title to the property and may negotiate loans and issue bonds under certain legal restrictions; they may, with the approval of the commissioner of education, as may also supervising principals, dismiss pupils from school, and may suspend teachers to await the action of the commissioner of education; they annually submit lists of teachers to be appointed and budgets of expenditures to be made to the commissioner for his approval.
Teachers are divided into the following classes: Rural, graded, principal, teachers of English, and special. Teachers of each class are divided into three grades for the purpose of payment of salaries. Upon entering the service, teachers are placed in the third grade and must teach for three years before being advanced to the second, and five years before being admitted to the first. With the approval of the commissioner, holders of diplomas or certificates from certain institutions of the United States and Porto Rico, and holders of first-class State certificates may be admitted to the second grade immediately upon beginning service. Rural teachers have charge of ungraded schools found largely in rural districts; graded teachers have charge of graded schools in the cities and smaller centers of population and are divided into Spanish graded teachers and English graded teachers; principals have charge of school buildings containing eight or more separate classrooms and are responsible to the commissioner of education; special teachers are appointed by the commissioner of education and are employed to teach continuation schools, agriculture, high schools, music, drawing, and such other special subjects as may be determined by the commissioner.
The legislature of Porto Rico makes provision for the following classes of scholarships: Graded, high school, college of agriculture, normal school, industrial, professional, and municipal; some of these scholarships are available for study in Porto Rico, and others for study in the United States.
Examinations throughout the islands are uniform and are conducted by an examining board, consisting of the assistant commissioner, the three general superintendents, and the chief of the division of records. The usual examinations are for the common-school diploma, teachers' licenses, permanent diplomas, for authority to teach in the English language, and for students in continuation schools. Rural teachers must be at least 17 years old; graded teachers, 19 years old; principals, 21 years old.
Children between the ages of 8 and 14 years are required to attend school unless lawfully excused. Employment of children is regulated by law. The department of education furnishes books for use in the public schools. A teachers' pension fund is administered by a board consisting of five members appointed by the governor.
Twenty-five per cent of every dollar derived from the 9-mill tax levy in each municipality must be used for school purposes within the municipality; an additional "school tax " of 1 mill on the dollar may be levied.
The University of Porto Rico is under the control of a board of trustees, composed of the commissioner of education, the speaker of the house of representatives, and the treasurer of Porto Rico, ex officio, and four other persons appointed by the governor; the board of trustees is a body corporate; it is empowered to adopt necessary rules and regulations for the government of the university and to appoint, fix salaries, and prescribe duties of professors, teachers, and other employees. The course of study must be approved by the commissioner of education. The board is directed to receive from Congress any appropriations made for agricultural education in Porto Rico. Funds for the current expenses of the university are derived from escheated inheritances, 50 per cent of fines imposed by the courts of Porto Rico, and certain royalties; 25 per cent of the proceeds from the sales of public lands in Porto Rico constitutes a "permanent fund" for the university.
In American Samoa, which is composed of Rose Island, Manua, Olosega. Ofu. Tutuila, and Aunuu, elementary schools are conducted by native pastors and are without government supervision, except that all children between the ages of 6 and 13 years are required to attend regularly. The natives, with the approval of the governor, have established in the western district of the islands a boys' school taught by white teachers and supported by special
Academies. See Private schools; Second-
ary education.
Adams Act, further endowment of agri-
tural experiment stations, 964-965.
Administrative control, 15–270.
Administrative units (districts, townships,
municipalities), 191-270. See also Con-
solidation of schools.
Agricultural colleges, 702-709, 741-758;
Federal aid, 758, 956-974. See also Col-
leges and universities; Universities.
Agricultural education, 641-644, 900.
Agricultural experiment stations, 956-974.
Agricultural high schools, Mississippi, 831.
