86. Vase-shaped († vascularis); formed like a flower-pot; that is to say, resembling an inverted truncate cone.

87. Tapeworm-shaped (†tanianus); long, cylindrical, contracted in various places, in the manner of the tapeworm. 88. Sausage-shaped (+ botuliformis); long, cylindrical, hollow, curved inwards at each end; as the corolla of some Ericas. 89. Umbrella-shaped († umbraculiformis); resembling an expanded umbrella; that is to say, hemispherical and convex, with rays, or plaits, proceeding from a common centre; as the stigma of Poppy.

90. Meniscoid († meniscoideus); thin, concavo-convex, and hemispherical, resembling a watch-glass.

91. Mushroom-headed (fungiformis, fungilliformis); cylindrical, having a rounded, convex, overhanging extremity; as the embryo of some monocotyledonous plants, as Musa.

92. Nave-shaped († modioliformis); hollow, round, depressed, with a very narrow orifice; as the ripe fruit of Gaultheria. 93. Hooded (cucullatus); a plane body, the apex or sides of which are curved inwards, so as to resemble the point of a slipper, or a hood; as the leaves of Pelargonium cucullatum, the spatha of Arum, the labellum of Pharus.

94. Saddle-shaped (sellaformis); oblong, with the sides hanging down, like the laps of a saddle; as the labellum of Cattleya Loddigesii.

95. Turgid (turgidus); slightly swelling.

96. Bladdery (inflatus); thin, membranous, slightly transparent, swelling equally, as if inflated with air; as the calyx of Cucubalus.

97. Bellying (ventricosus); swelling unequally on one side; as the corolla of many labiate and personate plants.

98. Regular (regularis); in which all the parts are symmetrical. A rotate corolla is regular; the flower of a Cherry is regular. 99. Irregular (irregularis); in which symmetry is destroyed by some inequality of parts. A labiate corolla, and the flowers of the Horsechestnut and the Violet, are irregular.

100. Abnormal (abnormis); in which some departure takes place from the ordinary structure of the family or genus to which a given plant belongs. Thus, Nicotiana multivalvis, in which the ovarium has many cells instead of two, is unusual or abnormal.

101. Normal (normalis); in which the ordinary structure peculiar to the family or genus of a given plant is in nowise departed from.

1. Outline (ambitus, circumscriptio); the figure represented by the margin of a body.

2. Linear (linearis); narrow, short, with the two opposite margins parallel; as the leaf of the Taxus.

3. + Band-shaped († fasciarius); narrow, very long, with the two opposite margins parallel; as the leaves of Zostera marina. 4. Strap-shaped (ligulatus, loratus); narrow, moderately long, with the two opposite margins parallel; as the leaves of Amaryllis equestris.

5. Lanceolate (lanceolatus); narrowly elliptical, tapering to each end; as the leaf of Plantago lanceolata, Daphne Mezereum, &c.

6. Oblong (oblongus); eliptical, obtuse at each end; as the leaf of the Hazel.

7. Oval (ovalis, ellipticus); elliptical, acute at each end; as the leaf of Cornus sanguinea.

8. Ovate, or egg-shaped (ovatus); oblong or elliptical, broadest at the lower end, so as to resemble the longitudinal section of an egg; as the leaf of Stellaria media.

9. Orbicular (orbicularis); perfectly circular; as the leaf of Cotyledon orbiculare.

10. Roundish (rotundus, subrotundus, rotundatus); orbicular, a little inclining to be oblong; as the leaf of Lysimachia Nummularia, Mentha rotundifolia.

11. Spatulate (spatulatus); oblong, with the lower end very much attenuated, so that the whole resembles a chemist's spatula; as the leaf of Bellis perennis.

12. Wedge-shaped (cuneatus, cuneiformis, † cunearius); inversely triangular, with rounded angles; as the leaf of Saxifraga tridentata.

13. Awl-shaped (subulatus); linear, very narrow, tapering to a very fine point from a broadish base; as the leaves of Arenaria tenuifolia, Ulex europæus.

