maintenance and support of a thorough and efficient system of free publie schools for the instruction of all the children in this State between the ages of 5 and 18 years.

SEC. VII (11). The legislature shall not pass private, local, or special laws in any of the following enumerated cases; that is to say: * Providing for the management and support of free public schools.

NEW MEXICO.

ART. IV, SEC. 1. * * The people reserve the power to disapprove, suspend, and annul any law enacted by the legislature, except general appropriation laws * * for the maintenance of the public schools or State institutions and local or special laws.

SEC. 24. The legislature shall not pass local or special laws in any of the fcilowing cases: * ** the management of public schools; ***

SEC. 31. No appropriation shall be made for charitable, educational, or other benevolent purposes to any person, corporation, association, institution, or community, not under the absolute control of the State, but the legislature may. in its discretion, make appropriations for the charitable institutions and hospitals. *

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ART. V, SEC. 1. The executive department shall consist of a governor, superintendent of public instruction who shall be elected for a term of two years beginning on the 1st day of January next after their election. Such officers shall, after having served two consecutive terms, be ineligible to hold any State office for two years thereafter. The officers of the executive department, except the lieutenant governor, shall during their terms of office reside and keep the public records, books, papers, and seals of office at the seat of government.

SEC. 3. No person shall be eligible to any office specified in section 1 hereof, unless he be a citizen of the United States, at least 30 years of age, nor unless he shall have resided continuously in New Mexico for five years next preceding his election; nor to the office of superintendent of public instruction unless he be a trained and experienced educator.

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SEC. 12. The annual compensation to be paid to the officers mentioned in seetion 1 of this article shall be as follows: * superintendent of publie

instruction, $3,000,

ART. VII, SEC. 1. All school elections shall be held at different times from other elections. Women possessing the qualifications prescribed in this section for male electors shall be qualified electors at all such school elections: Provided, That if a majority of the qualified voters of any school district shall, not less than 30 days before any school election, present a petition to the board of county commissioners against woman suffrage in such district, the provisions of this section relating to woman suffrage shall be suspended therein, and such provision shall become again operative only upon the filing with said board of a petition signed by a majority of the qualified voters favoring the restoration thereof. The board of county commissioners shall certify the sus pension or restoration of such suffrage to the proper school district.

SEC. 2. ** women possessing the qualifications of male electors prescribed in paragraph 1 of this article shall be qualified to hold the office of county school superintendent, and shall also be eligible for election to the office of school director or members of a board of education.

SEC. 4. No person shall be deemed to have acquired or lost residence by reason of his presence or absence while employed in the service of the United States or of the State, nor while a student at any school.

ART. VIII, SEC. 2. Taxes levied upon real or personal property for State revenue shall not exceed 4 mills annually on each dollar of the assessed valuation thereof except for the support of the educational, penal, and charitable institutions of the State, payment of the State debt and interest thereon; and the total annual tax levy upon such property for all State purposes exclusive of necessary levies for the State debt shall not exceed 10 mills.

SEC. 3. The property of the United States. the State and all counties, towas cities, and school districts, and other municipal corporations, public libraries. community ditches and all laterals thereof, all church property, all property used for educational or charitable purposes, all cemeteries not used or bed for private or corporate profit, and all bonds of the State of New Mexico, and

of the counties, municipalities, and districts thereof shall be exempt from taxation.

SEC. 7. No execution shall issue upon any judgment rendered against the board of county commissioners of any county, or against any incorporated city, town, or village, school district, or board of education; or against any officer of any county, incorporated city, town, or village, school district. or board of education, upon any judgment recovered against him in his official capacity and for which the county, incorporated city, town, or village, school district, or board of education, is liable, but the same shall be paid out of the proceeds of a tax levy as other liabilities of counties, incorporated cities, towns, or villages, school districts, or boards of education, and when so collected shall be paid by the county treasurer to the judgment creditor.

