LINNEAN SYNOPSIS OF GENERA.

xxix

229. Nat. Order 58. SCROPHULARINEÆ (in part). Caps. 2

celled.

152. LINNEA. Ovary 3-celled. Fr. 1-seeded.

254. VERBENA. Ovary 4-celled. Seeds 2-4, pericarp eva

nescent.

Class XV. TETRADYNAMIA.

15. Nat. Order 6. CRUCIFERÆ.

Class XVI. MONADELPHIA.

Order I. PENT-DEC- ANDRIA.

[Stam. 5-10.]

63. Nat. Order 20. GERANIACEÆ.

(Lysimachia, N. O. 62. Linum, N. O. 21. Oxalis, N. O. 23. Part of Leguminosa, N. O. 26.)

59. Nat. Order 18. HYPERICINEE. Stam. numerous.

Class XIX. SYNGENESIA.

160. Nat. Order 46. COMPOSITE.

Class XX. GYNANDRIA.

306. Nat. Order 78. ORCHIDEE.

Stam. 1 or 2.

278. ARISTOLOCHIA. Stam. 6. Stigma with 6 lobes.

Class XXI. MONCIA.

Order I. MONANDRIA.

[Stam. 1.]

280. EUPHORBIA. Involucre bellshaped, inclosing numerous male fl. and 1 female flower. Cor. and cal. wanting. 340. ARUM. Spath of 1 sheathing leaf, inclosing numerous female fl. and numerous male fl. above them. Cal. and cor. wanting.

118. CALLITRICHE. Bracts 2 petaloid, or 0. Involucre, spath, cal. and cor. wanting.

346. ZANNICHELLIA. Involucre 0. Male fl. without cal. or cor. Fem. fl. with a perianth of 1 leaf. Nuts 4, stalked. Stigma peltate.

346. ZOSTERA. Fl. aggregate in 2 rows on one side of a spadix. Spath ending in a leaf.

Order II. DIANDRIA.

(Callitriche, N. O. 31. Carex, N. O. 90.)

Order III. TRIANDRIA.

339. TYPHA. Spikes male and female, cylindrical. Ovary surrounded with bristles. Perianth 0.

339. SPARGANIUM. Spikes male and female, globose. Perianth single, 3-leaved.

355. CAREX. Fl. in 1 or more imbricated scaly spikes. Perianth 0. Perigone urceolate.

354. KOBRESIA. Fl. in a compound spike. Perianth and perigone 0.

Order IV. TETRANDRIA.

263. LITTORELLA. Cor. of male fl. with a cylindrical tube and 4-parted limb. Stam. very long.

280. Buxus. Cor. of male fl. of 2 petals, fem. of 3 pet. Caps. with 3 beaks.

284. URTICA. Perianth 4-leaved. Perigone 2-leaved.

equalling the perianth.

300. ALNUS. Fl. in imbricated catkins.

lobed, 3-flowered. Perianth 4-fid.

Stam.

Scales of male fl. 3

Perigone 0.

LINNEAN SYNOPSIS OF GENERA.

xxxi

Order V. PENT- POLY- ANDRIA.

*Fl. not in catkins, with cal. and cor.

117. MYRIOPHYLLUM. Pet. of male fl. 4, deciduous. Stam. 8. Germ. inferior.

337. SAGITTARIA. Pet. 3. Stam. about 24. Carp. numerous upon a globose receptacle.

119. BRYONIA. Cal. with 5 teeth. Cor. 5-cleft. Filaments 3. Anth. 5. Fr. an inferior berry.

** Fl. not in catkins, imperfect.

199. XANTHIUM. Involucre of male many-leaved, with a 5toothed perianth; of female 1-leaved, inclosing 2 flowers. 113. CERATOPHYLLUM. Perianth many-leaved. Stam. 16-20. Nut ending in a spine.