Alabama, agricultural education, 641, 702-
703, 741; appropriations for schools, 270-
271; blind, 801; bonds and indebted-
ness, 325; child labor, 559-560, 648, 872;
consolidation of schools, 518; constitu-
tional provisions relating to education,
863-868; county boards, 69; county su-
perintendents, 85; course of study, 626,
633-634; deaf and dumb, 784-785; dis-
trict officers, 115; employment of teach-
ers, 436; high schools, 317, 655; juve-
nile courts, 819; reform schools, 829,
872; school attendance, 504; school cen-
sus, 505; school discipline, 587-588;
school districts, 191; school elections,
181; school funds, 295, 305, 872-873;
schoolhouses, 354, 367; school lands, 292,
869-871; school libraries, 770; school
supervision, 871; school taxation, 339-
340, 352, 863-870; school year, 510; sec-
tarian instruction forbidden, 647, 867,
871; separation of the races, 585; State
board of education, 15; State normal
schools, 465; State university, 716-717;
superintendent of public instruction, 43,
863-864, 869; support of higher educa-
tion, 715; suspension and expulsion, 589;
teachers, 373; teachers' examinations
and certificates, 376-377, 431-432;
teachers' institutes and summer schools,
492; technical education, 762-763; text-
books, 607; townships, 191.
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Alabama, University of, management, 867.
Alabama Polytechnic Institute, manage-
ment, 867-868.
Alaska, public schools, 969-970.
Alcohol, 634-637.
Animals, humane treatment, 637-638.
Arbor Day, 644-646.
Arizona, agricultural education, 641, 742;
Arbor Day, 644; blind, 801; child labor,
560-561; compulsory attendance, 527;
consolidation of schools, 518; constitu-
tional provisions relating to education,
868-872; corporal punishment, 589
county superintendents, 85; course of
study, 626, 635; deaf and dumb, 785;
district officers, 115-116; employment of
teachers, 436; flag in schools, 372; free
textbooks, 603; high schools, 317, 656;
industrial education, 639; kindergartens,
648; military education, 761; mining
schools, 758; music teaching, 638; re-
form schools, 830; school census, 505;
school districts, 192; school fund, 295,
305; school holidays, 516; schoolhouses,
354; school lands, 292; school libraries,
770; school taxation, 300-301, 340;
school year, 510; sectarian instruction
forbidden, 647, 868; separation of the
races, 585; State board of education, 15;
State normal schools, 465-466; superin-
tendent of public instruction, 43-44;
support of higher education, 715; sus-
pension and expulsion, 589; teachers,
373; teachers' examinations and
tificates, 377, 431-432; teachers' insti-
tutes, 492-493; teachers' pensions, 447;
teaching drawing, 638; technical educa-
tion, 692; textbooks, 607; wrongs to
children, 817.
Arizona, University of, 717-718.
Arkansas, agricultural education, 641, 703,
742; blind, 801; bonds and indebtedness,
325; child labor, 561; compulsory at-
tendance, 527; consolidation of schools,
518; constitutional provisions relating
to education, 872-873; county and local
normal schools, 487; county boards, 69;
county superintendents, 86-87; course of
study, 626, 633, 635; deaf and dumb,
785; district officers, 116-117; educa-
tional corporations, 767; employment of
teachers, 436; free textbooks, 604; high
schools, 317, 656-657; higher education,
767; reform schools, 830; State board
of education, 15-16; school census, 505;
school districts, 192-194; school finance,
318; school fund, 271, 295, 305; school
holidays, 516; schoolhouses, 354, 367,
369; school lands, 292; school meetings,
elections, and qualifications of voters,
181-182; school taxation, 301, 340, 353;
school year, 510; separation of the
races, 585; State normal schools, 466;
superintendent of public instruction, 44;
suspension and expulsion, 589; teachers,
373; teachers' associations, 435; teach-
ers' diplomas, 433-434; teachers' exam-
inations and certificates, 377, 431, 432;
teachers' institutes, 493; teachers' sal-
aries, 444; textbooks, 607-608.
Arkansas, University of, 718.
Athletics, public schools, 634.
Attendance, school. See School attend-
Bible in the school, 647-648.
Bird Day, 644-646.
Blind, education, 801-809. See also Deaf
and dumb.
