SEC. 11. The State university shall be established at one place without brauches at any other place, and the university fund shall be applied to that institution and no other.

SEC. 12. The board of education shall provide for the education of all the youths of the State, through a system of common schools, and such schools shall be organized and kept in each school district at least three months in each year. Any district failing, for two consecutive years, to organize and keep up a school, as aforesaid, may be deprived of their portion of the school fund.

SEC. 13. The members of the board of education shall each receive the same per diem during the time of their session, and mileage going to and returning therefrom, as members of the general assembly.

SEC. 14. A majority of the board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business; but no rule, regulation, or law for the government of common schools or other educational institutions shall pass without the concurrence of a majority of all the members of the board, which shall be expressed by the yeas and nays on the final passage. The style of all acts of the board shall be, "Be it enacted by the Board of Education of the State of Iowa."

SEC. 15. At any time after the year 1863, the general assembly shall have power to abolish or reorganize said board of education, and provide for the educational interest of the State in any other manner that to them shall seem best and proper.

SECOND.-SCHOOL FUNDS AND SCHOOL LANDS.

SEC. 1. The educational and school funds and lands shall be under the control and management of the general assembly of this State.

SEC. 2. The university lands, and the proceeds thereof, and all moneys belonging to said fund shall be a permanent fund for the sole use of the State university. The interest arising from the same shall be annually appropriated for the support and benefit of said university.

SEC. 3. The general assembly shall encourage, by all suitable means, the promotion of intellectual, scientific, moral, and agricultural improvement. The proceeds of all lands that have been, or hereafter may be, granted by the United States to this State, for the support of schools, which may have been, or shall hereafter be, sold or disposed of, and the 500,000 acres of land granted to the new States, under an act of Congress distributing the proceeds of the public lands among the several States of the Union, approved in the year of our Lord 1841, and all estates of deceased persons who may have died without leaving a will or heir, and also such per cent as has been or may hereafter be granted by Congress, on the sale of lands in this State, shall be and remain a perpetual fund, the interest of which, together with all rents of the unsold lands, and such other means as the general assembly may provide, shall be inviolably appropriated to the support of common schools throughout the State. SEC. 4. The money which may have been or shall be paid by persons as an equivalent from exemption from military duty, and the clear proceeds of all fines collected in the several counties for any breach of the penal laws, shall be exclusively applied, in the several counties in which such money is paid, or fine collected, among the several school districts of said counties, in proportion to the number of youths subject to enumeration in such districts, to the support of common schools, or the establishment of libraries, as the board of education shall from time to time provide.

SEC. 5. The general assembly shall take measures for the protection, improvement, or other disposition of such lands as have been, or may hereafter be, reserved or granted by the United States, or any person or persons, to this State, for the use of the university, and the funds accruing from the rents or sale of such lands, or from any other source for the purpose aforesaid, shall be, and remain, a permanent fund, the interest of which shall be applied to the support of said university, for the promotion of literature, the arts and sciences, as may be authorized by the terms of such grant. And it shall be the duty of the general assembly as soon as may be to provide effectual means for the improvement and permanent security of the funds of said university.

SEC. 6. The financial agents of the school funds shall be the same that, by law, receive and control the State and county revenue for other civil purposes, under such regulations as may be provided by law.

SEC. 7. The money subject to the support and maintenance of common schools shall be distributed to the districts in proportion to the number of youths.

between the ages of 5 and 21 years, in such manner as may be provided by the general assembly.

ART. XII, SEC. 4. All fines, penalties, or forfeitures due, or to become due, or accruing to the State, or to any county therein, or to the school fund, shall inure to the State, county, or school fund, in the manner prescribed by law.

ART. I, SEC. 1. The executive department shall consist of a governor, and superintendent of public instruction, who shall be chosen by the electors of the State at the time and place of voting for members of the legislature, and shall hold their offices for the term of two years from the second Monday of January next after their election, and until their successors are elected and qualified.

SEC. 2. Until otherwise provided by law, an abstract of the returns of every election of the officers named in the foregoing section shall be sealed up and transmitted by the clerks of the boards of canvassers of the several counties to the secretary of state, who with the liteutenant governor and attorney general shall constitute a board of State canvassers, whose duty it shall be to meet at the State capital on the second Tuesday of December succeeding each election for State officers, and canvas the vote for such officers and proclaim the result; but in case any two or more have an equal and the highest number of votes, the legislature shall by joint ballot choose one of said persons so having an equal and the highest number of votes for said office.