ABT. IX, SEC. 11. No school district shall borrow money, except for the purpose of erecting and furnishing school buildings or purchasing school grounds, and in such cases only when the proposition to create the debt shall have been submitted to the qualified electors of the district, and approved by a majority of those voting thereon. No school district shall ever become indebted in an amount exceeding 6 per centum on the assessed valuation of the taxable property within such school district, as shown by the preceding general assessment. SEC. 14. Neither the State, nor any county, school district, or municipality, except as otherwise provided in this constitution, shall directly or indirectly lend or pledge its credit, or make any donation to or in aid of any person, association or public or private corporation, or in aid of any private enterprise for the construction of any railroad;

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ART. XII, SEC. 1. A uniform system of free public schools sufficient for the education of, and open to, all the children of school age in the State shall be established and maintained.

SEC. 2. The permanent school fund of the State shall consist of the proceeds of sales of sections 2, 16, 32, and 36 in each township of the State, or the lands selected in lieu thereof; the proceeds of sales of all lands that have been or may hereafter be granted to the State not otherwise appropriated by the terms and conditions of the grant; such portion of the proceeds of sales of lands of the United States within the State as has been or may be granted by Congress; also all other grants, gifts, and devises made to the State, the purpose of which is not otherwise specified.

SEC. 3. The schools, colleges, universities, and other educational institutions provided for by this constitution shall forever remain under the exclusive control of the State, and no part of the proceeds arising from the sale or disposal of any lands granted to the State by Congress, or any other funds appropriated, levied, or collected for educational purposes, shall be used for the support of any sectarian, denominational, or private school, college, or university. SEC. 4. All fines and forfeitures collected under general laws; the net proceeds of property that may come to the State by escheat; the rentals of all school lands and other lands granted to the State, the disposition of which is not otherwise provided for by the terms of the grant or by act of Congress; and the income derived from the permanent school fund, shall constitute the cur rent school fund of the State. The legislature shall provide for the levy and collection of an annual tax upon all the taxable property in the State for the maintenance of the public schools, the proceeds of such tax levy to be added to the current school funds above provided for. The current school fund shall be distributed among the school districts of the State in the proportion that the number of children of school age in each district bears to the total number of such children in the State, and shall provide for the levy and collection of additional local taxes for school purposes. A public school shall be maintained for at least five months in each year in every school district in the State.

Before making the distribution above provided for, there shall be taken from the current school fund as above created, a sufficient reserve to be distributed among school districts in which the proceeds of the annual local tax, when levied to the limit allowed by law, plus the regular quota of current school funds allotted to said district, shall not be sufficient for the maintaining of a school for the full period of five months, and this reserve fund shall be so distributed among such districts as to enable each district to hold school for the said period.

SEC. 5. Every child of school age and of sufficient physical and mental ability shall be required to attend a public or other school during such period and for such time as may be prescribed by law.

SEC. 6. A State board of education is hereby created, to consist of seven members. It shall have the control, månagement, and direction of all public schools under such regulations as may be provided by law. The governor and the State superintendent of public instruction shall be ex officio members of said board and the remaining five members shall be appointed by the governor, by and with the consent of the senate; and shall include the head of some State educational institution, a county superintendent of schools, and one other person actually connected with educational work. The legislature may provide for district or other school officers, subordinate to said board.

SEC. 7. The principal of the permanent school fund shall be invested in the bonds of the State or Territory of New Mexico, or of any county, city, town, board of education, or school district therein. The legislature may by threefourths vote of the members elected to each house provide that said funds may be invested in other interest-bearing securities. All bonds or other securities in which any portion of the school fund shall be invested must be first approved by the governor, attorney general, and secretary of state. All losses from such funds, however occurring, shall be reimbursed by the State.

SEC. 8. The legislature shall provide for the training of teachers in the normal schools or otherwise so that they may become proficient in both the Engglish and Spanish languages, to qualify them to teach Spanish-speaking pupils and students in the public schools and educational institutions of the State; and shall provide proper means and methods to facilitate the teaching of the English language and other branches of learning to such pupils and students. SEC. 9. No religious test shall ever be required as a condition of admission into the public schools or any educational institution of this State, either as a teacher or student, and no teacher or student of such school or institution shall ever be required to attend or participate in any religious service whatso

ever.

SEC. 10. Children of Spanish descent in the State of New Mexico shall never be denied the right and privilege of admission and attendance in the public schools or other public educational institutions of the State, and they shall never be classed in separate schools, but shall forever enjoy perfect equality with other children in all public schools and educational institutions of the State, and the legislature shall provide penalties for the violation of this section. This section shall never be amended except upon a vote of the people of this State, in an election at which at least three-fourths of the electors voting in the whole State and at least two-thirds of those voting in each county in the State shall vote for such amendment.