Boards of education, city, 117–118, 126–130,
138, 150-152, 158-160, 191-192, 209-
210; county, 69-84; State, 15-42, 916,
943-945. See also District officers,
Township officers, and under names of
States.
Boards of supervisors, county, 875.
Bonds and indebtedness, local, 325-338.
Buildings and sites. See Schoolhouses.
California, agricultural education, 641, 742;
Bird and Arbor Day, 644; blind, 801;
boards of supervisors, 875; bonds and in-
debtedness, 325-326; child labor, 561-
562; commissioners of elementary and
secondary schools, 45; commissioner of
industrial and vocational education, 45;
compulsory attendance, 528-529; con-
solidation of schools, 518; constitutional
provisions relating to education, 873-
875; county boards, 69-70; county super-
intendents, 87-88; course of study, 626-
627, 634-635, 648; deaf and dumb, 785;
district officers, 117-119; election of
school trustees, 182; employment of
teachers, 436-437; evening schools, 651;
feeble-minded, 809; flag in schools, 372;
high schools, 317, 657-660; industrial
education, 639; juvenile courts, 819;
kindergartens, 648; medical inspection of
schools, 596; military education, 761;
moral education, 637; reform schools,
830-831, 875; school discipline, 588;
school districts, 194-195; school finance,
318; school fraternities, 591; school
fund, 271, 295, 875, 305-306; school
holidays, 516; schoolhouses, 354, 367;
school lands, 292, 873; school libraries,
770-771; school taxation, 301, 340, 353,
875; school year, 510; sectarian instruc-
tion forbidden, 647, 873-874; separation
of the races, 585; State board of educa-
tion, 16-17; State normal schools, 466-
467; superintendent of public instruc-
tion, 44; support of higher education,
715; suspension and expulsion, 589;
teachers, 373-374; teachers' associations,
435; teachers' diplomas, 434; teachers'
examinations and certificates, 377, 431-
432; teachers' institutes, 493; teachers'
pensions, 447-448; teachers' salaries,
444; technical education, 692, 763; text-
books, 604, 608, 873-874; vacation
schools, 654; vaccination, 601; wrongs to
children, 817.
California, University of, 718-719, 874.
California Academy of Sciences, exemption
from taxation, 875.
Canal Zone, public schools, 970.
Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement
of Teaching, work, 741.
Census, school. See School census, 505-
510.
Certification of teachers.
amination and certification.
Child labor, 559-585, 872. See also Com-
pulsory attendance.
Children, wrongs to, 817-818.
Christmas Day. See School holidays.
City school systems, finance and support,
318-353; taxation, 339–352.
Civics, teaching, 633-634.
Classification, plan of, 12-14.
Claxton, P. P., letter of transmittal, 7.
Colleges and universities, 711-715; degrees,
714; finance and support, 715-716; foun-
dation of Harvard, 898; recognition of
diplomas, 433-436; State, 716-741.
also Agricultural colleges; Universities.
Colorado, agricultural education, 641, 703,
742; blind, 801; bonded indebtedness,
326; child labor, 562-563; compulsory
attendance, 529; consolidation of schools,
518; constitutional provisions relating to
education, 875-879; continuation schools,
710; county superintendents, 88; course
of study, 627, 633, 635, 648; deaf and
dumb, 786; district officers, 119–120;
employment of teachers, 437; feeble-
minded, 809; flag in schools, 372; health
regulations, 593; high schools, 317, 660-
661; humane treatment of animals, 637;
juvenile courts, 819; kindergartens, 649;
medical inspection of schools, 596; re-
form schools, 831-832, 876; school cen-
sus, 505; school districts, 196; school
elections and qualifications of voters,
182; school fraternities, 591; school fund,
271, 295, 306, 319, 877; school holidays,
644, 516; schoolhouses, 354; school
lands, 293; school libraries, 771; school
taxation, 340-341, 878; school year, 510;
State board of education, 17; State nor-
mal schools, 467; State school of mines,
758-759; superintendent of public in-
struction, 45, 875; support of higher
education, 715; suspension and expulsion,
589; teachers, 374; teachers' diplomas,
434; teachers' examinations and certifi-
cates, 377-378, 431; teachers' institutes,
494; teachers' pensions, 448; teachers'
salaries, 444; textbooks, 604, 608;
wrongs to children, 817.