SEC. 14. Should either the secretary of state, * or superintendent of public instruction, become incapable of performing the duties of his office, for any of the causes specified in the thirteenth section of this article, the governor shall fill the vacancy until the disability is removed, or a successor is elected and qualified. Every such vacancy shall be filled by election at the first general election that occurs more than 30 days after it shall have happened; and the person chosen shall hold the office for the unexpired term.

ART. II, SEC. 23. The legislature, in providing for the formation and regulation of schools, shall make no distinction between the rights of males and females.

ART. V, SEC. 3. For the purpose of voting, no person shall be deemed to have gained or lost a residence by reason of his presence or absence while a student of any seminary of learning.

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ART. VI, SEC. 1. The State superintendent of public instruction shall have the general supervision of the common-school funds and educational interests of the State, and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by law. A superintendent of public instruction shall be elected in each county, whose term of office shall be two years, and whose duties and compensation shall be prescribed by law.

SEC. 2. The legislature shall encourage the promotion of intellectual, moral, scientific, and agricultural improvement, by establishing a uniform system of common schools, and schools of higher grade, embracing normal, preparatory, collegiate, and university departments.

SEC. 3. The proceeds of all lands that have been or may be granted by the United States to the State for the support of schools, and the 500,000 acres of land granted to the new States under an act of Congress distributing the proceeds of public lands among the several States of the Union, approved September 4, A. D. 1841, and all estates of persons dying without heir or will, and such per cent as may be granted by Congress on the sale of lands in this State, shall be the common property of the State, and shall be a perpetual school fund, which shall not be diminished, but the interest of which, together with all the rents of the lands and such other means as the legislature may provide, by tax or otherwise, shall be inviolably appropriated to the support of common schools. SEC. 4. The income of the State school funds shall be disbursed annually, by order of the State superintendent, to the several county treasurers, and thence to the treasurers of the several school districts, in equitable proportion to the number of children and youth resident therein between the ages of 5 and 21 years: Provided, That no school district in which a common school has not been maintained at least three months in each year shall be entitled to receive any portion of such funds.

SEC. 5. The school lands shall not be sold unless such sale shall be authorized by a vote of the people at a general election; but, subject to revaluation every 5 years, they may be leased for any number of years, not exceeding 25, at a rate established by law.

SEC. 6. All money which shall be paid by persons as an equivalent for exemption from military duty; the clear proceeds of estrays, ownership of which shall vest in the taker-up; and the proceeds of fines for any breach of the penal laws, shall be exclusively applied in the several counties in which the money is paid or fines collected to the support of common schools.

SEC. 7. Provision shall be made by law for the establishment, at some eligible and central point, of a State university, for the promotion of literature and the arts and sciences, including a normal and an agricultural department. All funds arising from the sale or rents of lands granted by the United States to the State for the support of a State university, and all other grants, donations, or bequests, either by the State or by individuals, for such purpose shall remain a perpetual fund, to be called the "university fund," the interest of which shall be appropriated to the support of the State university.

SEC. 8. No religious sect or sects shall ever control any part of the commonschool or university funds of the State.

SEC. 9. The State superintendent of public instruction, secretary of state, and attorney general shall constitute a board of commissioners for the management and investment of the school funds. Any two of said commissioners shall be a quorum.

ART. VII, SEC. 1. Institutions for the benefit of the insane, blind, and deaf and dumb, and such other benevolent institutions as the public good may require, shall be fostered and supported by the State, subject to such regulations as may be prescribed by law. Trustees of such benevolent institutions as may be hereafter created shall be appointed by the governor, by and with the advice and consent of the senate;

ART. XI, SEC. 1. * * * All property appropriated and used exclusively for municipal, literary, educational, scientific, or charitable purposes shall be exempted from taxation

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KENTUCKY.