SEC. 11. The University of New Mexico at Albuquerque, the New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts near Las Cruces, the New Mexico School of Mines at Socorro, the New Mexico Military Institute at Roswell, the New Mexico Normal University at Las Vegas, the New Mexico Normal School at Silver City, the Spanish-American School at El Rito, the New Mexico Asylum for the Deaf and Dumb at Santa Fe, and the New Mexico Institute for the Blind at Alamogordo, are hereby confirmed as State educational institutions. The appropriations made and that may hereafter be made to the State by the United States for agriculture and mechanical colleges and experiment stations in connection therewith, shall be paid to the New Mexico College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts.

SEC. 12. All lands granted under the provisions of the act of Congress, entitled, "An act to enable the people of New Mexico to form a constitution and State government and be admitted into the Union on an equal footing with the original States; and to enable the people of Arizona to form a constitution and State government and be admitted into the Union on an equal footing with the original States," for the purposes of said several institutions are hereby accepted and confirmed to said institutions, and shall be exclusively used for the purposes for which they were granted: Provided, That 170,000 acres of the land granted by said act for normal-school purposes are hereby equally apportioned between said three normal institutions, and the remaining 30.000 acres thereof is reserved for a normal school which shall be estab`ished by the legislature and located in one of the counties of Union, Quay, Curry, Roosevelt, Chaves, or Eddy.

SEC. 13. The legislature shall provide for the control and management of each of said institutions by a board of regents, for each institution, consisting of five members to be appointed by the governor, by and with the advice and consent of the senate, for a term of four years, and not more than three of

whom shall belong to the same political party at the time of their appointment. The duties of said boards shall be prescribed by law.

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ART. XIII, SEC. 1. * That such of school sections 2, 32, 16, and 36 as are not contiguous to other State lands shall not be sold within the period of 10 years next after the admission of New Mexico as a State for less than $10 per acre.

ART. XIV, SEC. 1. The penitentiary at Santa Fe, the Miners' Hospital of New Mexico at Raton, the New Mexico Insane Asylum at Las Vegas, and the New Mexico Reform School at Springer, are hereby confirmed as State institutions.

SEC. 2. All lands which have been or which may be granted to the State by Congress for the purpose of said several institutions are hereby accepted for said several institutions with all other grants, donations, or devises for the benefit of the same, and shall be exclusively used for the purpose for which they were or may be granted, donated, or devised.

SEC. 3. Each of said institutions shall be under the control and management of a board whose title, duties, and powers shall be as may be provided by law. Each of said boards shall be composed of five members who shall hold office for the term of four years, and shall be appointed by the governor by and with the consent of the senate, and not more than three of whom shall belong to the same political party at the time of their appointment.

ART. XV, SEC. 1. There shall be a department of agriculture which shall be under the control of the board of regents of the College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts; and the legislature shall provide lands and funds necessary for experimental farming and demonstrating by said departments.

ART. XX, SEC. 10. The legislature shall enact suitable laws for the regulation of the employment of children.

SEC. 15. The penitentiary is a reformatory and an industrial school, and all persons confined therein shall, so far as consistent with discipline and the public interest, be employed in some beneficial industry;

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SEC. 17. There shall be a uniform system of textbooks for the public schools which shall not be changed more than once in six years.

ART. XXI, SEC. 4. Provision shall be made for the establishment and maintenance of a system of public schools which shall be open to all the children of the State and free from sectarian control, and said schools shall always be conducted in English.

NEW YORK.

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ART. II, SEC. 3. For the purpose of voting, no person shall be deemed to have gained or lost a residence, by reason of his presence or absence, while a student of any seminary of learning.

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ART. VII, SEC. 4. Except the debts specified in sections 2 and 3 of this article, no debts shall be hereafter contracted by or in behalf of this State, unless such debt shall be authorized by a law, for some single work or object, to be distinctly specified therein; and such law shall impose and provide for the collection of a direct annual tax to pay, and sufficient to pay, the interest on such debt as it falls due, and also to pay and discharge the principal of such debt within 50 years from the time of the contracting thereof. No such law shall take effect until it shall, at a general election have been submitted to the people, and have received a majority of all the votes cast for and against it at such election. *

SEC. 5. The sinking funds provided for the payment of interest and the extinguishment of the principal of the debts of the State shall be separately kept and safely invested, and neither of them shall be appropriated or used in any manner other than for the specific purpose for which it shall have been provided.