Colorado, University of, 719, 876.
Columbus Day, 645.
Community centers, schoolhouses for, 654.
Compulsory attendance, 527-559. See also
Child labor, Juvenile courts, Truancy and
truant officers.
Connecticut, agricultural education, 742;
blind, 801; bonded indebtedness, 326;
child labor, 563; compulsory attendance,
529-530; consolidation of schools, 518;
constitutional provisions relating to edu-
cation, 879; continuation schools, 710;
county boards, 71; county superintend-
ents, 88; course of study, 627, 635; deaf
and dumb, 786; district committee, 122-
123; employment of teachers, 437; even-
ing schools, 651; feeble-minded, 809; flag
in schools, 372; health regulations, 593-
594; high schools, 317, 661; industrial
education, 692–693; juvenile courts, 819;
kindergartens, 649; medical inspection
of schools, 597; music teaching, 638;
prohibition districts, 371; reform schools,
833-834; school census, 505; school dis-
tricts, 197-200; school finance, 319;
school fund, 272-273, 295-296, 306;
school holidays, 644; schoolhouses, 354,
367, 369; school libraries, 771-772;
school meetings, elections and qualifica-
tions of voters, 182; school taxation.
341; school year, 510; State board of
education, 17-18; State normal schools,
467; State officers, 45; suspension and
expulsion, 589; teachers, 374; teachers'
examinations and certificates, 378, 431;
teachers' institutes, 494; teachers' pen-
sions, 448; teachers' salaries, 444; text-
books, 604, 608; town school officers, 120-
121; townships, 196-197; trade schools,
709; vacation schools, 654; vaccination,
601.
Consolidation of schools, 518-526.
Constitutional provisions, public education,
863-955.
Continuation schools, 710-711.
Corporal punishment, 589.
Corporations, educational, 767-770.
County boards, 69-84, 123. See also under
names of States.
County normal schools, 487-492.
County officers, 85-115.
County schools, finance and support, 318-
353; taxation, 339–352.
Courses of study, 626-648.
Crippled and deformed, education, 809.
Deaf and dumb, education, 784-801.
Deformed. See Crippled and deformed,
education.
Degrees, New Jersey, 714.
Delaware, agricultural education,
blind, 801; bonded indebtedness, 326-
327; child labor, 563-564; commissioner
of education, 45; compulsory attendance,
530-531; consolidation of schools, 518;
constitutional provisions regarding educa-
tion, 879-880; county boards, 123;
county school commission, 71-72; county
superintendents, 88-89; course of study,
627, 635; deaf and dumb, 786; employ-
ment of teachers, 437; feeble-minded,
810; flag in schools, 372; health regula-
tions, 594; high schools, 661; juvenile
courts, 819; kindergartens, 649; medical
inspection of schools, 597; moral educa-
tion, 637; reform schools, 834; school
census, 505; school districts, 200; school
elections, 182; school fund, 273, 306,
879-880; schoolhouses, 354, 367, 369;
school libraries, 772; school taxation,
341; school year, 510; separation of the
races, 585; State board of education, 18;
State normal schools, 467-468; teachers,
374; teachers' diplomas, 434; teachers'
examinations and certificates, 378, 431-
432; teachers' institutes, 494; teachers'
pensions, 448; teachers' salaries, 444;
technical education, 763; textbooks, 604,
608; vaccination, 601.
Delaware College, agricultural education,
742-743.
Dependents and delinquents, 817-862.
Diplomas, recognition of normal school,
college, or university, 433-436.
Discipline, school. See School discipline.
Dismissal of teachers. See Teachers, em-
ployment.
District of Columbia, public schools, 970.
District officers, 115-181. See also Boards
of education; Township officers.
District schools, taxation, 339–352.
Drawing, instruction, 638-639.
