Terebratula squammosa, Mant. These four species are very common

in the Chalk Marl at Blanez and Neufchatel.

Terebratula biplicata, Sow. Occurs in the Glauconitic bed above the Gault; Blanez.

Terebratula sulcifera, Morris. Seems to be very scarce; I know only two specimens which Prof. Gosselet has had the kindness to send me; Blanez.

Terebratula semiglobosa, Sow.
Rhynchonella Martini, Mant.
Rhynchonella Grasiana, D'Orb.

Rhynchonella Mantelliana, Sow. These four species are very common in the Chalk Marl at Blanez and Neufchatel.

III.-SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE TO "PLEISTOCENE MAMMALS DREDGED OFF THE EASTERN COAST."1

THE

By WILLIAM DAVIES, F.G.S.,

of the British Museum.
(PLATE XII.)

HE late Dr. Falconer figured in the "Fauna Antiqua Sivalensis," a fine lower jaw of an adult Elephas primigenius, preserved in the National Collection, and of which he gives two views, the first as seen from above, the second a side view; and in the descriptions of the plates in the above work given in his "Palæontological Memoirs," vol. i. p. 439, occurs the following note regarding it: "Plate xiii. A. fig. 3.-E. primigenius. English fossil specimen, with two last true molars on either side. In the last left molar there are eighteen plates in 7.7 inches. The jaw has a short beak, and one inner mentary foramen on either side. In this, as in figs. 1 and 2, representing the jaw at different ages, it is to be noted that the opposite lines of molars are more or less convergent instead of being parallel, or nearly so, as laid down by Cuvier.

"Extreme length of jaw, 23.6 in. Divergence of rami behind, 21.3 in. Height at alveolus, 7.2 in. Greatest width of jaw, 6-3 in. Breadth of condyle, 10.3 in., width of last molar, 2.8 in."

To the above description may be added, that although the ascending rami are well preserved, the condyles and coronoids on each side are wanting.

Besides the fact that it is a dredged specimen, which is evident from the marine exuviæ still adhering to it, and that Dr. Falconer had selected it for illustration as a type of the mandible of a mature adult animal of the above species, not anything was known respecting its history, or whence it came, by the present officials of the Palæontological Department; nor beyond the statement that it is an "English fossil specimen" does Dr. Falconer throw any light upon its history, if he ever knew it. But some time ago, looking through a volume of the "Magazine of Natural History," edited by Mr. Edward Charlesworth, F.G.S., I found a woodcut of the fossil, and a short notice regarding it by the editor, both of which we here reproduce.

"The fossil elephant's jaw represented in the accompanying figure 1 See GEOL. MAG., 1878, Decade II. Vol. V.

P. 97.

(No. 40), was obtained by a Dover fisherman in 1837, while dredg ing off the Dogger Bank; and after having been offered for sale to the British Museum and other Metropolitan institutions, was purchased by Mr. G. B. Sowerby, in whose possession it has since remained. It is decidedly the finest relic of the kind that I have seen; and the very faithful representation which I am enabled to publish of it is due to the skill of Mr. G. B. Sowerby, jun., by whom the drawing on wood was executed."-Mag. of Nat. Hist. July, 1839, vol. iii. pp. 347-8. However, the specimen was ultimately purchased for the National Collection on the recommendation of Mr. C. Koenig, the then Keeper of the Geological Department, soon after the publication of Mr. Charlesworth's notice.

The special interest attached to the jaw, apart from its importance as having been selected as a type specimen by so acute an observer as Dr. Falconer, is the locality whence it has been derived, and the additional confirmation it gives of the typical character of the remains of the Mammoth obtained from the Dogger Bank, as described by me in a notice of the almost unique collection from this locality made by Mr. J. J. Owles, of Yarmouth, in the March Number of the present volume of the GEOLOGICAL MAGAZINE (p. 97). Thus it appears, on the evidence before us, that Elephas primigenius is the only species found on the Dogger Bank, whereas the three species E. primigenius, E. antiquus, and E. meridionalis, all occur in the Forest-bed series along the Norfolk coast. Of these the Elephas antiquus, according to Dr. Falconer, would seem to be the most abundant, for he says: "Of the two thousand Elephant grinders, which Mr. (Samuel) Woodward estimates to have been dredged up within thirteen years, from the oyster-bed near Happisburgh, I believe that by far the largest number belonged to this species. The next in point of number, are those of the true Mammoth from the wide-spread drift and gravel-beds. Teeth of E. meridionalis are much less frequent."-("Falconer's Palæontological Memoirs," vol. ii. p. 204.)

