys between ages of 16 and 18 years may be ceived in said school. Commitment shall be for period until 21 years old; child must be given a hearing before being committed. See also A (b1), State boards. Wyoming: The district court may commit to the custody and guardianship of the house of refuge or reform or industrial school of any State where provision is made for such persons any child or children under 16 years old who may have been convicted of any offense except homicide. State board of charities and reform may contract with a house of refuge or correction for caring for delinquent children; State shall pay expenses not to exceed $4 per week. When a child under 14 years old is brought before a court of competent jurisdiction for commitment to the reform school, such court shall give notice to incorporated or other society doing active work in placing children in family homes and, if society is willing to accept such child, court may commit child to custody of such society. If society declines to accept child or if society becomes unable to exercise proper restraint, court may commit child to reform school. APPENDIX A. STATE CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS RELATING TO PUBLIC EDUCATION. ALABAMA. ART. IV, SEC. 73. No appropriation shall be made to any charitable or educational institution not under the absolute control of the State, other than normal schools established by law for the professional training of teachers for the public schools of the State, except by a vote of two-thirds of all members elected to each house. * SEC. 91. The legislature shall not tax ** lots 1 mile or more distant from such cities or towns, to the extent of 5 acres, with the buildings thereon, when same are used exclusively for religious worship, for schools, or for purposes purely charitable. SEC. 104. The legislature shall not pass a special, private or local law in any of the following cases: * * (17). Authorizing any county, city, town, village, district, or other political subdivision of a county, to issue bonds or other securities unless the issuance of said bonds or other securities shall have been authorized before the enactment of such local or special law, by a vote of the duly qualified electors of such county, township, city, town, village, district, or other political subdivision of a county, at an election held for such purpose, in the manner that may be prescribed by law: Provided, The legislature may without such election pass special laws to refund bonds issued before the date of the ratification of this constitution; * ** ART. V, SEC. 112. The executive department shall consist of a governor, lieutenant governor, attorney general, State auditor, secretary of state, State treasurer, superintendent of education, commissioner of agriculture and industries, and a sheriff for each county. superintendent of education SEC. 114. The * shall be elected by the qualified electors of the State at the same time and places appointed for the election of members of the legislature in the year 1902, and in every fourth year thereafter. SEC. 115. The returns of every election for superintendent of education * * * shall be sealed up and transmitted by the returning officers to the seat of government, directed to the speaker of the house of representatives, who shall, during the first week of the session to which such returns shall be made, open and publish them in the presence of both houses of the legislature in joint convention; but the speaker's duty and the duty of the joint convention shall be purely ministerial. The result of the election shall be ascertained and declared by the speaker from the face of the returns without delay. The person having the highest number of votes for any one of said offices shall be declared duly elected; but if two or more persons shall have an equal and the highest number of votes for the same office, the legislature by joint vote, without delay, shall choose one of said persons for said office. Contested elections for superintendent of education shall be determined by both houses of the legislature in such manner as may be prescribed by law. SEC. 116. The * superintendent of education ** elected after the ratification of this constitution, shall hold their respective offices for the term of four years from the first Monday after the second Tuesday in January next succeeding their election, and until their successors shall be elected and qualified. After the first election under this constitution no one of said officers shall be eligible as his own successor. ** * * * * ** ** |