Drinking cups. See under School hygiene.
Education, schools of, 465-487.
Elections, 181-190.
Elementary education, special State aid,
305-317.
Ethical education, 637.
Evening schools, kindergartens, 651-653.
Examinations, teachers. See Teachers, ex-
amination and certification.
Experiment stations, Federal legislation re-
garding, 956-974.
Expulsion from school. See Suspension and
expulsion.
Farmers' institutes, 655.
Federal aid to education, 758, 956-974.
Feeble-minded, education, 809-816.
Finance, local, 318-353; State, 270-318.
See also under names of States.
Fire day, State, 645.
Fire drill, 590-591,
Fire escapes. See Schoolhouses, provisions
against fire.
Flag, United States, and schools, 372-373.
Flag Day. See School holidays.
Florida, agricultural education, 641, 743;
blind, 801; bonded indebtedness, 327;
child labor, 564-565; consolidation of
schools, 518; constitutional provisions re-
garding education, 880-881; county
boards, 72-73, 123; county superinten-
dents, 89; course of study, 627, 633, 635;
deaf and dumb, 786; employment of
teachers, 437; fire drills, 590;
schools, 662; higher educational institu-
tions, 711-713, 719; kindergartens, 649;
Mothers' Day, 644; prohibition districts,
371; reform schools, 834; rural school in-
spectors, 68; school attendance, 504;
school census, 505; school discipline, 588;
school districts, 200-201; school finance,
319; school fund, 296, 306, 880; school
holidays, 516; schoolhouses, 354, 369;
school lands, 293; school taxation, 301,
341, 353,881; school year, 510-511; sepa-
ration of the races, 585; State board of ed-
ucation, 18-19; superintendent of public
instruction, 45-46, 880; support of higher
education, 715; teachers, 374; teachers'
diplomas, 434; teachers' examinations
and certificates, 378-380, 432; teachers'
institutes, 494; teachers' salaries, 444;
textbooks, 604, 608-609; training
teachers, 468; wrongs to children, 817.
Fraternities, school, 591-592.
Funds, school. See School funds.
Georgia, agricultural education, 641, 703,
743; Bible in schools, 647; blind, 801-
802; bonded indebtedness, 327; child
labor, 565-566; consolidation of schools,
518; constitutional provisions regarding
education, 882-883; county and local
normal schools, 487; county boards, 73-
74; county superintendents, 89-90;
course of study, 627, 633, 635; deaf
and dumb, 786; district boards, 123;
employment of teachers, 437; evening
schools, 651; farmers' institutes, 655;
high schools, 662; higher education, 713;
industrial education, 639, 693; juvenile
courts, 819-820; reform schools, 834-
835; school census, 505; school districts,
201-202; school funds, 273, 296, 306-
307; school holidays, 644-645; school-
houses, 354; school libraries, 772; school
taxation, 341, 353, 882; school year, 511;
separation of the races, 585; State board
of education, 19; superintendent of public
instruction, 43; teachers, 374; teachers'
associations, 435; teachers' diplomas,
434; teachers' examinations and certifi-
cates, 380-381; teachers' institutes, 494;
teachers' salaries, 444; technical educa-
tion, 763; textbooks, 602, 609-610; trade
schools, 709; training of teachers, 468;
vaccination, 601.
Georgia, University of, 719-720, 882-883.
Guam, public schools, 971.
Harvard College, constitutional provisions
regarding, 898-899.
Hatch Act, establishing agricultural ex-
periment stations, 961-963.
Hawaii, public schools, 971-972.
Hazing, law against, Rhode Island, 714-715.
See also under Colleges and universities.
Health regulations, 593-602.
High schools, 655-692; normal training,
487-492; State aid, 310, 317-318. See
also Agricultural high schools, and under
names of States.
Higher education, 711-741. See also Col-
leges and universities; Universities.
History, teaching, 633-634.
Holidays, school. See School holidays.
Hygiene, school. See School hygiene.
