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8. Pinnate (pinnatus); when simple leaflets are arranged on each side a common petiole; as in Polypodium vulgare. 9. Pinnate with an odd one (impari-pinnatus); when the petiole

is terminated by a single leaflet or tendril; as in Pyrus aucuparia. If there is a tendril, as in the Pea, it is called cirrhose.

10. Equally pinnate (pari-pinnatus, abruptè pinnatus); when the petiole is terminated by neither leaflet nor tendril; as Orobus tuberosus.

11. Alternately pinnate († alternatim pinnatus); when the leaflets are alternate upon a common petiole; as in Potentilla rupestris. Mirb.

12. Interruptedly pinnate (interruptè pinnatus); when the leaflets are alternately small and large; as in the Potato.

13. Decreasingly pinnate (+ decrescente pinnatus); when the leaflets diminish insensibly in size, from the base of the leaf to its apex; as in Vicia sepium. Mirb.

14. Decursively pinnate († decursivè pinnatus); when the petiole is winged by the elongation of the base of the leaflets; as in Melianthus. Mirb. This is hardly different from pinnatifid. 15. Digitato-pinnate (digitato-pinnatus); when the secondary petioles, on the sides of which the leaflets are attached, part from the summit of a common petiole. Mirb.

16. Twin digitato-pinnate (bidigitato-pinnatus, biconjugato-pinnatus); the secondary petioles, on the sides of which the

leaflets are arranged, proceed in twos from the summit of a common petiole; as in Mimosa purpurea. Mirb. 17. Bigeminate (bigeminatus, biconjugatus); when each of two secondary petioles bears a pair of leaflets; as in Mimosa unguis Cati. Mirb.

18. Tergeminate (tergeminus, tergeminatus); when each of two secondary petioles bears towards its summit one pair of leaflets, and the common petiole bears a third pair at the origin of the two secondary petioles; as in Mimosa tergemina. Mirb.

19. Thrice digitato-pinnate († tridigitato-pinnatus, ternato-pinnatus); when the secondary petioles, on the sides of which the leaflets are attached, proceed in threes from the summit of a common petiole; as in Hoffmannseggia. Mirb. 20. † Quadridigitato-pinnatus, as in Mimosa pudica, and † Multidigitato-pinnatus, are rarely used, but are obvious modifications of the last.

21. Bipinnate (bipinnatus, + duplicato-pinnatus); when the leaflets of a pinnate leaf become themselves pinnate; as in Mimosa Julibrissin, Fumaria officinalis, &c.

22. Biternate (biternatus, † duplicato-ternatus); when three secondary petioles proceed from the common petiole, and each bears three leaflets; as in Fumaria bulbosa, Imperatoria Ostruthium, &c. Mirb.

23. Triternate (triternatus); when the common petiole divides into three secondary petioles, which are each subdivided into three tertiary petioles, each of which bears three leaflets; as the leaf of Epimedium alpinum.

24. Tripinnate (tripinnatus); when the leaflets of a bipinnate leaf become themselves pinnate; as in Thalictrum minus, or Enanthe Phellandrium.

25. Paired (conjugatus, unijugus, † unijugatus); when the petiole of a pinnated leaf bears one pair of leaflets; as Zygophyllum Fabago. Bijugus is when it bears two pairs; as in Mimosa fagifolia trijugus, quadrijugus, quinquejugus, &c., are also employed when required. Multijugus is used when the number of pairs becomes very considerable; as in Orobus sylvaticus, Astragalus glycyphyllus.

26. Branched (ramosus); divided into many branches: if the divisions are small, we say ramulosus.

27. Somewhat branched (subramosus); having a slight tendency to branch.

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28. Excurrent (excurrens); in which the axis remains always in the centre, all the other parts being regularly disposed round it; as the stem of Pinus Abies.

29. Much-branched (ramosissimus); branched in a great de

gree.

30. Disappearing († deliquescens); branched, but so divided that the principal axis is lost trace of in the ramifications; as the head of an oak tree.

31. Dichotomous (dichotomus); having the divisions always in pairs; as the branches and inflorescence of Stellaria holostea: if they are in threes, we say trichotomus; as the stem of Mirabilis Jalapa.