Considering the interest attached to this locality, and the number of fossils it has yielded to the dredge, the records regarding them are few. Prof. Owen, in his "British Fossil Mammals," has given a most extensive summary, both of the remains found, and the localities whence fossil elephants have been obtained, but has no notice of this jaw, unless the following quotation refers to it: "A fine lower jaw of a young Mammoth, in the possession of Mr. G. B. Sowerby, was thus dredged up off the Dogger Bank; and a femur and portion of a large tusk were raised from twenty-five fathoms at low water, midway between Yarmouth and the Dutch coast." But when the above was published, the mandible noticed by Charlesworth had been long in the British Museum, and his engraving of it had been known for some years.

1 Mr. Charlesworth subsequently used the woodcut to illustrate the wrapper of his "London Geological Journal." The accompanying figure, Plate XII., is a careful reproduction of the original by Miss G. M. Woodward.

2 Brit. Foss. Mamm. and Birds, 1846, p. 259.

LIBRARY

UNIVERSITY OF

IV. ON THE ANCIENT VOLCANIC DISTRICT OF SLIEVE GULLION.1 By JOSEPH NOLAN, M.R.I.A., etc.,

IT

of H. M. Geological Survey of Ireland.

T seems to be one of the chief objects of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in changing the place of meeting every year, to bring more prominently before the members of its respective sections such points of interest in their own department of Science as are afforded by the various localities. In accordance with this principle, I beg to lay before you some observations concerning the geology of a district not more distant than about two hours' railway journey from Dublin, which will, I trust, be of peculiar interest on the present occasion. The district I refer to is the hill country north of Dundalk, of which Slieve Gullion forms the most prominent feature. This mountain is a somewhat isolated mass, attaining an elevation of about 1900 feet, and is situated to the north-west of the hilly and picturesque country lying between the bays of Dundalk and Carlingford, or due west of the more remarkable group of the Mourne Mountains. The rocks of which it is mainly composed are of a plutonic character, and rise through granite, the south-western termination of the tract of that rock which extends from this in a north-easterly direction to Slieve Croob, a distance of about thirty miles. This granite is not in the main intrusive, but is rather the result of the metamorphism of the Lower Silurian sedimentary rocks. The transitions from the latter into the former may be observed in many places-the Silurian rocks becoming indurated, then schistose and slightly micacised, passing into crystalline gneiss, which frequently loses its foliation and passes into granite. In other places the transitions are somewhat less gradual, chemical differences in the composition of the rocks having probably favoured the readier conversion into granite, while in others again, no transition whatever is perceptible, and the rock seems in those parts to be intrusive, the more highly fused portions having been forced up and thrust through the upper parts of the sedimentary rocks, or those least affected by metamorphosing agencies. A remarkable instance of the kind may be seen at Mullaghbane, some four miles west of Slieve Gullion, where a tongue from the granite cuts through both the Silurian sedimentary rocks and an old igneous rock (diorite) associated with them; while in the same neighbourhood, transitions from the indurated sedimentary rocks into the main mass of the granite are exceedingly well marked, and even hand specimens exhibiting these changes may be procured.

Similar phenomena were also noticed on the eastern side of the mountain, of which my colleague, Mr. Egan, gives many instances. (See Geological Survey Explanation to accompany Sheet 59). Thus, at Camlough Mountain, he observes that, "the granite contains 1 Read before the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Dublin, (Section C.), August 15, 1878.