Idaho, agricultural education, 641, 743; Ar-
bor Day, 645; blind, 802; board of dis-
trict trustees, 123-124; bonded indebt-
edness, 327; child labor, 566; compulsory
attendance, 531-532; consolidation of
schools, 518; constitutional provisions
regarding education, 883-886; county
boards, 74; county superintendents, 90-
91; course of study, 627, 633, 635; deaf
and dumb, 786; employment of teachers,
437; flag in schools, 372; health regula-
tions, 594; high schools, 317, 662; higher
education, 713; industrial education, 639,
693; juvenile courts, 820; kindergartens,
649; medical inspection of schools, 597;
reform schools, 835; school census, 505;
school districts, 202-203; school fund,
273-274, 296, 307-308, 885; school-
houses, 354, 369; school lands, 293,
885; school libraries, 772-773; school
taxation, 341, 886; school year, 511;
sectarian instruction forbidden, 647,
885; State board of education, 19-20;
State normal schools, 468; superintend-
ent of public instruction, 47, 884; sus-
pension and expulsion, 589; teachers,
374; teachers' diplomas, 434; teachers'
examinations and certificates, 381-382,
431; teachers' institutes, 494; technical
education, 763; textbooks, 604, 610; va-
cation schools, 654.
Idaho, University of, 720-721, 885.
Illinois, agricultural education, 743; Arbor
and Bird Day, 645; blind, 802; bonded
indebtedness, 327-328; child labor, 566-
567; city boards, 126-128; compulsory
attendance, 532; consolidation of schools,
518; constitutional provisions regarding
education, 886-887; county boards, 74;
county superintendents, 91; county nor-
mal schools, 487; course of study, 627,
635; crippled and deformed, 809; deaf
and dumb, 786-787; educational corpora-
tions, 767; employment of teachers, 437;
evening schools, 651; feeble-minded, 810;
flag in schools, 372; health regulations,
594; high schools, 317, 662-663; indus-
trial education, 639; kindergartens, 649;
reform schools, 835-836; school census,
506; school districts, 203-204; school
finance, 319; school fund, 274, 296, 307;
school holidays, 516; schoolhouses, 354,
369; school lands, 293; school libraries,
773; school meetings, 183; school taxa-
tion, 301, 341, 886-887; school year, 511;
State board of education, 20; State nor-
mal schools, 468; superintendent of
public instruction, 47, 886; support of
higher education, 715; suspension and
expulsion, 589; teachers, 374; teachers'
examinations and certificates, 382-384,
431-432; teachers' institutes, 495
teachers' pensions, 448-450; teachers'
salaries, 444; textbooks, 604, 610; town-
ship officers, 124-128.
Illinois, University of, 721.
Illiteracy, Kentucky, 22.
Indebtedness. See Bonds and indebtedness.
Indiana, agricultural education, 641, 703,
743-744; Arbor Day, 645; bonded in-
debtedness, 328; child labor, 567; city
school boards, 129-130; compulsory at-
tendance, 532-533; consolidation of
schools, 518-519; constitutional pro-
visions regarding education, 887-888;
continuation schools, 710; county boards,
75; county superintendents, 92; course
of study, 628, 634-635, 648; election of
school commissioners, 204-206; employ-
ment of teachers, 437-438; evening
schools, 652; feeble-minded, 810; fire
drills, 590; flag in schools, 372; health
regulations, 594; high schools, 317,
663; industrial education, 639, 693-694
juvenile courts, 821; kindergartens, 649
medical inspection of schools, 597;
music teaching, 638; reform schools,
836; school census, 506; school elec-
tions, 183; school fund, 274-275,
296, 307-308, 319, 884, 887; school
lands, 293; school libraries, 773-774;
schoolhouses, 354-356, 367, 369; school
taxation, 301-302, 342, 353, 883-884,
887-888; school year, 511; sectarian in-
struction forbidden, 647; separation of
the races, 585; social centers in schools,
654; State normal schools, 469; super-
intendent of public instruction, 47-48;
support of higher education, 715; sus-
pension and expulsion, 589; teachers,
374; teachers' diplomas, 434; teachers'
examinations and certificates, 384-385;
432; teachers' pensions, 450-451; teach-
ers' salaries, 444; teaching drawing,
638; technical education, 763; text-
books, 604, 610-611; township officers,
128-129; trade schools, 709; tubercu-
lous children, 816.