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SEC. 5. No preference shall ever be given by law to any religious sect, society, or denomination; nor shall any man be compelled to send his child to any school to which he may be conscientiously opposed; SEC. 59. The general assembly shall not pass local or special acts concerning any of the following subjects, or for any of the following purposes, namely: To provide for the management of common schools. SEC. 60. * schools, * * shall be enacted to take effect upon the approval of any other authority than the general assembly, unless otherwise expressly provided in this constitution.

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* No law, except such as relates to *

common

SEC. 91. A treasurer * * * and superintendent of public instruction shall be elected by the qualified voters of the State at the same time the governor is elected, for the term of four years, each of whom shall be at least 30 years of age at the time of his election and shall have been a resident citizen of the State at least two years next before his election. The duties of all these officers shall be such as may be prescribed by law,

SEC. 93. The treasurer, * * * superintendent of public instruction and register of the land office shall be ineligible to reelection for the succeeding four years after the expiration of the term for which they shall have been elected. The duties and responsibilities of these officers shall be prescribed by law, and all fees collected by any of said officers, shall be covered into the treasury. * * *

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superintendent of

SEC. 95. The election under this constitution for * public instruction, shall be held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November, 1895, and the same day every four years thereafter. SEC. 157. The tax rate of cities, towns, counties, taxing districts, and other municipalities, for other than school purposes, shall not, at any time, exceed the following rates upon the value of the taxable property therein, viz: For all towns or cities having a population of 15,000 or more, $1.50 on the $100; for all

towns or cities having less than 15,000 and not less than 10,000, $1 on the $100; for all towns or cities having less than 10,000, 75 cents on the $100; and for counties and taxing districts, 50 cents on the $100; unless it should be necessary to enable such city, town, county, or taxing district to pay the interest on, and provide a sinking fund for the extinction of, indebtedness contracted before the adoption of this constitution. No county, city, town, taxing district, or other municipality shall be authorized or permitted to become indebted, in any manner or for any purpose, to an amount exceeding, in any year, the income and revenue provided for such year, without the assent of two-thirds of the voters thereof, voting at an election to be held for that purpose; and any indebtedness contracted in violation of this section shall be void. Nor shall such contract be enforceable by the person with whom made; nor shall such municipality ever be authorized to assume the same.

SEC. 158. The respective cities, towns, counties, taxing districts, and municipalities shall not be authorized or permitted to incur indebtedness to an amount, including existing indebtedness, in the aggregate exceeding the following-named maximum percentages on the value of the taxable property therein, to be estimated by the assessment next before the last assessment previous to the incurring of the indebtedness, viz: Cities of the first and second classes, and of the third class having a population exceeding 15,000, 10 per centum; cities of the third class having a population of less than 15,000, and cities and towns of the fourth class, 5 per centum; cities and towns of the fifth and sixth classes, 3 per centum; and counties, taxing districts, and other municipalities, 2 per centum: Provided, Any city, town, county, taxing district, or other municipality may contract an indebtedness in excess of such limitations when the same has been authorized under laws in force prior to the adoption of this constitution, or when necessary for the completion of and payment for a public improvement undertaken and not completed and paid for at the time of the adoption of this constitution: And provided further, If, at the time of the adoption of this constitution the aggregate indebtedness, bonded or floating, of any city, town, county, taxing district, or other municipality, including that which it has been or may be authorized to contract as herein provided, shall exceed the limit herein prescribed, then no such city or town shall be authorized or permitted to increase its indebtedness in an amount exceeding 2 per centum, and no such county, taxing district, or other municipality, in an amount exceeding 1 per centum, in the aggregate upon the value of the taxable property therein, to be ascertained as herein provided, until the aggregate of its indebtedness shall have been reduced below the limit herein fixed, and thereafter it shall not exceed the limit, unless in case of emergency, the public health, or safety should so require. Nothing herein shall prevent the issue of renewal bonds or bonds to fund the floating indebtedness of any city, town, county, taxing district, or other municipality.

SEC. 159. Whenever any county, city, town, taxing district, or other municipality is authorized to contract an indebtedness, it shall be required, at the same time, to provide for the collection of an annual tax sufficient to pay the interest on said indebtedness, and to create a sinking fund for the payment of the principal thereof, within not more than 40 years from the time of contracting the same.

