granted for the support and benefit of the various State educational institutions, as may be prescribed by law.

SEC. 5. The interest on all invested school funds of the State, and all rents accruing from the leasing of any school lands, shall be apportioned to the several school districts of the State in proportion to the number of children and youths between the ages of 6 and 21 years, residing therein respectively, but no district shall be entitled to such distributive share that does not maintain a public free school for at least three months during the year for which distribution shall be made.

SEC. 6. It shall be the duty of the legislative assembly to provide by taxation, or otherwise, sufficient means, in connection with the amount received from the general school fund, to maintain a public, free, common school in each organized district in the State, for at least three months in each year.

SEC. 7. The public free schools of the State shall be open to all children and youth between the ages of 6 and 21 years.

SEC. 8. Neither the legislative assembly, nor any county, city, town, or school district, or other public corporations, shall ever make directly or indirectly, any appropriation, or pay from any public fund or moneys whatever, or make any grant of lands or other property in aid of any church, or for any sectarian purpose, or to aid in the support of any school, academy, seminary, college, university, or other literary, scientific institution, controlled in whole or in part by any church, sect, or denomination whatever.

SEC. 9. No religious or partisan test or qualification shall ever be required of any person as a condition of admission into any public educational institution of the State, either as teacher or student; nor shall attendance be required at any religious service whatever, nor shall any sectarian tenets be taught in any public educational institution of the State; nor shall any person be debarred admission to any of the collegiate departments of the university on account of sex.

SEC. 10. The legislative assembly shall provide that all elections for school district officers shall be separate from those elections at which State or county officers are voted for.

SEC. 11. The general control and supervision of the State university and the various other State educational institutions shall be vested in a State board of education, whose powers and duties shall be prescribed and regulated by law. The said board shall consist of 11 members, the governor, State superintendent of public instruction, and attorney general, being members ex officio, the other 8 members thereof shall be appointed by the governor, subject to the confirmation of the senate, under the regulations and restrictions to be provided by law. SEC. 12. The funds of the State university and of all other State institutions of learning, from whatever source accruing, shall forever remain inviolate and sacred to the purpose for which they were dedicated. The various funds shall be respectively invested under such regulations as may be prescribed by law, and shall be guaranteed by the State against loss or diversion. The interest of said invested funds, together with the rents from leased lands or properties, shall be devoted to the maintenance and perpetuation of these respective institutions.

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school districts,

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ART. XII, SEC. 2. The property of shall be exempt from taxation; and such other property as may be used exclusively for agricultural and horticultural societies, for educational purposes, may be exempt from taxation.

SEC. 5. Taxes for city, town, and school purposes may be levied on all subjects and objects of taxation, but the assessed valuation of any property shall not exceed the valuation of the same property for State and county purposes. ART. XIII, SEC. 6. No city, town, township, or school district shall be allowed to become indebted in any manner or for any purpose to an amount, including existing indebtedness, in the aggregate exceeding 3 per centum of the value of the taxable property therein, to be ascertained by the last assessment for the State and county taxes previous to the incurring of such indebtedness,

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ART. XVII, SEC. 1. All lands of the State that have been, or that may hereafter be granted to the State by Congress, and all lands acquired by gift or grant or devise, from any person or corporation, shall be public lands of the State, and shall be held in trust for the people, to be disposed of as hereafter provided, for the respective purposes for which they have been or may be granted, donated, or devised; and none of such land, nor any estate or interest therein, shall ever be disposed of except in pursuance of general laws providing for such disposition, nor unless the full market value of the estate or interest

disposed of, to be ascertained in such manner as may be provided by law, be paid or safely secured to the State; nor shall any lands which the State holds by grant from the United States (in any case in which the manner of disposal and minimum price are so prescribed) be disposed of, except in the manner and for at least the price prescribed in the grant thereof, without the consent of the United States. Said lands shall be classified by the board of land commissioners, as follows: First, lands which are valuable only for grazing purposes. Second, those which are principally valuable for the timber that is on them. Third, agricultural lands. Fourth, lands within the limits of any town or city or within 3 miles of such limits: Provided, That any of said lands may be reclassified whenever, by reason of increased facilities for irrigation or otherwise, they shall be subject to different classification.