32. Twin (didymus); growing in pairs, or divided into two equal parts; as the fruit of Galium.

33. Forked (furcatus); having long terminal lobes, like the prongs of a fork; as Ophioglossum pendulum.

34. Stellate (stellatus); divided into segments, radiating from a common centre; as the hairs of most malvaceous plants. 35. Jointed (articulatus); falling in pieces at the joints, or separating readily at the joints; as the pods of Ornithopus, the leaflets of Guilandina Bonduc: it is also applied to bodies having the appearance of being jointed; as the stem and leaves of Juncus articulatus.

36. Granular (granulatus); divided into little knobs or knots; as the roots of Saxifraga granulata.

37. Byssaceous († byssaceus); divided into very fine pieces, like wool; as the roots of some Agarics.

38. Tree-like (+ dendroides); divided at the top into a number of fine ramifications, so as to resemble the head of a tree; as Lycopodium dendroideum.

39. Brush-shaped († aspergilliformis); divided into several fine ramifications, so as to resemble the brush (aspergillus) used for sprinkling holy water in the ceremonies of the Catholic Church; as the stigmas of grasses.

40. Partitioned (loculosus, † septatus, † phragmiger); divided by internal partitions into cells; as the pith of the plant that produces the Chinese rice-paper. This is never applied to fruits.

41. Anastomosing (anastomozans); the ramifications of any thing which are united at the points where they come in contact are said to anastomose. The term is confined to veins.

42. Ruminate (ruminatus); when a hard body is pierced in

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various directions by narrow cavities filled with dry cellular matter; as the albumen of the nutmeg and the Anona. 43. Cancellate (+ cancellatus); when the parenchyma is wholly absent, and the veins alone remain, anastomosing and forming a kind of network; as the leaves of Hydrogeton fenestralis.

44. Perforated (pertusus); when irregular spaces are left open in the surface of any thing, so that it is pierced with holes ; as the leaves of Dracontium pertusum.

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1. Rugose (rugosus); covered with reticulated lines, the spaces between which are convex; as the leaves of Sage.

2. Netted (reticulatus); covered with reticulated lines which project a little; as the under surface of the leaves of most Melastomas, the seeds of Geranium rotundifolium.

3. Half-netted († semireticulatus); when, of several layers of any thing, the outer one only is reticulated; as in the roots of Gladiolus communis.

4. Pitted (scrobiculatus); having numerous small shallow depressions or excavations; as the seed of Datisca cannabina, Passiflora, &c.

5. Lacunose (lacunosus); having numerous large deep depressions or excavations.

6. Honeycombed (favosus, alveolatus); excavated in the manner of a section of honeycomb; as the receptacle of many Compositæ, the seeds of Papaver.

7. † Areolate († areolatus); divided into a number of irregular squares or angular spaces.

8. Scarred (cicatrisatus); marked by the scars left by bodies that have fallen off: the stem, for instance, is scarred by the leaves that have fallen.

9. Ringed (annulatus); surrounded by elevated or depressed bands; as the roots of some plants, the cupulæ of several Oaks, &c.

10. Striated (striatus); marked by longitudinal lines; as the petals of Geranium striatum.

11. Lined (lineatus); the same as striatus.

12. Furrowed (sulcatus); marked by longitudinal channels; as the stem of Conium, of the Parsnep, of Spiræa Ulmaria, &c. 13. Aciculated (aciculatus); marked with very fine irregular streaks, as if produced by the point of a needle.

14. Dotted (punctatus); covered by minute impressions, as if made by the point of a pin; as the seed of Anagallis arvensis, Geranium pratense.

15. Even (æquatus); the reverse of any thing expressive of inequality of surface.

B. With respect to Appendages or superficial Processes.

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1. Unarmed (inermis); destitute of any kind of spines or prickles.

2. Spiny (spinosus); furnished with spines; as the branches of Crataegus Oxyacantha.

3. Prickly (aculeatus); furnished with prickles; as the stem of a Rose.

4. Bristly (echinatus); furnished with numerous rigid hairs, or straight prickles; as the fruit of Castanea vesca.

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