14. Needle-shaped (acerosus); linear, rigid, tapering to a fine point from a narrow base; as the leaves of Juniperus communis.

15. Sword-shaped (ensiformis, gladiatus); lorate, quite straight, with the point acute; as the leaf of an Iris.

16. Parabolical († parabolicus); between ovate and elliptical, the apex being obtuse; as the leaf of Amaranthus Blitum.

17. Rhomboid (rhombeus, rhomboideus); oval, a little angular in the middle; as the leaf of Hibiscus rhombifolius.

18. Deltoid (deltoides); a solid, the transverse section of which has a triangular outline, like the Greek A: as the leaf of Mesembryanthemum deltoideum.

19. Triangular (triangularis); having the figure of a triangle of any kind; as the leaf of Betula alba.

20. Trapeziform (trapeziformis, trapezoideus); having four edges, those which are opposite not being parallel; as the leaf of Adiantum trapeziforme, Populus nigra.

21. Heart-shaped (cordatus, cordiformis); having two round lobes at the base, the whole resembling the heart in a pack of cards; as the leaf of Alnus cordifolia.

22. Eared (auriculatus); having two small rounded lobes at the base; as the leaf of Salvia officinalis.

23. Crescent-shaped (lunatus, lunulatus, † semilunatus); resembling the figure of the crescent; as the glandular apex of the involucral leaves of many Euphorbias.

24. Kidney-shaped (reniformis, † renarius); resembling the figure of a kidney; that is to say, crescent-shaped, with the ends rounded; as the leaf of Asarum europæum.

25. Arrow-headed (sagittatus); gradually enlarged at the base into two acute straight lobes, like the head of an arrow; as the leaf of Rumex Acetosella.

26. Halbert-headed (hastatus); abruptly enlarged at the base into two acute diverging lobes, like the head of a halbert; as the leaf of Arum maculatum.

27. Fiddle-shaped (panduratus, panduriformis); obovate, with a

deep recess or sinus on each side; as the leaves of Rumex pulcher.

28. Lyre-shaped (lyratus); the same as panduriform, but with several sinuses on each side, which gradually diminish in size to the base; as the leaf of Geum urbanum, Raphanus Raphanistrum.

29. Runcinate, or hook-backed (runcinatus); curved in a direction from the apex to the base; as the leaf of Leontodon Taraxacum.

30. Tapering (attenuatus); gradually diminishing in breadth. 31. Wavy (undulatus); having an uneven, alternately convex and concave margin; as the Holly leaf.

32. Equal (æqualis); when both sides of a figure are symmetrical; as the leaf of an Apple.

33. Unequal (inæqualis); when the two sides of a figure are not symmetrical; as the leaf of Begonia.

34. Equal-sided (æquilaterus); the same as equal.

35. Unequal-sided (inæquilaterus); the same as unequal.

36. Oblique (obliquus); when the degree of inequality in the two sides is slight.

37. Halved (dimidiatus); when the degree of inequality is so great that one half of the figure is either wholly or nearly wanting; as the leaf of many Bryonias.

C. With respect to the Apex, or Point.

1. Awned (aristatus); abruptly terminated in a hard, straight, subulate point of various lengths; as the paleæ of Grasses. The arista is always a continuation of the costa, and sometimes separates from the lamina below the apex.

2. Mucronate (mucronatus); abruptly terminated by a hard short point; as the leaf of Statice mucronata.

3. Cuspidate (cuspidatus); tapering gradually into a rigid point. It is also used sometimes to express abruptly acuminate; as the leaf of many Rubi.

4. Cirrhous (cirrhosus, apice circinatus); terminated by a spiral, or flexuose, filiform appendage; as the leaf of Gloriosa superba. This is due to an elongation of a costa.

5. Pungent (pungens); terminating gradually in a hard sharp point; as the leaves of Ruscus aculeatus.

6. Bristle-pointed (setosus, † setiger); terminating gradually in a very fine sharp point; as the leaves of many Mosses.

7. Hair-pointed (piliferus); terminating in a very fine weak point; as the leaves of many Mosses.