SEC. 2. The lands of the first of said classes may be sold or leased, under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by law. The lands of the second class may be sold, or the timber thereon may be sold, under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by law. The agricultural lands may be either sold or leased, under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by law. The land of the fourth class shall be sold in alternate lots of not more than 5 acres each, and not more than one-half of any one tract of such lands shall be sold prior to the year 1910.

SEC. 3. All other public lands may be disposed of in such manner as may be provided by law.

NEBRASKA.

ART. III, SEC. 15. The legislature shall not pass local or special laws in any of the following cases; that is to say:

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Providing for the management of public schools.

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ART. V, SEC. 1. The executive department shall consist of a governor, licutenant governor, superintendent of public instruction, attorney general, and commissioner of public lands and buildings, who shall each hold his office for the term of two years from the first Thursday and the first Tuesday in January next after his election, and until his successor is elected and qualified.

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SEC. 19. The governor shall, prior to the adjournment of the thirty-third session of the legislature, nominate and, with the consent of two-thirds of the members of the senate in executive session, appoint three electors of the State. not more than two of whom shall belong to the same political party and no two of whom shall reside at the time of their appointment in the same congressional district, as members of a board to be known as a "board of commissioners of State institutions." Said members shall hold office as designated by the governor for two, four, and six years respectively. Subsequent appointments shall be made as provided and, except to fill vacancies, shall be for a period of six years. The board shall at all times be subject to the above restrictions and limitations. The beard of commissioners shall have full power to manage, control, and govern, subject only to such limitations as shall be established by law, the State soldiers' home, hospitals for the insane, institute for the deaf, institute for the blind, industrial schools, institute for feeble-minded children, Nebraska Industrial Home, orthopedic hospital, the State penitentiary, and all charitable, reformatory, and penal institutions that shall be by law established and maintained by the State of Nebraska. They shall each give bonds, receive compensation for service, perform all duties, and comply with all regulations that shall be established by law. SEC. 24. The salaries of the secretary of state, attorney general, superintendent of public instruction, and commissioner of public lands and buildings shall be $2,000 each per annum. There shall be no allowance for clerk hire in the offices of the superintendent of public instruction and attorney general.

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ART. VIII, SEC. 1. The governor, secretary of state, treasurer, attorney general, and commissioner of public lands and buildings shall, under the direction of the legislature, constitute a board of commissioners, for the sale, leasing, and general management of all lands and funds set apart for educational purposes, and for the investment of school funds in such manner as may be prescribed by law.

SEC. 2. All lands, money, or other property granted or bequeathed or in any manner conveyed to this State for educational purposes shall be used and expended in accordance with the terms of such grant, bequest, or conveyance.

SEC. 3. The following are hereby declared to be perpetual funds for commonschool purposes, of which the annual interest or income only can be appropriated, to wit:

First. Such per centum as has been, or may hereafter be, granted by Congress on the sale of lands in this State.

Second. All moneys arising from the sale or leasing of sections Nos. 16 and 36 in each township in this State, and the lands selected, or that may be selected, in lieu thereof.

Third. The proceeds of all lands that have been, or may hereafter be, granted to this State, where, by the terms and conditions of such grant, the same are not to be otherwise appropriated.

Fourth. The net proceeds of lands and other property and effects that may come to this State, by escheat or forfeiture or from unclaimed dividends or distributive shares of the estates of deceased persons.

Fifth. All moneys, stocks, bonds, lands, and other property now belonging to the common-school fund.

SEC. 4. All other grants, gifts, and devises that have been, or may hereafter be, made to this State, and not otherwise appropriated by the terms of the grant, gift, or devise, the interest arising from all the funds mentioned in the preceding section, together with all the rents of the unsold school lands, and such other means as the legislature may provide, shall be exclusively applied to the support and maintenance of common schools in each school district in the State.

SEC. 5. All fines, penalties, and license moneys arising under the general laws of the State shall belong and be paid over to the counties respectively, where the same may be levied or imposed, and all fines, penalties, and license moneys arising under the rules, by-laws, or ordinances of cities, villages, towns, precincts, or other municipal subdivision less than a county shall belong and be paid over to the same, respectively. All such fines, penalties, and license moneys shall be appropriated exclusively to the use and support of the common schools in the respective subdivisions where the same may accrue.

SEC. 6. The legislature shall provide for the free instruction in the common schools of this State of all persons between the ages of 5 and 21 years.