ART. VIII, SEC. 9. Neither the credit nor the money of the State shall be given or loaned to or in aid of any association, corporation, or private undertaking. This section shall not, however, prevent the legislature from making such provision for the education and support of the blind, the deaf and dumb, and juvenile delinquents, as to it may seem proper. Nor shall it apply to any fund or property now held, or which may hereafter be held, by the State for educational purposes.

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SEC. 10. * No county or city shall be allowed to become indebted for any purpose or in any manner to an amount which, including existing indebtedness, shall exceed 10 per centum of the assessed valuation of the real estate of such county or city subject to taxation, as it appeared by the assessment rolls of said county or city on the last assessment for State or county taxes prior to the incurring of such indebtedness The amount hereafter to be raised by tax for county or city purposes, in any county containing a city of over 100,000 inhabitants, or any such city of this State, in addition to providing for the principal and interest of existing debt, shall not in the aggregate exceed in any one year 2 per centum of the assessed valuation of the real and personal estate of such county or city, to be ascertained as prescribed in this section in respect to county or city debt.

SEC. 11. The legislature shall provide for a State board of charities, which shall visit and inspect all institutions, whether State, county, municipal, incorporated, or not incorporated, which are of a charitable, eleemosynary, correctional, or reformatory character, excepting only such institutions as are hereby made subject to the visitation of either of the commissions hereinafter mentioned, but including all reformatories except those in which adult males convicted of felony shall be confined.

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SEC. 14. Nothing in this constitution contained shall prevent the legislature from making such provision and support of the blind, the deaf and dumb, and juvenile delinquents, as to it may seem proper; or prevent any county, city, town, or village from providing for the care, support, maintenance, and secular education of inmates of orphan asylums, homes for dependent children, or correctional institutions, whether under public or private control. Payments by counties, cities, towns, and villages to charitable, eleemosynary, correctional, and reformatory institutions, wholly or partly under private control, for care, support, and maintenance, may be authorized, but shall not be required by the legis lature. No such payments shall be made for any inmate of such institutions who is not received and retained therein pursuant to rules established by the State board of charities. Such rules shall be subject to the control of the legis lature by general laws.

ART. IX, SEC. 1. The legislature shall provide for the maintenance and support of a system of free common schools, wherein all the children of this State may be educated.

SEC. 2. The corporation created in the year 1784, under the name of the regents of the University of the State of New York, is hereby continued under the name of the University of the State of New York. It shall be governed, and its corporate powers, which may be increased, modified, or diminished by the legislature, shall be exercised by not less than nine regents.

SEC. 3. The capital of the common-school fund, the capital of the literature fund, and the capital of the United States deposit fund shall be respectively preserved inviolate. The revenue of the said common-school fund shall be applied to the support of the common schools; the revenue of the literature fund shall be applied to the support of academies; and the sum of $25,000 of the revenues of the United States deposit fund shall each year be appropriated to and made part of the capital of the said common-school fund.

SEC. 4. Neither the State nor any subdivision thereof shall use its property or credit or any public money, or authorize or permit either to be used, directly or indirectly, in aid or maintenance, other than for examination or inspection, of any school or institution of learning wholly or in part under the control or direc tion of any religious denomination or in which any denominational tenet or doctrine is taught.

NORTH CAROLINA.

ART. I, SEC. 27. The people have the right to the privilege of education, and it is the duty of the State to guard and maintain that right.

ART. III, SEC. 1. The executive department shall consist of a governor,

a superintendent of public instruction, and an attorney general, who shall be elected for a term of four years by the qualified electors of the State, at the same time and places and in the same manner as members of the general assembly are elected. Their term of office shall commence on the 1st day of January next after their election, and continue until their successors are elected and qualified.

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SEC. 13. The respective duties of the secretary of state, auditor, treasurer superintendent of public instruction, and attorney general shall be prescribed by