Indiana, University of, 721-722.
Indians, education, North Carolina, 784.
Industrial education, 639-641, 692-711.
Industrial reform schools. See Reform
schools.
Inspection of schools, State, 68-69.
Instruction, subject matter, 626-648.
Iowa, agricultural education, 641, 744;
Bible in schools, 647; blind, 802; board
of directors, 130-131; board of education,
powers and duties, 888; bonded indebt-
edness, 328-329; child labor, 567–568;
compulsory attendance, 533-534; consoli-
dation of schools, 519-520; constitu-
tional provisions regarding education,
888-890; county boards, 75; county su-
perintendents, 92-93; course of study,
628, 633, 635; deaf and dumb, 787; em-
ployment of teachers, 438; feeble-minded,
810; fire drill, 590; flag in schools, 372;
high schools, 317, 664, 692; industrial
education, 639; kindergartens, 649; min-
ing schools, 759; music teaching, 638;
normal training in high schools, 487-488;
reform schools, 836-837; school census,
506; school districts, 206-207; school
elections, 183; school fraternities, 591;
school fund, 296, 889-890; schoolhouses,
356, 367; school lands, 293, 887; school
libraries, 774; school taxation, 342;
school townships, 206-207; school year,
511; State board of education, 20-21;
State normal schools, 469; superinten-
dent of public instruction, 48; support of
higher education, 715; suspension and
expulsion, 589; teachers, 374; teachers'
associations, 435; teachers' diplomas,
434; teachers' examinations and certifi-
cates, 385-387, 431; teachers' institutes,
495; teachers' salaries, 444-445; teach-
ing drawing, 638; textbooks, 604, 611-
612; vacation schools, 654; wrongs to
children, 817.
Iowa, University of, 722.
Jefferson Davis, observance of birthday,
646.
Juvenile courts, 819-829. See also Com-
pulsory attendance; Dependents and de-
linquents.
Kansas, agricultural education, 641, 703,
744; blind, 802; child labor, 568; com-
pulsory attendance, 534-535; consolida-
tion of schools, 520-521; constitutional
provisions regarding education, 890-891;
county superintendents, 93-94; course
of study, 628, 633, 635; deaf and dumb,
787; district officers, 131; educational
corporations, 767; employment of teach-
ers, 438; evening schools, 652; feeble-
minded, 810; fire drill, 590; flag in
schools, 372; health regulations, 594;
high schools, 317, 664-666; industrial
education, 639, 694; juvenile courts,
821; kindergartens, 649; music teach-
ing, 638; normal training, 487-488; re-
form schools, 837; school census, 506;
school discipline, 588; school districts,
207-211; school elections, 183; school
finance, 319; school fraternities, 591;
school fund, 296-297, 308, 890; school-
houses, 356, 367, 369; school lands, 293;
school libraries, 774; school taxation,
302, 342; school year, 511; sectarian in-
struction forbidden, 647; separation of
the races, 585; State normal schools,
469-470; superintendent of public in-
struction, 48-49; support of higher edu-
cation, 715; suspension and expulsion,
589; teachers, 374;, teachers' diplomas,
434; teachers' examinations and certifi-
cates, 387-389, 431-432; teachers' in-
stitutes, 495; textbooks, 604, 612-613;
trade schools, 709; vacation schools,
654; wrongs to children, 817.
Kansas, University of, 722-723.
Kentucky, agricultural education, 723-724,
744; blind, 802; bonded indebtedness,
329-330; child labor, 568-569; compul-
sory attendance, 535; consolidation of
schools, 521; constitutional provisions
regarding education, 891-893; corporal
punishment, 589; county boards, 75;
county superintendents, 94-95; course of
study, 628, 633, 635; deaf and dumb,
787; district officers, 131-132; employ-
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