SEC. 7. Provision shall be made by general law for an equitable distribution of the income of the fund set apart for the support of the common schools, among the several school districts of the State, and no appropriation shall be made from said fund to any district for the year in which school is not maintained at least three months.

SEC. 8. University, agricultural college, common-school, or other lands which are now held or may hereafter be acquired by the State for educational purposes shall not be sold for less than $7 per acre, nor less than the appraised value.

SEC. 9. All funds belonging to the State for educational purposes, the interest and income whereof only are to be used, shall be deemed trust funds held by the State, and the State shall supply all losses thereof, that may in any manner accrue, so that the same shall remain forever inviolate and undiminished; and shall not be invested or loaned except on United States or State securities, or registered county bonds of this State, or registered school-district bonds of this State, and such other securities as the legislature may from time to time direct. And such funds with the interest and income thereof are hereby solemnly pledged to the purposes for which they are granted and set apart, and shall not be transferred to any other fund for other uses.

SEC. 10. The general government of the University of Nebraska shall, under direction of the legislature, be vested in a board of six regents to be styled the Board of Regents of the University of Nebraska, who shall be elected by the electors of the State at large, and their term of office, except those chosen at the first election as hereinafter provided, shall be six years.. Their duties and powers shall be prescribed by law; and they shall receive no compensation, but may be reimbursed their actual expenses incurred in the discharge of their duties.

SEC. 11. No sectarian instruction shall be allowed in any school or institution supported in whole or in part by the public funds set apart for educational purposes; nor shall the State accept any grant, conveyance, or bequest of money, lands, or other property to be used for sectarian purposes.

SEC. 12. The legislature may provide by law for the establishment of a school or schools for the safe-keeping, education, employment, and reformation of all children under the age of 16 years, who for want of proper parental care, or other cause, are growing up in mendicancy or crime.

NEVADA.

ART. V, SEC. 22. The secretary of state, * superintendent of public instruction shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by law. ART. VIII, SEC. 2. All real property and possessory rights to the same, as well as personal property in this State, belonging to corporations now existing or hereafter created, shall be subject to taxation the same as property of individuals: Provided, That the property of corporations formed for municipal, charitable, religious, or educational purposes may be exempted by law.

SEC. 9. The State shall not donate or loan money or its credit, subscribe to, or be interested in the stock of any company, association, or corporation, except corporations formed for educational or charitable purposes.

ART. XI, SEC. 1. The legislature shall encourage by all suitable means the promotion of intellectual, literary, scientific, mining, mechanical, agricultural, and moral improvements, and also provide for the election by the people, at the general election, of a superintendent of public instruction, whose term of office shall be two years from the first Monday of January, A. D. 1865, and until the election and the qualification of his successor, and whose duties shall be prescribed by law.

SEC. 2. The legislature shall provide for a uniform system of common schools, by which a school shall be established and maintained in each school district at least six months in every year; and any school district neglecting to establish and maintain such a school, or which shall allow instructions of a sectarian character therein, may be deprived of its proportion of the interest of the public-school fund during such neglect or infraction; and the legislature may pass such laws as will tend to secure a general attendance of the children in each school district upon said public school.

SEC. 3. All lands, including the sixteenth and thirty-sixth sections in any township donated for the benefit of public schools in the act of the Thirtyeighth Congress, to enable the people of Nevada Territory to form a State government, the 30,000 acres of public lands granted by an act of Congress, approved July 2, A. D. 1862, for each Senator and Representative in Congress, and all proceeds of lands that have been or may hereafter be granted or appropriated by the United States to this State, and also the 500.000 acres of land granted to the new States under the act of Congress distributing the proceeds of the public lands among the several States of the Union, approved A. D. 1841: Provided, That Congress may provision for or authorize such diversion to be made for the purpose herein contained; all estates that may escheat to the State; all of such per centum as may be granted by Congress on the sale of lands; all fines collected under the penal laws of the State; all property given or bequeathed to the State for educational purposes, and all proceeds derived from any or all of said sources shall be and the same are hereby solemnly pledged for educational purposes and shall not be transferred to any other fund for other uses; and the interest thereon shall, from time to time, be apportioned among the several counties as the legislature may provide by law; and the legislature shall provide for the sale of floating land warrants to cover the aforesaid lands, and for the investment of all proceeds derived from any of the above-mentioned sources, in United States bonds, or the bonds of this State, or the bonds of other States of the Union: Provided, That the interest only of the aforesaid proceeds shall be used for educational purposes. and any surplus interest shall be added to the principal sum: And provided further, That such portions of said interest as may be necessary may be appropriated for the support of the State university.