328. ERIOCAULON. Perianth 4-6-cleft. Stam. 4-6. Caps. 2-3-lobed, 2-3-celled.

264. AMARANTHUS. Perianth 3-4-leaved. Stam. 3 or 5. Caps. opening all round.

92. POTERIUM. Perianth 4-cleft. Fr. 2 nuts, invested with the hardened quadrangular tube of the perigone.

*** Fl. in catkins.

286. Nat. Order 75. AMENTACEA (in part).

Order VI. MONADELPHIA.

[Filaments of stam. united below into one set.]

303. PINUS. Male fl. in racemose catkins. Fr. in cones.

Class XXII. DIŒCIA.

287. SALIX. Perianth 0. Stam. and pistils with 1 or 2 glands at the base. Anth. 1-5, usually 2.

279. EMPETRUM. Cal. 3-parted. Pet. 3. 321. Ruscus. Sep. 6. Pet. 0.

Stam. 3.

Stam. 3.

277. HIPPOPHAE. Male fl. with a perianth of 2 deep roundish lobes. Stam. 4. Fem. fl. with a tubular bifid perianth. Stigma elongate.

150. VISCUM. Cor. 4-parted. Cal. of male fl. 0, of fem. fl. an obscure free margin. Stam. 4. Stigma obtuse, sessile. 299. MYRICA. Fl. in catkins. Perianth 0. Stam. 4, at the base of the scales.

284. HUMULUS.

Female fl, in a catkin formed of large persist

ent scales. Stam. 5.

305. TAMUS. Perianth 6-parted, superior. Stam. 6. 298. POPULUS. Fl. in imbricated catkins. Stam. 8. 282. MERCURIALIS. Perianth single, 3-parted. Stam. 9. 305. HYDROCHARIS. Cal. 3-parted, superior. Pet. 3. Stam. 9. 306. STRATIOTES. Cal. 3-parted, superior. Stam. 12. 302. JUNIPERUS. Stam. 5, combined. Fl. in catkins. Fem. fl. 3, scales ultimately fleshy and united.

302. TAXUS. Stam. 5, combined. Fl. in catkins. Fem. fl. 1, scaly below. Perigone ultimately fleshy, cupshaped. (Stam. 3. Valeriana, N. O.44. Stam. 4. Rhamnus, N. O. 25. Urtica, N. 0.74. Stam. 8. Sedum, N. O. 35. Stam. 12. Stratiotes, N. O. 77.)

Class XXIII. POLYGAMIA.

268. ATRIPLEX. Perigone 2-lobed or 2-parted. Pericarp free. Testa crustaceous.

270. HALIMUS. Perigone 2-lobed. Pericarp adhering to the perigone. Testa membranous.

Class XXIV. CRYPTOGAMIA.

403. Nat. Order 93. EQUISETACEA. Leafless branched plants with sheathed articulations. Fructification in terminal catkins.

406. Nat. Order 94. FILICES. Leafy plants. Fructification attached to the veins, either on the back or edge of the leaves.

417. Nat. Order 95. MARSILEACEÆ.

Creeping plants with slender leaves. Fructification consisting of globular nearly sessile coriaceous 3-4-celled capsules.

417. Nat. Order 96. LYCOPODIACEÆ. Plants with imbricated leaves. Capsules axillary, solitary.

MANUAL

OF

BRITISH BOTANY.

I. FLOWERING PLANTS.

Substance composed of cellular tissue, woody fibre and spiral vessels. Epidermis with stomata. Embryo with cotyledons.

Class I. DICOTYLEDONES.

Stems formed of bark, wood and pith. The wood furnished with medullary rays and increasing by the addition of concentric layers externally. Leaves mostly with reticulated veins. Cotyledons 2 or more, opposite or whorled.

Subclass I. EXOGENS.

Plants with an ovary, style and stigma. Seeds inclosed in a seed-vessel.

Subdivision I. THALAMIFLORE.

Petals distinct (rarely 0), and as well as the stamens hypogynous.

Order I. RANUNCULACEÆ.

Sep. 3-6. Pet. 5 or more, rarely O. Stam. indefinite: anth. adnate, opening longitudinally. Carp. numerous, distinct, or rarely united into a single pistil. Seeds erect or pendulous.

B