SEC. 170. There shall be exempt from taxation

* institutions of educa

tion not used or employed for gain by any person or corporation, and the income of which is devoted solely to the cause of education;

SEC. 183. The general assembly shall, by appropriate legislation, provide for an efficient system of common schools throughout the State.

SEC. 184. The bond of the Commonwealth issued in favor of the board of education for the sum of $1,327,000 shall constitute one bond of the Commonwealth in favor of the board of education, and this bond and the $73,500 of the stock in the Bank of Kentucky, held by the board of education, and its proceeds, shall be held inviolate for the purpose of sustaining the system of common schools. The interest and dividends of said fund, together with any sum which may be produced by taxation or otherwise for purposes of commonschool education, shall be appropriated to the common schools, and to no other purpose. No sum shall be raised or collected for education other than in common schools until the question of taxation is submitted to the legal voters, and the majority of the votes cast at said election shall be in favor of such taxation: Provided, The tax now imposed for educational purposes, and for the endowment and maintenance of the agricultural and mechanical college, shall remain until changed by law.

SEC. 185. The general assembly shall make provision, by law, for the payment of the interest of said school fund, and may provide for the sale of the stock in the Bank of Kentucky; and in case of a sale of all or any part of said stock, the proceeds of sale shall be invested by the sinking-fund commissioners in other good interest-bearing stocks or bonds, which shall be subject to sale and reinvestment, from time to time, in like manner, and with the same restrictions, as provided with reference to the sale of the said stock in the Bank of Kentucky.

SEC. 186. Each county in the Commonwealth shall be entitled to its proportion of the school fund on its census of pupil children for each school year; and if the pro rata share of any school district be not called for after the second school year, it shall be covered into the treasury and be placed to the credit of the school fund for general apportionment the following school year. The surplus now due the several counties shall remain a perpetual obligation against the Commonwealth for the benefit of said respective counties, for which the Commonwealth shall execute its bond, bearing interest at the rate of 6 per centum per annum, payable annually to the counties respectively entitled to the same, and in the proportion to which they are entitled, to be used exclusively in aid of common schools.

SEC. 187. In distributing the school fund no distinction shall be made on account of race or color, and separate schools for white and colored children shall be maintained.

SEC. 188. So much of any moneys as may be received by the Commonwealth from the United States under the recent act of Congress refunding the direct tax shall become a part of the school fund, and be held as provided in section 184; but the general assembly may authorize the use by the Commonwealth of the moneys so received or any part thereof, in which event a bond shall be executed to the board of education for the amount so used which bond shall be held on the same terms and conditions, and subject to the provisions of section 184 concerning the bond therein referred to.

SEC. 189. No portion of any fund or tax now existing, or that may hereafter be raised or levied for educational purposes, shall be appropriated to or used by or in aid of any church, sectarian, or denominational school.

LOUISIANA.

ART. 48. The general assembly shall not pass any local or special law on the following specified subjects:

Regulating the management of public schools, the building or repairing of schoolhouses, and the raising of money for such purposes.

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ART. 53. No money shall ever be taken from the public treasury, directly or indirectly, in aid of any church, sect, or denomination of religion, or in aid of any priest, preacher, minister, or teacher thereof, as such, and no preference shall ever be given to nor any discrimination made against any church, sect, or creed of religion or any form of religious faith or worship; nor shall any appropriation be made for private, charitable, or benevolent purposes to any person or community: Provided, This shall not apply to the State asylum for the insane and State institution for the deaf and dumb, and State institution for the instruction of the blind, and the charity hospitals and public charitable institutions conducted under State authority.

ART. 55. The general appropriation bill shall embrace nothing but appropriations for the ordinary expenses of the Government, interest on the public debt, public schools, and public charities.

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ART. 60. No educational or charitable institution, other than the State institutions now existing, or expressly provided for in this constitution, shall be established by the State, except upon a vote of two-thirds of the members elected to each house of the general assembly.

ART. 198. No person less than 60 years of age shall be permitted to vote at any election in this State who shall not, in addition to the qualifications above prescribed, have paid on or before the 31st day of December of each year, for the two years preceding the year in which he offers to vote, a poll tax of $1 per annum, to be used exclusively in aid of the public schools of the parish in which such tax shall have been collected; which tax is hereby imposed on every male resident of this State between the age of 21 and 60 years,

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