SEC. 4. The legislature shall provide for the establishment of a State university, which shall embrace departments for agriculture, mechanic arts, and mining, to be controlled by a board of regents, whose duties shall be prescribed by law.

SEC. 5. The legislature shall have power to establish normal schools, and such different grades of schools, from the primary department to the university, as in their discretion they may deem necessary, and all professors in said university, or teachers in said schools, of whatever grade, shall be required to take and subscribe to the oath as prescribed in Article XV of this constitution. No. professor or teacher who fails to comply with the provisions of any law framed in accordance with the provisions of this section shall be entitled to receive any portion of the public moneys set apart for school purposes.

SEC. 6. The legislature shall provide a special tax, which shall not exceed 2 mills on the dollar of all taxable property in the State, in addition to other

means provided for the support and maintenance of said university and common schools.

SEC. 7. The governor, secretary of state, and superintendent of public instruction shall, for the first four years, and until their successors are elected and qualified, constitute a board of regents, to control and manage the affairs of the university and the funds of the same, under such regulations as may be provided by law. But the legislature shall at its regular session next preceding the expiration of the term of office of said board of regents, provide for the election of a new board of regents, and define their duties.

SEC. 8. The board of regents shall, from the interest accruing from the first funds which come under their control, immediately organize and maintain the said mining department in such manner as to make it most effective and useful: Provided, That all the proceeds of the public lands donated by act of Congress approved July 2, A. D. 1862, for a college for the benefit of agriculture, the mechanic arts, and including military tactics, shall be invested by the said board of regents in a separate fund, to be appropriated exclusively for the benefit of the first-named departments to the university, as set forth in section 4 above; and the legislature shall provide that if, through neglect or any other contingency, any portion of the fund so set apart shall be lost or misappropriated, the State of Nevada shall replace said amount so lost or misappropriated in said fund, so that the principal of said fund shall remain forever undiminished.

SEC. 9. No sectarian instruction shall be imparted or tolerated in any school or university that may be established under this constitution.

SEC. 10. No public funds of any kind or character whatever, State, county, or municipal, shall be used for sectarian purposes.

ART. XII, SEC. 1. Institutions for the benefit of the insane, blind, and deaf and dumb, and such other benevolent institutions as the public good may require, shall be fostered and supported by the State, subject to such regulations as may be prescribed by law.

NEW HAMPSHIRE.

PART I, ART. 6. * the several towns, parishes, bodies corporate, or religious societies shall at all times have the exclusive right of electing their own public teachers, and of contracting with them for their support and maintenance.

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PART II, ART. 82. Knowledge and learning generally diffused through a community being essential to the preservation of a free government, and spreading the opportunities and advantages of education through the various parts of the country being highly conducive to promote this end, it shall be the duty of the legislators and magistrates, in all future periods of this government, to cherish the interest of literature and the sciences, and all seminaries and public schools; to encourage private and public institutions, rewards, and immunities for the promotion of agriculture, arts, sciences, commerce, trades, manufactures, and natural history, of the country; to countenance and inculcate the principles of humanity and general benevolence, public and private charity, industry and economy, honesty and punctuality, sincerity, sobriety, and all social affections and generous sentiments, among the people: Provided, nevertheless, That no money raised by taxation shall ever be granted or applied for the use of the schools or institutions of any religious sect or denomination.

NEW JERSEY.

ART. IV, SEC. VII (6). The fund for the support of free schools, and all money, stock, and other property which may hereafter be appropriated for that purpose, or received into the treasury under the provision of any law heretofore passed to augment the said fund, shall be securely invested and remain a perpetual fund; and the income thereof, except so much as it may be judged expedient to apply to an increase of the capital, shall be annually appropriated to the support of public free schools, for the equal benefit of all the people of the State; and it shall not be competent for the legislature to borrow, appropriate, or use the said fund. or any part thereof, for any other purpose, under any pretense whatever. The legislature shall provide for the 3966°-15-58