Flowering Plants: Evolution Above the Species Level

adaptive ancestors angiosperms animals appear associated basis become belonging branches bundles carpels ceae cells changes Chapter characteristics characters climate comparative complex condition consist contain cotyledons derived developmental differentiation direction discussed dispersal early entire evidence evolution evolutionary evolved examples exist fact families favorable floral flowers followed forests fruits function gene genera genetic genus groups growth habitats hand highly hypothesis increase individual inflorescence kind later leaf least leaves less lines major means ment meristem mesic monocotyledons nature Nevertheless occur organs origin ovary ovules particularly pattern plants pollination populations position possible present primitive principle probably produced recognized reduction regarded regions relatively reproductive respect reversals Scrophulariaceae season seed seedling selection separate shift showing shrubs significant similar single specialized species stage stamens structure studies successful suggests tion tive trees trends tropical unit usually various vascular wind